共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 296 毫秒
1.
近二十年来，热带地区普遍存在的红土型风化作用及其对矿床与矿化带的影响引起了普遍的关注，红土型风化壳的主要矿物成分是以铁铝的氧化物及氢氧化物和粘土矿物为主，如针铁矿，赤铁矿，铝土矿，高岭石及石英等，与其未风化的母岩相比，含有相当高的铁和铝，红土型风化过程中，易溶元素均不同程序地被淋滤，而难溶元素则相对富集，红土型金矿床是就在这样强烈的风化作用中由原生的金矿带进一步富集而成，并可形成极富的矿体，金矿体常常赋存于风化壳的上部，易于露天开采，目前，在澳大利亚，巴西，巴布亚新内内亚，印度以及非洲的一些国家均发现了红土型金矿床，红土型风化剖面一般可分为5个特征带，由上而下为：表土带，铁质带，斑点带，浅色带，座岩带，下面即为未风化的母岩，金矿体说要赋存于铁质带和斑点带带中，红土型风化壳变化很大，薄则几，厚可达数百米，金在风化过程中往往向矿化带两侧运移，矿体常呈上宽下窄状，次生金常呈自形晶，树枝晶，浑圆状及不规则状产出，并常常与铁质结核共生，一般地说，次生金的成色很高，因为红土化作用常常是在氧化并且酸性的地球化学环境中运行，金和银主要以氯化物的形式运移，局部地球化学环境的变化可导致金的沉淀，而银的氯化物则较稳定，常随地下水一起从风化壳中流失，系统研究表明，金的成色往往随风化作用的进行而增加，即越到剖面上部奖金铁成色越高，同一金颗粒也往往在边部具有较高的成色，但是，如果原生母岩中含有大量的碳酸盐矿物及硫化物矿物时，常常导致中碱性及较还原的环境，这时金和银常呈硫化硫酸盐的形式运移，环境的变化可导致金和银几站同时沉淀，形成的次生金则与原生金的成色相近，一般成色较低，由此可见，次生金的成色反映了红土风化过程的地球化学条件，虽外，中性及碱性条件下，金也可呈水合物的形式运移，有时地下水中微量的生物成因氰化物会使金呈氰化物的形式运移，再则金也可呈胶体形式运移，然而，金的沉淀则主要由于地下水溶液的稀释或地球化学环境的变化所引起的。 相似文献
2.
以湖北蛇屋山、云南北衙、湖南龙形寨三个红土型金矿为例,本文分析了矿床构造特征和构造在红土型金矿成矿过程中的控制作用。红土型金矿的形成与构造也有密切的关系,区域构造和矿区构造通过控制区域成矿带、原生金矿床(矿体)或高含金地质体的风化母岩的形成、风化母岩的抬升、出露与风化作用、古地理及古构造地貌、古水文地质条件等方面而对红土型金矿的形成产生间接或直接的影响。动力学模拟表明,断裂构造可以显著增高岩石渗透率、促进地下水的流动,从而有利于岩石的化学风化与红土化作用、促进金的溶解、迁移、富集与红土型金矿的形成,并导致断裂部位的风化壳与金矿体厚度显著增大。 相似文献
3.
中国南方红土型金成矿系列研究综述 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
红土型金矿床是原生金矿化遭受红土化作用改造所形成的一种表生金矿床,包括"红色粘土型"和"铁帽型"金矿床.中国红土型金矿以风化再造型为主,受气候影响而主要分布在南方,并与岩金成矿系列分布基本一致.风化壳常量元素、稀土元素、粘土矿物系统研究表明,成矿作用环境时空变化整体受风化强度控制,其风化作用早期呈中碱性、晚期呈酸性,风化壳下部偏碱性、还原,项部偏酸性、氧化的特点.典型矿床因子分析揭示,红土型金成矿作用可分为氧化和水解两个阶段.氧化阶段风化较弱,基岩释放大量碱性离子,使成矿流体保持中性,金溶解并主要以Au(S2O3)23-形式迁移;水解阶段风化较强,硅酸盐矿物发生脱碱去硅作用,随着大气降水不断参与,成矿流体性质由中碱性缓慢过渡到中-酸性条件,金以胶体或氯化物络合物形式迁移.金一般在风化壳下部富集,表生矿物吸附、氧化还原界面处被Fe2 、Mn2 还原以及不同性质流体混合都能促使金的沉淀. 相似文献
4.
5.
红土型金矿作为一种重要的金矿床类型逐渐被地质勘查工作者重视。在前人研究成果的基础上,结合在老挝那乌东金矿的野外勘查工作,详细阐述了红土型金矿床地质特征、矿床类型划分及主要控矿因素,指出几种重要的找矿标志。研究表明,根据红土型金矿风化壳剖面结构特征及与原生矿的关系,主要分为残积型和迁积型;风化壳剖面具有明显的垂直分带,矿体主要以层状、似层状、透镜状产于硬(铁)壳层、杂色黏土层、网纹状黏土层及含砾亚黏土层中;红土型金矿通常受构造、古气候、水文地质和地貌等控制;化探异常、富Au地质体或金矿体范围及其附近的红土层、红土风化壳剖面中的铁质带为红土型金矿的重要找矿标志。 相似文献
6.
赛乌素金矿是在我国干旱－半干旱气候条件下形成的，较为典型的风化淋滤残积型金矿床。该矿床氧化带剖面可划分成：表土亚带、碳酸盐亚带、铁质亚带、花岗岩风化亚带和基岩。花岗岩风化亚带的上部为金矿体次生富集的主要赋存部位。但由于原含矿地质体金矿化及构造裂隙分布的不均匀性，使金的次生富集局部出现波动。在金的次生富集过程中腐殖酸的作用不是主要的，而粘土矿物、赤铁矿等对金的吸附，以及具有小分子量的有机酸类可能起着相对重要的作用。 相似文献
7.
红土型金矿指产于红土风化壳中，金的富集与成矿均与红土风化作用密切相关的矿床。金矿红土风化剖面一般见于热带、亚热带地区，年平均温度在２０℃以上，降雨量１５００～２０００ｍｍ，产出地形较为平坦，其风化剖面自上而下分为：①腐植质红土层，厚０～２ｍ；②上部红土层，厚０～５ｍ；③含矿红土层，金矿赋存于豆状、球状或结核状铁矿物中，红土的主要矿物成分为三水铝石、针铁矿、高岭石等；④杂色红土层；⑤半风化基岩层。红土风化作用过程顺序为：①碳酸盐型风化壳阶段；②高岭土型风化壳阶段；③砖红土型风化壳阶段。风化作用过程取决于化学溶解迁移（Ｄ）、机械迁移（Ｔ）及与之相关的雨量（Ｒ）、降雨特征、坡长（Ｘ）（指分水岭至坡底的水平距离）、坡度（）及植被发育情况等。通常风化堆积模型如下：式中：ｚ为土壤厚度，ｔ为风化进行的时间，ｄｚ／ｄｔ表示风化堆积的速度（ｍｍ／ａ），Ｐｓ为土壤状态参数，Ｄ为化学迁移速率，Ｔ为机械迁移速率。计算表明，一般合矿红土风化剖面厚３０～５０ｍ，其形成时限一般在１～１０Ｍａ之间。我国南方属热一亚热带地区，具备红土化金矿床的形成条件，应注意普查这一类型矿床。 相似文献
8.
引起红土表层硅铝比值增大原因的可能性探讨 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
Si/Al或SiO2/R2O3常常作为表生化学风化作用强度的重要指标。随着化学风化作用的进行。硅铝比或硅铝铁率表现出逐渐降低的演化趋势，中国南方的红土风化壳，是强烈化学风化作用的产物，被认为处于或经历了脱硅富铝化阶段，但是在红土剖面上部常常出现该比值不降反升的现象。给运用这一指标指示化学风化强度带来了困难，通过对贵州平坝，新蒲及花溪碳酸盐岩红色风化壳化学风化程度的研究，以及对中国南方几种不同结晶母岩上发育的红土的化学风化强度指标的对比讨论。探讨了产生这种现象的可能性原因。指出Fe,Al氧化物的下渗和淋失作用及其硅质的相对富集是引起中国南方红土表层出现Si/Al和SiO2/R2O3升高的主要原因。 相似文献
9.
红土型金矿床的地质特征、成矿条件及找矿评价标志 总被引：16，自引：0，他引：16
红土型金矿是８０年代新发现的金矿类型，它可分为初生型和改造型两类。矿床规模大，矿体成层状、似层状和透镜体，产状平缓。矿石呈松散状，品位低，金主要呈次显微状或微粒状的游离自然金存在，其沉淀富集主要发生在地下水流动带。形成红土型金矿的条件为：相对稳定的地质区及地台区，存在含金矿源体，古气候为热带雨林和热带稀树干草原气候，准平原及低山丘陵地貌，找矿评价标志为：发育红土型风化壳是找矿前提，金矿源体存在是找矿基础，化探异常、红土发育区残留的“硅帽”及红土化剖面中的铁质带为重要的找矿标志，网纹状红土下面的高岭土层为矿体顶板的标志层，砂金为指示其上游红土发育区可能存在红土型金矿的标志 相似文献
10.
再论蛇屋山红土型金矿的成因 总被引：10，自引：1，他引：9
蛇屋山金矿是我国第一个大型红土型金矿床。它具有规模大、品位低、易采、易选、经济效益好等特点,是黄金矿业中建设大型露采堆浸场的理想基地。这个矿床的成矿物质来自奥陶系碳酸盐岩硅化破碎带,成矿活动以第四纪化学风化作用为主。在中更新世热带雨林条件下,在岩石的红土化过程中,金从原岩中析出,与风化产生的铁质水溶液一起,沿着红土裂隙向下渗透,停积于地下潜水面,形成似层状矿体。 相似文献
11.
Laterite occurs extensively over the crystalline and sedimentary rocks in the midland and lowland areas of south Kerala, India. Two lateritization cycles are identified in this area. Large, good-quality kaolin deposits, composed mostly of kaolinite, are characteristic of the sedimentary sequence in south Kerala. These deposits were formed on deposition of the weathering materials of the khondalites towards the first cycle of lateritization. After deposition and uplift of the sedimentary rocks, another lateritization cycle affected these, as well as the khondalites during pre-Quaternary times with the formation of a planation surface at 25–125 m above sea level having thick laterite profiles. The laterite profiles over the kaolin deposits show higher concentration of Fe-oxides (mostly in the form of hematite) and titania, compared to their concentration in the kaolins. Higher contents of Cr and Ni are also characteristic of the laterite over kaolin deposits. Recrystallization of the kaolinite, appearance of Al, Fe and Si amorphous phases in the kaolin clays and partial removal of Fe and Ti from them are attributed to the second lateritization cycle. 相似文献
12.
13.
Laterite deposit at Sheikh-Marut(NW Mahabad,West-Azarbaidjan province,Iran) occurred within middle-upper Permian carbonate rocks.It consists of seven stratiform and/or discontinuous lenticular layers extending over 4.2 km in length and having thicknesses ranging from 3 to 14 m.Mineralogical data show that the ores contain kaolinite and hematite as major and boehmite, diaspore,halloysite,amesite,anatase,and muscovite-illite as minor mineral phases.The computed Ce anomaly values in the ores range from 0.05 to 20.84.Conservative index(e.g.,Eu/Eu) suggests that this deposit is a product of alteration and weathering of basaltic rocks.Rhythmic increment ofΣREE values of the ores with approaching to the carbonate bedrocks shows an in-situ occurrence of lateritization processes.Mass change calculations of elements indicate that two competing processes namely leaching and fixation were the major regulating factors in concentration variation of REEs (La-Lu) in this deposit.The obtained results show that pH increase of weathering solutions by carbonate bedrocks,existence of organic matters,and the degree of comlexation with organic ligands played remarkable role in distribution of REEs during lateritization.Further geochemical considerations revealed that secondary phosphates,Mn-oxides and -hydroxides,diaspore,and anatase were the potential hosts for REEs in this deposit. 相似文献
14.
贵州老万场红土型金矿地球化学特征及其成因 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
对贵州西南部晴隆老万场红土型金矿与相关岩石（矿石）和喀斯特红土等进行了常量元素、微量元素和稀土元素地球化学比较研究,阐明了矿床的各类元素的地球化学特征,追溯了矿术的物质来源。研究表明,本类红土型金矿的物质来源是高硅质（石英）、富铁质（黄铁矿等）的富金矿（岩）石;具有Ａｕ－Ａｓ－Ｓｂ－Ｈｇ－Ｔｌ－Ｗ－Ａｇ－Ｂａ的微量元素组合特征,与卡林型金矿十分相似,是原始卡林型金矿风化演化的产物。常量元素和稀土元 相似文献
15.
赣西红土型金矿床地质特征,成矿地质条件和找矿前景分析 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
赣西红土层分布广泛,红土风化壳具有典型的红土剖面特征,红土型金矿主要形成于杂色粘土带中,分为蛇屋山式和大坊式两类。矿体呈线型—面型分布,以层状、似层状、透镜状产出,产状较平缓。矿石构造为土状、花斑状、角砾状,矿床规模小—中型。通过分析红土型金矿构造地貌条件与红土风化壳、含金矿源体、卡林型金矿的关系,认为在萍乐坳陷带中成矿条件较好,含金矿质来源丰富,构造相对稳定,地貌多低山丘陵,对成矿有利。并指出萍乐坳陷带中与卡林型金矿母岩风化有关形成的红土区是寻找红土型金矿最有利的地区,认为赣西红土型金矿具有较好的找矿前景。 相似文献
16.
Concentration of Fe-oxides and alumina in weathering processes are main geological reactions for lateritization and bauxitization, respectively. In western Japan, red-coloured soil formed by weathering processes developed in many places. This soil is composed of hydrous Fe-oxide minerals, hydrous alumina minerals and other minerals. It was formed in the upper part of deep weathering crust by weathering processes under some kind of sub-tropical climate, probably in the Pliocene. One of these occurrences is observed in the upper part of Goshikidai and Konodai, west part of Takamatsu city, northeast Shikoku Island, west Japan. A deep weathering crust is distributed on wide hilly plains ranging from 250 to 400 m a.m.s.l. in the northwestern region of Takamatsu city. Original rock of the weathering crust is bronzite andesite and glassy bronzite andesite, so-called ‘sanukite’. The andesites had been weathered under some special climate, and the geological age of the weathering is the same as above. The mineral assemblage and formation mechanism are similar to those of laterite and bauxite. The weathering crust developing in this region are subdivided into the three following zones: (1) A zone, composed of hydrous Fe-oxides and metahalloysite with small amounts of gibbsite and it is associated with white veins of metahalloysite; (2) B zone, composed of hydrous Fe-oxides and metahalloysite (some material is associated with -cristobalite); and C zone, composed of metahalloysite or halloysite and -cristobalite with relict crystals of feldspar and quartz, and some material is associated with montmorillonite. Chemical analyses of the materials of the three zones show the formation mechanisms of the weathering crust. 相似文献
17.
冀北东坪金矿床深部-外围的构造-蚀变-流体成矿研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
冀北东坪金矿田是我国首次在碱性杂岩体内发现的金矿床,曾被认为是与碱性岩有关的金矿床。近年来年代学数据表明,东坪-后沟一带金矿的赋矿碱性杂岩体形成于海西期,而成矿却主要发生在燕山期。金矿床严格受构造裂隙控制,构造-蚀变-流体成矿作用显著,钾长石化是最重要的蚀变。由未蚀变岩石向矿体和断裂带中心方向,典型的构造-蚀变-矿化分带依次为:0-原岩(二长岩、正长岩)带,I-微斜长石化带,II硅化绢云母化微斜长石岩带,III碎裂微斜长石岩带,及IV断层泥。从0带到III带,Au含量增加,Ag、Cu、Pb、Zn、Mo也略有增加。东坪金矿构造-蚀变-矿化阶段可分为4个:Ⅰ钾长石-石英脉阶段;Ⅱ黄铁矿-白色石英阶段;Ⅲ多金属硫化物-烟灰色石英脉阶段;Ⅳ晚期碳酸盐阶段。深部中段各阶段脉石英的流体包裹体研究表明, 在I、II、III阶段均发育富CO2包裹体。第Ⅰ阶段钾长石石英脉L-V型包裹体均一温度(Th)为220.3~359℃,盐度1.1%~3.1% NaCleqv;H2O-CO2型包裹体Th在346.5~383.5℃。第Ⅱ阶段黄铁矿白色石英脉中L-V型包裹体Th范围是217.2~372.5℃,盐度在1.1%~5.7% NaCleqv;H2O-CO2型包裹体Th在241.2~396.7℃,盐度为2.2%~6.2% NaCleqv。第Ⅲ阶段的烟灰色石英脉中L-V型包裹体Th范围为158.2~350.5℃,盐度在0.7%~5.5% NaCleqv;H2O-CO2型包裹体Th范围在215.2~378℃之间,盐度范围在3.0%~6.0% NaCleqv。第Ⅳ阶段晚期石英脉L-V型包裹体Th范围为151.2~249.8℃,盐度在0.9%~8.3% NaCleqv。矿区外围转枝莲矿段的II阶段白色石英脉中包裹体的Th范围为220~416.2℃,III阶段烟灰色石英脉的Th范围为195.3~425℃。富金石英脉形成于中高温(＞300℃,可达400℃以上)、中深压力(70~160MPa以上)条件下。其成矿背景、热液蚀变、矿物共生组合及流体性质与典型的造山型金矿有一定的差别,归属于"与侵入岩有关的金矿床"更合理。 相似文献
18.
《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》1999,63(23-24):3939-3957
A simple geochemical balance of lateritization processes governing the development of several tens of meters of weathering profiles overlain by ferricretes is estimated on the basis of detailed mineralogical and geochemical data. The lateritic weathering mantle of the “Haut–Mbomou” area in Central Africa is composed of different weathering layers described from the base to the top of vertical profiles as a saprolite, a mottled clay layer, a soft nodular layer, a soft ferricrete, and a ferricrete in which kaolinite, gibbsite, goethite, and hematite occur in various quantities. Incongruent dissolution of kaolinite leads to the formation of gibbsite in the upper saprolite, whereas the hematite does not clearly replace the kaolinite according to an epigene process in the upper ferruginous layers of the profiles. Instead, that kaolinite is also transformed into gibbsite according to an incongruent dissolution under hydrated and reducing conditions induced by a relatively humid climatic pattern. The respective relations of the silica, iron, and aluminum balances and the Al substitution rate of the hematite on the one hand, and of RHG [RHG = 100 (hematite/hematite + goethite)] and the kaolinite on the other hand, to the consumption or the release of protons H+ permit differentiation of aggrading ferruginization and degradation processes operating in the different lateritic weathering profiles. The Al substitution rate of the Fe–oxyhydroxides varies according to the nature of lateritization processes, e.g., saprolitic weathering and aggrading ferruginization vs. degradation. The observations and results indicate that the ferruginization process of the weathering materials of parent rocks is not a simple ongoing process as often thought. This suggests that the actual lateritic weathering mantle of the Haut–Mbomou area may result from different stages of weathering and erosion during climatic changes. 相似文献
19.
Siltstones are unusual rocks. They are mainly made up of quartz. Glacial grinding is considered by some authors to be the main, or even the only, process generating silt. This is supported by: (1) the presence of silt in basal tills from present ice-caps and, above all, (2) by the volumetric importance of Quaternary loess. However, ancient glaciogenic sediments contain only a little silt scattered in the matrix of tillites, or forming thin intercalations in pro- and periglacial deposits. These siltstones represent less than 5% of the total volume of Upper Proterozoic and Upper Ordovician glaciogenic sequences of West Africa. On the other hand, silt is abundant in weathering profiles of tropical, equatorial and mediterranean zones. This silt is generated by splitting of minerals, mainly quartz, inherited from the parent rock. Quartz grains are partly dissolved in situ and their fragments cemented by iron oxi-hydroxides in tropical and equatorial zones and by calcite in mediterranean zones. Silt is particularly abundant in tropical soils, comprising up to 50-75%. Secondary dissolution of the iron or calcite matrix induces disaggregation of these soils and the release of silt which is later reworked and concentrated by wind or running water. Weathering processes, and especially those operating in tropical zones, are the main phenomena generating silt. Glacial grinding would generate only a little silt. A large part of the material of Quaternary loess may be derived from glacially reworked weathering profiles. 相似文献
20.
安徽铜陵狮子山矿田夕卡岩型金矿床的矿物组合、化学成分及成因意义 总被引：19，自引：1，他引：19
包村和朝山金矿床位于安徽铜陵狮子山矿田，属于夕卡型岩金矿床，侵入岩体分别为包村石英闪长岩体和白芒山辉石闪长岩体。通过矿相鉴定和电子探针分析，对矿床中的自然金进行了详细的观察和研究。结果表明，在两个矿床中，金矿物均以独立的自然金颗粒形式产出，且常具有“银边结构”，但在自然金的嵌布方式、载体矿物、形态、大小、金银含量变化和成色等方面表现出显著差别。根据自然金的不同特征，对金矿床的成因进行分类，包村金矿床属于Cu-Au共生，而朝山矿床为Cu-Pb-Zn-Au共生型金矿床。不同矿床不同的金产状主要是由于金的运移、络合物种类、温度、pH和金银络合物活度比值等因素赞成的。此外，包村矿床和朝山矿床在地表均遭受氧化作用形成表生矿床，其表生金成色均明显高于原生金，且成分均一。 相似文献