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1.
辽河东部凹陷走滑构造及其与火山岩分布的关系 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
走滑构造可分为压扭和张扭两类,平面上主干走滑断裂都表现为一条贯通性的走滑构造带,剖面上前者表现为正花状构造(向上撒开的逆断层组),后者表现为负花状构造(向上散开的正断层组)。它们的伴生构造在平面上分别表现为与主干走滑断裂共生的雁列褶皱、雁列逆断层(压扭)和雁列正断层(张扭)。在实际剖面中由于构造应力场的变化还常见由正—负花状构造组合的复合花状构造。在平行于走滑构造带方向,有时断层面倾角会变化,直至倾向相反(丝带效应);走滑断裂带各点所受的应力可从挤压(褶皱)—逆断变为伸展—正断(海豚效应)。走滑断裂在火山岩盆地中普遍发育,是构造—火山作用关系研究的重要方面。研究区走滑断裂系统由贯通性主干走滑断裂和伴生构造两部分组成。主干走滑断裂平面上侧向延伸长,其附近多为与之成锐角相交的雁列正断层组;剖面上同时出现负花状构造和正花状构造,断层面陡倾且有时两侧地层厚度不等。根据雁列构造与主干断层间锐角指示方向和断层切割层位可判别,该区于古近纪主要发育右旋走滑断裂系。火山岩分布明显受走滑断裂带控制,火山喷发中心沿主干断裂呈串珠状分布;火山岩厚度于主干断裂附近最大,向两侧减薄,多终止于次级断裂附近;厚度大于1 km的火山岩距主干断裂通常在2 km范围内。 相似文献
2.
走滑构造体系盆山耦合与区带分析 总被引：35，自引：7，他引：35
走滑构造体系盆山耦合常由于走滑断层弯曲所产生 ,结合油气勘探中盆地—区带—圈闭 3个层次 ,相应地划分为 3类走滑断层 :(1)转换断层为控盆断层 ;(2 )转移断层为控带断层 ;(3)撕裂断层为控藏断层。走滑断层伴生盆地按力学性质可以划分为 :(1)走滑伸展盆地 ;(2 )走滑挤压盆地及 (3)走滑旋转盆地。转移断层可以与裂谷盆地或前陆盆地复合 ,发育断裂互联网络 ,形成雁列褶皱或雁列断块油气区带 ;撕裂断层与低角度正断层或逆冲断层相交时常形成有利圈闭 ,如活板构造等。 相似文献
3.
M盆地位于塔拉斯—费尔干纳(卡拉套)大型走滑断裂最北端,构造特征表明其具有复杂的形成演化过程。笔者从控盆断裂的发育历史出发,分析了盆地发育的构造背景,厘定了盆地类型,进一步研究了盆地演化特征。研究结果表明,控盆断裂受板块构造运动影响,存在早期左行走滑和后期右行走滑;M盆地为早中侏罗世的走滑-拉分盆地,属于走滑-伸展叠瓦扇构造系统。盆地中新生代地质演化大体经历了初始张裂(晚三叠世)、断陷发育(早中侏罗世)、断坳转换(晚侏罗世)、坳陷发育(白垩纪)和萎缩隆起(古近纪)等5个阶段,其中早中侏罗世为盆地断陷伸展、沉积与沉降的主要时期,白垩纪主要为坳陷期。 相似文献
4.
新生代渤海湾盆地为典型的"伸展-走滑"复合盆地, NNW-SSE向伸展作用和NE-SW向走滑作用的复合效应导致盆地内部构造样式的复杂性和多样性。本文针对走滑作用方向与伸展作用方向垂直的情况,就不同"伸展-走滑"复合条件下的断裂发育特征与演化过程开展了3类13组构造物理模拟实验,结果表明:①在先伸展后走滑的条件下,早期发育的伸展断层被晚期走滑断层强烈切割、改造,平面上表现为雁列式组合或主走滑断层,剖面上发育花状构造;②先走滑后伸展的条件下,平面上表现为早期雁列式的R剪切复活,作为晚期伸展正断层的转换断层,剖面上表现为似花状构造;③伸展和走滑同时作用的情况下,伸展与走滑作用的强弱配比关系影响断裂的发育特征,可建立"走滑强于伸展"、"走滑伸展强度相近"和"伸展强于走滑"三类模式。实验结果在辽东湾坳陷得到了印证,可为渤海湾盆地及类似伸展-走滑复合盆地的构造解析及动力成因机制分析提供指导和借鉴。 相似文献
5.
《地学前缘》2017,(4):239-248
黄海盆地研究程度极低,其形成机制一直存在争议。本文通过收集、整理前人的构造资料,对黄海盆地的断裂系统进行重新划分,认为北黄海盆地和南黄海盆地主体断裂均为北北东向右行走滑断裂,控制盆地发育,而这些走滑断层的分支断裂控制着盆地内部的隆坳格局,走滑断层派生出的次一级正断层则以雁列状出现,主体为北东东-近东西向,控制盆地内的凹陷和凸起。黄海盆地及其周边断裂的平面组合及盆地内部凹陷和凸起的展布特征指示该盆地在新生代是在右行右阶走滑断裂体系下形成的拉分盆地。渤海湾盆地和东海陆架盆地等在新生代也具有相同的成因机制,因此,中国东部可能在新生代整体统一的右行张扭性体制下形成了这一系列拉分盆地。 相似文献
6.
《地质科技情报》2015,(6)
以三维地震资料为基础,刻画了辽东湾坳陷东部地区新生代断裂体系平面和剖面发育特征,对以断裂特征为主的构造样式进行了分析,并结合区域动力背景探讨了构造的发育演化与成因机制。结果表明:辽东湾凹陷东部古新世-渐新世的构造主要由NNE向的拉张正断层组成;渐新世时期以走滑构造样式为主,主干断裂附近出现走滑效应产生的增压区和释压区,同时发育似花状构造和多级"Y"字型构造样式,次级断裂多表现为NEE向的雁列状构造样式;新近纪时期断裂体系仍以雁列状断裂为主,发育共轭状剪切破裂以及"背形负花状"构造样式。构造特征体现了研究区新生代走滑构造系统与伸展构造系统的叠加改造过程,可以将辽东湾坳陷东部地区的构造演化阶段划分为古新世-始新世的弱走滑强拉张时期、渐新世的弱拉张强走滑时期以及新近纪的弱挤压弱走滑时期。 相似文献
7.
断裂体系发育特征是辽东湾坳陷东部地区新生代构造演化的重要表现形式,运用丰富的三维地震资料,详细刻画了
研究区断裂体系平面和剖面特征。断裂体系特征分析表明: 研究区古新世-渐新世的断裂体系主要由NNE向的拉张正断层组
成;渐新世时期的断裂体系则表现出走滑断裂的性质,主干断裂附近出现走滑效应产生的增压区和释压区,同时发育似花
状构造和多级“y”字型构造,次级断裂多表现为雁列状的NEE向断裂;新近纪时期断裂体系仍以雁列状断裂为主,发育
共轭状剪切破裂以及“背形负花”状构造。断裂体系的研究明确了研究区新生代走滑构造系统与伸展构造系统的叠加改造
过程,结合研究区构造动力学背景,将辽东湾坳陷东部地区的构造演化阶段划分为古新世-始新世的弱走滑强拉张期、渐
新世的弱拉张强走滑期以及新近纪的弱挤压弱走滑期。 相似文献
8.
利用现今丰富的三维地震资料,将地震剖面解释与相干切片分析相结合,对渤海海域渤南地区断裂发育与盆地结构
进行研究,明确了断裂体系及构造演化特征。结果表明：新生代郯庐断裂渤南段可分为东、中、西三支,并与受郯庐走滑
断裂影响的近EW向、NW向和NE向主干断裂体系共同组成了渤南地区网格状的构造格局;而区域应力背景的改变导致渤
南地区走滑和伸展作用的强弱发生了变化,使得构造演化可划分为左旋走滑-强伸展、右旋走滑-强伸展和弱走滑-弱伸展
三个阶段,第一阶段孔店组~沙四段郯庐断裂东支强烈活动,中支和西支活动微弱,NW向和近EW向大断裂活动形成了黄
河口凹陷和莱州湾凹陷的盆地格局;第二阶段沙三段~东营组走滑断裂三支及其他方向主干断裂均活动,NE向和近EW向
次级断裂开始发育,各盆地持续性伸展断陷;第三阶段馆陶组-明化镇组右旋走滑减弱,郯庐断裂中支和西支发育呈一系
列NE向雁列断层,东支及其他方向主干断裂附近次级小断层继续增多,各盆地转为了整体的坳陷。 相似文献
9.
扭动走滑构造是最常见的构造样式之一,走滑拉分盆地也是重要的含油气盆地类型。大地构造运动本质是岩石圈在区域应力场作用下的变形过程,然而真正将走滑断裂和走滑拉分盆地的成因以及它们的特征和岩石圈性质联系起来研究的文献却很少。显然,区域应力场是形成构造运动的前提条件,是外因,决定了运动的基本方式,如走滑、拉张或挤压等(构造类型);而岩石圈是构造运动的主体,是内因,其性质决定了形成构造的规模和具体形态(样式)。中国境内发育的大量走滑断裂体系和走滑盆地展示:古老克拉通上发育大面积分布的多条小位移走滑断裂体系,如塔里木盆地古生代走滑断裂体系;被后期热活动破坏了的克拉通发育多条扭动断裂系,例如华北克拉通东部的郯庐断裂系、兰聊—盐山断裂系、太行山东麓断裂系,并和区域拉张应力场耦合形成雁列式断陷群(如渤海湾盆地);相对较弱的古生代基底岩石圈发育大型单一走滑断层,如郯庐断裂东北段,并沿断裂发育一些相互独立的走滑拉分盆地;而在固结较差的中新生代造山带往往形成一条平直的大型走滑断层,例如阿尔金走滑断裂、海原断裂等。本文内因外因相结合,从扭动应力场和岩石圈强度以及流变学特征,建立了不同岩石圈性质下下部韧性层和顶部(上地壳或上地壳上部)刚性层之间的耦合作用机制以及扭动构造形成和演化模式,较好地解释了中国陆内发育的典型走滑断裂和走滑拉分盆地的成因机制。 相似文献
10.
弱变形构造带是沉积盆地盖层中客观存在的构造现象,并且与油气聚集关系密切,一般可以通过不同地质单元(次级断层、油藏、圈闭、相带、凹陷、岩体、潜山等)的有规律排列等现象进行识别.为了初步揭示盖层变形带变形强度与油气聚集规模这一问题,首先在渤海湾盆地初步识别出40条盖层变形带,然后应用变盖层厚度和变剪切强度的构造物理模拟实验方法研究基底断裂走滑活动对盆地沉积盖层产生断层的过程.应用SPSS软件,对基底走向滑动量、横向滑动量、实验盖层厚度、雁列缝长度等参数进行了多元二次函数拟合.根据东营凹陷八面河、王家岗地区古近系各时期地层厚度、构造图R剪切长度、实验估算的张扭角度,计算出了各个时期的基底断裂走滑量;在模拟实验各阶段充注染色石油,结合凹陷实例建立了基底断裂走滑早期R剪切单一通道运移-孤立聚集、早中期R剪切主通道运移-雁列串珠状聚集(王家岗)、P剪切主通道运移-断续带状聚集、全通道运移-连续带状聚等成藏模式(八面河);最后指出盖层变形带上的R剪切增压变形段,R、P剪切交汇段是油气勘探有利目标区. 相似文献
11.
Hisashi Taniyama 《Engineering Geology》2011,(3):194
A distinct element method analysis is carried out to examine the development of shear bands in overburden soil subjected to a strike-slip fault. About 2.3 million spherical particles are used in the analysis and the results are compared with the shears observed at the Nojima earthquake fault during the 1995 Hyogoken Nanbu earthquake. En echelon shears and secondary shears which strike at lower angles to the basement fault – typical in strike-slip faults – are observed in the numerical analysis. Simple shear in the horizontal plane and drag due to the dependence of velocity on depth are confirmed to control the helicoidal shape of Riedel shears. Rotation of the compressional direction toward the fault strike as a result of slip along Riedel shears is also verified. It is found that the compressional direction is more horizontal within the area enclosed by Riedel shears than in outside areas and that these compressional directions produce secondary lower-angle shears that are less helicoidal. It is shown that the formation of column-like structures of particles and their subsequent buckling play significant micromechanical roles in three-dimensionally wrenched shears. The results of the numerical analysis, such as shear intervals and striking angles, show a resemblance to observational results at sites where sediment contains coarse grains and is subjected to strike slip with a small dip component, although they are not exactly the same as those observed at locations with similar overburden thicknesses. 相似文献
12.
《Journal of Structural Geology》1986,8(7):737-752
Scaled sandbox experiments were used to generate models for relative ages, dip, strike and three-dimensional shape of faults in basement-controlled wrench faulting. The basic fault sequence runs from early en échelon Riedel shears and splay faults through ‘lower-angle’ shears to P shears. The Riedel shears are concave upwards and define a tulip structure in cross-section. In three dimensions, each Riedel shear has a helicoidal form. The sequence of faults and three-dimensional geometry are rationalized in terms of the prevailing stress field and Coulomb-Mohr theory of shear failure. The stress state in the sedimentary overburden before wrenching begins has a substantial influence on the fault geometries and on the final complexity of the fault zone. With the maximum compressive stress (∂1) initially parallel to the basement fault (transtension), Riedel shears are only slightly en échelon, sub-parallel to the basement fault, steeply dipping with a reduced helicoidal aspect. Conversely, with ∂1 initially perpendicular to the basement fault (transpression), Riedel shears are strongly oblique to the basement fault strike, have lower dips and an exaggerated helicoidal form; the final fault zone is both wide and complex. We find good agreement between the models and both mechanical theory and natural examples of wrench faulting. 相似文献
13.
Nassima Atmaoui Nina Kukowski Bernhard Stöckhert Diethard König 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》2006,95(2):225-238
Typical pull-apart structures were created in scaled clay experiments with a pure strike-slip geometry (Riedel type experiments). A clay slab represents the sedimentary cover above a strike-slip fault in the rigid basement. At an early stage of the development of the deformation zone, synthetic shear fractures (Riedel shears) within the clay slab display dilatational behaviour. With increasing basal displacement the Riedel shears rotate and open further, developing into long, narrow and deep troughs. The shear displacement and the low angle with the prescribed principal basal fault set them apart from tension gashes. At a more evolved stage, synthetic segments (Y-shears) parallel to the basal principal fault develop and accommodate progressive strike-slip deformation. The Y-shears connect the tips of adjacent troughs developed from the earlier Riedel shears, resulting in the typical rhomb-shaped structures characteristic for pull-apart basins. The Strait of Sicily rift zone, with major strike-slip systems being active from the Miocene to the Present, comprises pull-apart basins at different length scales, for which the structural record suggests development by a mechanism similar to that observed in our experiments. 相似文献
14.
15.
小江断裂带有三纪走滑断陷盆地的充填层序特征 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
小江断裂是滇中走滑断裂系中的一条主干断裂，沿断裂带发育了一系列带有明显走滑特征的新生代小型断陷盆地，第三纪含煤地层主要由冲积扇－湖泊、沼泽成因地层层序构成。本在对多个断陷盆地的成因地层、充填序列、沉积体系域等剖析的基础上，讨论了走滑构造背景下断陷盆地的充填层序特征，并指出构造沉降、走滑作用和构造反转对盆地充填起作重要的作用。 相似文献
16.
《Journal of Structural Geology》1986,8(6):597-605
Claybox experiments show that with progressive left-lateral displacement on basal left-stepping, en échelon strike-slip faults an extremely complicated zone of evolving fracture, strain and subsidence patterns develops in the overlying clay. The fracture pattern is more complex than predicted by theoretical models and consists of a progressively widening array of Riedel shears, conjugate Riedel shears, and tension gashes above basal master faults. Conjugate Riedel shears rotate anticlockwise and lengthen, forming S-shaped fractures. Riedel shears rotate both anticlockwise and clockwise. Those that rotate anticlockwise eventually open as tension gashes. Other tension gashes open where the ends of Riedel and conjugate Riedel shears link. Strain contours in the deformed clay show an asymmetrical Z-shaped pattern over the stepover area between basal en échelon faults. In the early stages of displacement, strain is distributed penetratively over a progressively broadening zone. In later stages of displacement strain is partitioned into a narrow middle zone. Maximum strain is sustained always in the middle of the sheared zone and increases exponentially with progressive displacement. Subsidence is accommodated in the stepover area by oblique-slip on many Riedel and conjugate Riedel shears distributed throughout the stepover area. Subsidence (y) exhibits a linear relationship with master fault displacement (x) described by y = 0.36x − 1.4. The experimental fracture, strain and subsidence patterns in clay over en échelon faults can be used as interpretive and predictive tools with which to constrain interpretations of static field examples, especially in pull-apart basins on the crustal scale where many similarities with the models exist. 相似文献
17.
索尔库里盆地的形成,演化及其与阿尔金断裂带的关系研究 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
阿尔金走滑断裂带主要由阿尔金主干断层与和条近于平行的左行走滑断层和斜交断层组成,其空间分布规律可用左行走滑简单剪切模型解释。索尔库里盆地是阿尔金断裂带中一个新生代断陷盆地,属于典型松弛分叉型走滑拉分盆地。索尔库里盆地扩张开始于上新世,至今扩张量约为４０ｋｍ,其扩张速率约为０．８ｃｍ／ａ。按相同的位移速率,本文估算了阿尔金主干断层自始新世晚期以来的走滑量,大约为３２０ｋｍ。 相似文献
18.
The initiation and linkage of surface fractures above a buried strike-slip fault: An experimental approach 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Surface fractures in the overburdened sedimentary rocks, formed above a deep-seated basement fault, often provide important
information about the kinematics of the underlying master fault. It has already been established that these surface fractures
dynamically evolve and link one another with progressive displacement on the master fault below. In the present study, two
different series of riedel-type experiments were carried out with clay analogue models under different boundary conditions
viz., (i) heterogeneous simple shear of the cover rocks above a buried strike slip fault (wrench system) and (ii) heterogeneous
simple shear with a component of shear-normal compression of the overburden package above a basement fault (transpressional
system), to observe the initiation and linkage of surface fractures with varying T′ (where T′ = thickness of the overburden normalized with respect to the width of the master fault). In the wrench system, Riedel (R)
shears were linked by principal displacement (Y) shears at early stages (shear strain of 0.8 to 1) in thin (2 < T′ < 18) models and finally (at a minimum shear strain of 1.4) gave rise to a through-going fault parallel to the basement fault
without development of any other fracture. Conjugate Riedel (R′) shears develop only within the thicker (T′ > 18) clay models at a minimum shear strain of 0.7. With increasing deformation (at a minimum shear strain of 1.2) two R′
shears were joined by an R shear and finally opened up to make a sigmoidal vein with an asymmetry antithetic to the major
fault-movement sense. Under transpression, the results were similar to that of heterogeneous simple shear for layers 2 < T′ < 15. In layers of intermediate thickness (15 < T′ < 25) early formed high angle R shears were cross cut by low angle R shears (at a minimum shear strain of 0.5 and shortening
of 0.028) and “Riedel-within-Riedel” shears were formed within thick (T′ > 25) models (at minimum shear strain of 0.7 and shortening of 0.1), with marked angularity of secondary fault zone with
the master fault at depth. 相似文献
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