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1.
电子水准仪的出现是水准测量技术一次大的变革。在我国尚没有电子水准测量规范出台的情况下,提出了基于DINI12电子水准仪数据处理程序设计思想,并对程序具有的测段提取、错误剔除、粗差探测、时间内插温度改正、尺长改正、标准化成果表生成及观测指标统计等功能进行了详述。 相似文献
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传统水准测量是高精度水准测量的重要手段之一。文章基于DiNi电子水准仪测量数据,针对长距离、高精度水准测量高程的多值性,对水准面不平行改正和重力异常改正的原理进行详述。将其应用于某城市二等水准网平差计算中,证明了精密水准改正的有效性和必要性。 相似文献
3.
随着电子水准仪的不断发展和完善,利用精密数字电子水准仪进行国家一等水准测量是我国进行高程控制测量发展的必然趋势,为了保证精度.本文从水准测量的作业流程出发,主要介绍了利用精密电子水准仪进行国家一等水准测量的基本要求及注意事项,并对其测量精度进行了分析. 相似文献
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几种水准测量方法在电子直线加速器测量中的应用 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
分析现有各种水准测量方法的特点,结合电子直线加速器的测量实践,提出短距水准测量的概念。通过比较常规水准仪四次不同测量和激光跟踪仪测量的结果,分析各种测量仪器和方法的精度,指出短距时光学水准仪、电子水准仪、激光跟踪仪的高差测量精度相当,但激光跟踪仪高差可能存在系统误差。 相似文献
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《武汉大学学报(信息科学版)》2010,(7)
传统水准测量作业对前后视距差和前后视距累积差有严格要求。基于电子水准仪测量实际,提出了将水准仪的i角误差视为未知量参与水准网平差,以获得等同甚至优于视距对称条件下的水准测量精度,实现水准测量外业的简便性和高效性。具体阐述了该方法的基本原理,并结合实验进行了验证。 相似文献
10.
Ni002,Ni002A自动安平水准仪与DiNi10电子水准仪的质量评述 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Ｎｉ００２、Ｎｉ００２Ａ自动安平水准仪已经停止生产,ＤｉＮｉ１０电子水准仪能否用于一等水准测量已引起测量专家的重视和关注。通过两类仪器技术参数、结构特点和实测成果的分析,表明Ｎｉ００２、Ｎｉ００２Ａ自动安平水准仪在性能和精度上优于ＤｉＮｉ１０电子水准仪,电子水准仪目前还不能替代Ｎｉ００２、Ｎｉ００２Ａ自动安平水准仪,有待于进一步完善。如何解决今后一段时间内一等水准测量仪器,笔者提出了具体建议。 相似文献
11.
标尺误差是精密水准测量的一项重要误差来源。其中由于温度变化而引起因瓦带的长度变化,是使用因瓦标尺带来的误差之一。国内外有关文献曾对此进行过深入的研究。我国过去在精密水准测量时,未测定所用因瓦标尺的综合膨胀系数,故在一等水准网平差中未对观测高差加标尺温度改正。本文主要针对将要开始的精密水准复测,讨论标尺的温度改正问题和我们的试验结果。 相似文献
12.
Any errors in digital elevation models (DEMs) will introduce errors directly in gravity anomalies and geoid models when used
in interpolating Bouguer gravity anomalies. Errors are also propagated into the geoid model by the topographic and downward
continuation (DWC) corrections in the application of Stokes’s formula. The effects of these errors are assessed by the evaluation
of the absolute accuracy of nine independent DEMs for the Iran region. It is shown that the improvement in using the high-resolution
Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) data versus previously available DEMs in gridding of gravity anomalies, terrain corrections
and DWC effects for the geoid model are significant. Based on the Iranian GPS/levelling network data, we estimate the absolute
vertical accuracy of the SRTM in Iran to be 6.5 m, which is much better than the estimated global accuracy of the SRTM (say
16 m). Hence, this DEM has a comparable accuracy to a current photogrammetric high-resolution DEM of Iran under development.
We also found very large differences between the GLOBE and SRTM models on the range of −750 to 550 m. This difference causes
an error in the range of −160 to 140 mGal in interpolating surface gravity anomalies and −60 to 60 mGal in simple Bouguer
anomaly correction terms. In the view of geoid heights, we found large differences between the use of GLOBE and SRTM DEMs,
in the range of −1.1 to 1 m for the study area. The terrain correction of the geoid model at selected GPS/levelling points
only differs by 3 cm for these two DEMs. 相似文献
13.
O. Simonsen 《Journal of Geodesy》1966,40(1):39-69
In general the observations within a continental levelling network have been made during day time when the sun is above the
horizon. In Northern countries levelling observations have often been made during the summer months and in the morning and
the evening, when the sun may be to the North of the prime vertical. This entails that special mean tidal perturbations by
the sun on a levelling network may deviate with not quite negligible quantities from general mean tidal influence by the sun
on the sea. For the moon the corresponding deviation will be nearly zero. The variance of the levelling (REUN 1960) between
the tidal stations M-28 Fredericia and M-48 Genova is (±33 mm x kiloGal)2. The author (1965) has found for this line (hypothetical levelling 19/5–2/6 1950 on the Yielding Earth)
possiblespecial mean tidal correction by the moon +27.5 mm
possiblespecial mean tidal correction by the sun −4.2 mm
―
in total +23.3 mm
deviating 22.5 mm
fromgeneral mean tidal correction of the seafor both moon and sun} +45.8 mm
The deviation 22.5 mm between tidal corrections for Mean Sea Level, MSL, and for levelling line is not quite negligible. 相似文献
14.
通过对数字化测图的误差成因分析，在作业过程中布设适当的检查点，对检查点的误差进行定性和定量的分析与计算，在数字测图中加入误差改正，从而提高数字化测图的精度。 相似文献
15.
On the adjustment of combined GPS/levelling/geoid networks 总被引：12，自引：7，他引：5
A detailed treatment of adjustment problems in combined global positioning system (GPS)/levelling/geoid networks is given.
The two main types of `unknowns' in this kind of multi-data 1D networks are usually the gravimetric geoid accuracy and a 2D
spatial field that describes all the datum/systematic distortions among the available height data sets. An accurate knowledge
of the latter becomes especially important when we consider employing GPS techniques for levelling purposes with respect to
a local vertical datum. Two modelling alternatives for the correction field are presented, namely a pure deterministic parametric
model, and a hybrid deterministic and stochastic model. The concept of variance component estimation is also proposed as an
important statistical tool for assessing the actual gravimetric geoid noise level and/or testing a priori determined geoid
error models. Finally, conclusions are drawn and recommendations for further study are suggested.
Received: 9 September 1998 / Accepted: 8 June 1999 相似文献
16.
A new technique to determine geoid and orthometric heights from satellite positioning and geopotential numbers 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
L. E. Sjöberg 《Journal of Geodesy》2006,80(6):304-312
This paper takes advantage of space-technique-derived positions on the Earth’s surface and the known normal gravity field to determine the height anomaly from geopotential numbers. A new method is also presented to downward-continue the height anomaly to the geoid height. The orthometric height is determined as the difference between the geodetic (ellipsoidal) height derived by space-geodetic techniques and the geoid height. It is shown that, due to the very high correlation between the geodetic height and the computed geoid height, the error of the orthometric height determined by this method is usually much smaller than that provided by standard GPS/levelling. Also included is a practical formula to correct the Helmert orthometric height by adding two correction terms: a topographic roughness term and a correction term for lateral topographic mass–density variations. 相似文献
17.
本文详细地叙述和分析了Ni002 因瓦水准标尺模板研制的整个过程,包括冲孔模的研制,模板的冲裁,模板及标尺全分划刻划误差的检验,并由此推算出喷漆复制精度和模板的精度。文中,特别指出了冲孔模冲头间距误差正负号的排列对标尺检验结果的影响,并在实践中得到了验证。 相似文献
18.
The use of GPS for establishing height control in an area where levelling data are available can involve the so-called GPS/levelling technique. Modelling of the GPS/levelling geoid undulations has usually been carried out using polynomial surface fitting, least-squares collocation (LSC) and finite-element methods. Artificial neural networks (ANNs) have recently been used for many investigations, and proven to be effective in solving complex problems represented by noisy and missing data. In this study, a feed-forward ANN structure, learning the characteristics of the training data through the back-propagation algorithm, is employed to model the local GPS/levelling geoid surface. The GPS/levelling geoid undulations for Istanbul, Turkey, were estimated from GPS and precise levelling measurements obtained during a field study in the period 1998–99. The results are compared to those produced by two well-known conventional methods, namely polynomial fitting and LSC, in terms of root mean square error (RMSE) that ranged from 3.97 to 5.73 cm. The results show that ANNs can produce results that are comparable to polynomial fitting and LSC. The main advantage of the ANN-based surfaces seems to be the low deviations from the GPS/levelling data surface, which is particularly important for distorted levelling networks. 相似文献
19.
The determination of potential difference by the joint application of measured and synthetical gravity data: a case study in Hungary 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
In an elementary approach every geometrical height difference between the staff points of a levelling line should have a corresponding
average g value for the determination of potential difference in the Earth’s gravity field. In practice this condition requires as
many gravity data as the number of staff points if linear variation of g is assumed between them. Because of the expensive fieldwork, the necessary data should be supplied from different sources.
This study proposes an alternative solution, which is proved at a test bed located in the Mecsek Mountains, Southwest Hungary,
where a detailed gravity survey, as dense as the staff point density (~1 point/34 m), is available along a 4.3-km-long levelling
line. In the first part of the paper the effect of point density of gravity data on the accuracy of potential difference is
investigated. The average g value is simply derived from two neighbouring g measurements along the levelling line, which are incrementally decimated in the consecutive turns of processing. The results
show that the error of the potential difference between the endpoints of the line exceeds 0.1 mm in terms of length unit if
the sampling distance is greater than 2 km. Thereafter, a suitable method for the densification of the decimated g measurements is provided. It is based on forward gravity modelling utilising a high-resolution digital terrain model, the
normal gravity and the complete Bouguer anomalies. The test shows that the error is only in the order of 10−3mm even if the sampling distance of g measurements is 4 km. As a component of the error sources of levelling, the ambiguity of the levelled height difference which
is the Euclidean distance between the inclined equipotential surfaces is also investigated. Although its effect accumulated
along the test line is almost zero, it reaches 0.15 mm in a 1-km-long intermediate section of the line. 相似文献
20.
张亮 《测绘与空间地理信息》2008,31(2):145-148
抗差估计具有较好的抗拒异常观测值及粗差的能力,而最小二乘配置又能较好地处理系统误差,本文结合两者的优点,利用抗差最小二乘配置对数字化地图进行几何纠正,其中对协方差函数采用抗差拟合,得到了较好的结果。实验证明在GIS数据处理的扫描数字化地图几何纠正中,抗差最小二乘配置在抗拒异常值和处理系统误差方面优于单纯的最小二乘估计和单纯的最小二乘配置方法。 相似文献