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采有英国Hadley中心的GISST海冰面积资料，NCFP／NCAR再分析资料以及中国160站气温和降水资料，分析了春季格陵兰海冰面积与夏季中国区域气温和降水的关系。初步研究表明，春季格陵兰海冰面积变化和随后夏季我国黄河长江中下游之间地区气温以及8月份华北和西南地区降水呈明显正相关，而和6月黄河中上游地区降水则具有明显的负相关。同时，春季格陵兰海冰异常时期对应着北半球大气环流的明显主为化，表明海冰与我国气温及降水之间的联系具有一定的环流背景。 相似文献
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Dr. R. Vogelgesang 《Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics》1996,58(1-4):205-214
Summary An analytical method is developed for determining radiation transport in finite cylindrical clouds. The cylindrical form is taken as the idealized shape of cumulus clouds. In the shortwave part of the spectrum illumination by the direct solar beam is considered. In the infrared the cloud's emission as well as the radiation emitted by an underlying ground is taken into account. Numerical computations are carried out to illustrate the applicability of the technique developed in the present study. For a cloud in an absorbing midlatitude summer atmosphere results are shown for the shortwave region including spectral integration. Cloud transmission and albedo are presented as a function of solar zenith angle and as a function of the cloud's dimensions. The results are in agreement with published results from Monte Carlo calculations as far as a comparison is possible. Vertical profiles of the solar heating rate in the cylindrical cloud indicate the effect of the cloud's finite dimensions. Similarity as well as differences are found from comparison with results obtained for a cuboidal cloud from a finite analytical model that was tested successfully against Monte Carlo calculations.With 5 Figures 相似文献
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Vertical profiles of virtual potential temperature,specific humidity,temperature at saturation points,moist staticenergies along with parcel condensing levels using minisonde data are analysed for two stations through which a mon-soon depression passed.The height of the cloud base came down as low as 910 hPa level from 835 hPa.Equivalent po-tential temperature increased in the vertical profile as well as in the conserved variable diagram as the depression ap-proached the station.Parcel condensing levels showed clearly inversion top and cloud top but not in all cases.Moist stat-ic energy showed an increase upto 10 kJ/kg as the depression approached. 相似文献
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小尺度地形引起的切变重力波 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
在大气边界层中,特别是山区的边界层中,经常可以观测到重力波的活动。例如Bull和Neisser分析了1974年4月至7月的2300时的微气压计记录。他们发现约38％的观测时间里都存在振幅至少为10—20 dPa的重力波活动,其中大多数重力波的振幅为25—70 dPa。由于风速切变和温度层结的不同,重力波引起的垂直位移的大小可能为百米,也可能达到整个夜间边界层厚度的量级。 很多大气活动都可能引起重力波,例如锋面、低空急流、局地风切变、逆温及强对流等等。地形特别是在夜间也是产生重力波的重要来源。当稳定度随高度急剧减少或风速随高度急剧增加时,在山脊的背风坡经常可以发现一系列的波动活动。 相似文献
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利用库尔勒市2005-2013年暖季逐小时降水量资料分析了当地大降水天气的发生的时间、强度特征,从天气预报的角度对大降水天气环流形势进行了分型、找出了产生大降水的中尺度触发抬升机制,建立了大降水天气的三种概念模型。研究得到库尔勒大降水影响系统包括低槽或涡东移型、南北低槽汇合型、锋区南压型以及脊前短波槽或西北气流型四类,降水触发机制分为冷锋触发类、干线触发类以及混合触发类三种。结合大降水发生前的影响系统、发生时抬升触发机制和雷暴降水天气形成的动力、水汽、不稳定条件以及大降水落区的显著特征的总结分析,归纳出包括了锋区急流类大降、低涡气旋类大降水以及低槽切变辐合线类大降水三种不同的库尔勒大降水天气概念模型。 相似文献
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国家机构改革的进程，促使气象部门为适应社会主义市场经济和经济全球化的发展要求，加快系统的机构改革步伐。作为基层气象部门只有顺应体制改革和机制创新，才能更好地发挥公益事业单位的重要作用，也才能不断地拓宽气象服务领域，走一条符合时代要求的发展道路。 相似文献
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针对供电部门所辖范围内的用户,开发出一种能完成电费管理、信息管理等功能的综合管理系统.该电费管理系统采用B/S模式(浏览器/服务器模式),面向对象语言Java作为编程开发语言,动态网页采用JSP技术来制作,网络数据库则使用MySQL,同时采用JDBC接口连接MySQL数据库,Tomcat作为Web服务器,集成开发环境选择MyEclipse6.6.该系统可以较大地降低电力部门的管理成本,减轻供电系统日常管理的压力. 相似文献
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Prof. Dr. Z. Petkovšek 《Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics》1990,43(1-4):197-202
Summary For the inclined stationary internal atmospheric boundary as is the upper boundary of the bora flow down the lee-side slope of an orographic obstacle, the dynamic forces must be appropriately balanced, similar as at the atmospheric frontal surfaces. Starting from this idea, a model for the bora flow conditions was developed. Introducing some special suppositions, the model finally consists of four partial differential equations, which are solved numerically.Numerical experiments with the model by changing parameters such as friction and warm air stratification, as well as initial values of the flow: thickness, velocity, inclination and air mass temperature difference, show interesting results and finings. The shape of upper bora boundary and the distribution of the bora velocity above and downward the slope are graphycally presented, as they develop under the influence of different values of the mentioned parameters.With 5 Figures 相似文献
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Rapid and significant advances in issues relevant to weather modification have been made in the
last decade in China due to high water resource stresses and severe weather hazards induced by climate
change. This paper reported some progress in aspects of theoretical modeling, field experiment and
cloud-seeding tools, as well as research projects regarding weather modification during the ten years
from 1997 to 2007.
More advanced theoretical models such as cloud models with bin-microphysics and
glaciogenic and hygroscopic seeding processes, and mesoscale cloud-resolving models with AgI-seeding
processes have been developed to study seeding-induced changes of cloud structure and precipitation
as well as to understand critical issues in association with weather modification. More advanced
cloud-seeding tools such as mobile ground-based launching system of AgI-rockets and aircraft-based
AgI-flares have been developed and used in operation. Several important projects aimed at exploring
weather modification techniques and their applications have been conducted during this period. 相似文献
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In this paper, we examine the trends of temperature series in Europe, for the mean as well as for the variance in hot and cold seasons. To do so, we use as long and homogenous series as possible, provided by the European Climate Assessment and Dataset project for different locations in Europe, as well as the European ENSEMBLES project gridded dataset and the ERA40 reanalysis. We provide a definition of trends that we keep as intrinsic as possible and apply non-parametric statistical methods to analyse them. Obtained results show a clear link between trends in mean and variance of the whole series of hot or cold temperatures: in general, variance increases when the absolute value of temperature increases, i.e. with increasing summer temperature and decreasing winter temperature. This link is reinforced in locations where winter and summer climate has more variability. In very cold or very warm climates, the variability is lower and the link between the trends is weaker. We performed the same analysis on outputs of six climate models proposed by European teams for the 1961–2000 period (1950–2000 for one model), available through the PCMDI portal for the IPCC fourth assessment climate model simulations. The models generally perform poorly and have difficulties in capturing the relation between the two trends, especially in summer. 相似文献
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The economic impacts of climate-change-induced adjustments on the performance of the Tanzanian economy are analysed, using a countrywide computable general equilibrium (CGE) model. The effect of overall climate change on agricultural productivity (modelled as reduced land productivity) is projected to be relatively limited until about 2030, thereafter becoming worse. The simulation results indicate that despite the projected reduction in agricultural productivity, the negative impacts can potentially be quite limited. This is because the timescales involved, as well as the low starting point of the economy, leave ample room for factor substitutability and increased overall productivity. This indicates that policies that give farmers the opportunity to invest in autonomous climate adaptation, as well as those that improve the overall performance of the economy, can be as important in reducing the impacts of climate change in the economy as direct government policies for adaptation. 相似文献
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Ralph M. Rotty 《Climatic change》1986,9(3):311-325
Wood continues to be a major fuel source for vast numbers of the world's people. Even in the highly industrialized countries, use of wood and wood wastes as fuel produces a small (in comparison to fossil fuels) but non-negligible amount of CO2. Although information on the worldwide harvest and use of wood is not as complete or as reliable as fossil fuel data, this paper uses what is available and develops annual estimates of CO2 emissions for the period 1968–1983. Woods are separated into two types, coniferous and non-coniferous, and average content and carbon amounts are estimated for each type. Wood utilization is divided into several categories, e.g., fuelwood, lumber, poles, and use of wood wastes as fuels in the lumber and paper industries is included. Results are given for major world regions. In recent years the worldwide CO2 emissions from wood used as fuels is estimated to be about one-tenth as much as CO2 emissions from fossil fuels. This does not include fires in the forests, either associated with forest clearing or those from natural causes. 相似文献
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《Global Environmental Change》1999,9(2):77-80
‘Agrodiversity’, a term of the 1990s, refers to interactions between agricultural management practices, farmers’ resource endowments, bio-physical resources, and species. If it is to have practical use, it must be codified as a basis for analysis. A division into overlapping and interrelated components is proposed, which distinguish spatial and temporal variations as well as related developmental issues such as livelihoods and food security. 相似文献
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利用乌鲁木齐市2011～2012年08时、20时L波段(1型)雷达探测的高空资料建立了乌鲁木齐大气边界层气象要素数据库,分析了乌鲁木齐边界层内气温、风向、风速和相对湿度的垂直分布及其时间变化特征。结果表明：边界层内温度廓线的日变化和季节变化比较显著,各月均有逆温出现,且08时较20时更易出现逆温,冬季08时逆温层厚度较厚且强度最大。边界层内夏、冬两季风速随高度变化波动较大,春、秋两季变化较小。近地层春、夏、秋三季08时盛行西南偏南风,冬季盛行偏东风和西南风;20时春季盛行东北风,夏秋盛行偏北风和西北风,冬季则盛行东风和东北偏东风。08时、20时风向均随高度的增加呈明显的向右偏转趋势,且日风向的变化具有明显的“山谷风”特点。08、20时的相对湿度冬季最大,夏季最小,且随高度增加,春、夏两季08、20时相对湿度的变化较大。 相似文献
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运用常规天气图资料,并借助地面自动站和多普勒雷达等资料,综合分析了2004年8月3日大连地区出现的一次大暴雨天气过程。结果表明:有利的大尺度环流场,高、低空急流在大连地区的耦合,在提供了充沛的水汽能量的同时,华北北部强度适宜的冷空气的侵入,直接导致垂直上升运动加强。强高空辐散场与低层辐合中心叠置,高层正涡度不断向下输送,导致地面低值系统发展加强,是产生大范围强降水天气的主要原因。同时,垂直运动的发展,促使中γ尺度气旋的活跃活动使得暴雨过程中的降水强度得到显著加强,也是暴雨强度增强的主要原因。 相似文献