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1.
Dr. Miroslav Strida 《GeoJournal》1978,2(1):35-38
The environment has, ins a regional sense, the function of usefulness and the function of housing both being very often contradictory. The prospects of New Towns reduce the occurrence of such conflicts and bring some possibilities for applied-geography-intervention. In the densely populated countries of Central Europe mining, manufacturing, administrative and regional utilization are the main decisive functions in the developing for the origin, localization and prosperity of New Towns. 相似文献
2.
青藏高原东缘民族区域城镇可持续发展研究 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4
青藏高原东缘区域,由于独特的地理环境和多元民族、经济结构的制约,民族宗教文化、民族贸易的超常亲合及资源开发、人居环境的改善是城镇发展的主要动力.低水平、小规模、职能分工不明确、空间分布差异大是城镇发展的主要特征.严酷封闭的地理环境、落后的社会经济发展状态和脆弱的生态环境是主要的障碍因素.因此选择"小规模、多中心、多层次、适当集中"的区域城镇化模式,强化城镇及区域特色产业,优化生态环境,营造城镇与区域协调发展的外部环境,培育中心城镇是城镇可持续发展的关键. 相似文献
3.
Prof. Dr. John W. House 《GeoJournal》1977,1(4):15-24
A paper delivered to the IGU Applied Geography Commission meeting in Warsaw (House 1970) referred to the achievement and opportunity for geographers working on the New Towns of Britain. Much has changed, often for the worse, since that somewhat optimistic assessment of prospects. Widespread and severe economic depression has led to a steady state trend in planning, and to diminished expectations as the result of falling rates of population growth in many western countries. The role of the New Town itself as a planning tool has most recently come under increasingly ciritical review (Ward 1973,Eversley 1975,Hudson andJohnson 1976,McDonald 1976,Lock 1977). For the lack of an overall strategy for the British urban network New Towns have often been developed piecemeal, initially as alternatives to peripheral expansion of particular large cities. Through transfer of overspill populations the New Towns were to help to relieve congestion and deprivation, most notably in the inner city and its surrounding twilight zone. During the 1960s the potential of the New Town as an employment growth point in slow-growth or declining sub-regions received greater planning emphasis. Throughout, the New Town has been regarded as offering a total new living environment, as economically efficient as it was socially desirable. Whilst not denying the considerable achievements of the New Towns it is claimed by many, though opposed by some, that the achievements have been made at the expense of renewal and job provision in the inner city, the older industrial tracts, existing local authorities and deprived social groups in the urban community. British urban policies are currently being reshaped as result, and in this reformulation lie new opportunities for all social scientists, not least for the applied geographer. Such a challenge is indeed all the greater since the contributions by geographers to New Towns research have remained disappointingly limited, alike in theoretical and practical terms. The potential for contribution relates to: the objectives of New Towns; the stages in their designation, planning creation and management; the problems which emerge; and, finally, the wider questions of priority among urban policies. 相似文献
4.
根据《地质文化村（镇）建设工作指南（试行）》《地质文化村（镇）评审授牌和监督管理办法（试行）》和《地质文化村（镇）星级评定标准（试行）》等有关规定,中国地质学会组织了第二批地质文化村（镇）评定工作,经公示和复议,决定授予浙江省湖州市红里山山水平原地质文化村等8个村（镇）三星级地质文化村（镇）,授予天津市蓟州区常州砂岩峰林地貌地质文化村等16个村（镇）挂牌筹建地质文化村（镇）。 相似文献
5.
１９９４年四川省八届人大常委会第九次会议通过的《四川省乡镇集体矿山企业和个体采矿管理条例》,体现了社会主义市场经济的基本原则．明确了省、市（地、州）、县三级地矿行政主管部门的法律地位和职能、职责,强化和完善了采矿权管理制度和矿产资源开发及矿产品运销的监督管理制度,这标志着四川省乡镇矿业管理的法规体系逐渐趋于完备,为乡镇矿业管理创造了良好的行政执法条件。同时给各级地矿部门提出了新的要求,在实施这一条例中,需要引起注意的若干问题,本文也作了探讨。 相似文献
6.
Christopher J. Daughney Matthias Raiber Magali Moreau-Fournier Uwe Morgenstern Rob van der Raaij 《Hydrogeology Journal》2012,20(1):185-200
Baseline monitoring of groundwater quality aims to characterize the ambient condition of the resource and identify spatial or temporal trends. Sites comprising any baseline monitoring network must be selected to provide a representative perspective of groundwater quality across the aquifer(s) of interest. Hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) has been used as a means of assessing the representativeness of a groundwater quality monitoring network, using example datasets from New Zealand. HCA allows New Zealand??s national and regional monitoring networks to be compared in terms of the number of water-quality categories identified in each network, the hydrochemistry at the centroids of these water-quality categories, the proportions of monitoring sites assigned to each water-quality category, and the range of concentrations for each analyte within each water-quality category. Through the HCA approach, the National Groundwater Monitoring Programme (117 sites) is shown to provide a highly representative perspective of groundwater quality across New Zealand, relative to the amalgamated regional monitoring networks operated by 15 different regional authorities (680 sites have sufficient data for inclusion in HCA). This methodology can be applied to evaluate the representativeness of any subset of monitoring sites taken from a larger network. 相似文献
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Corporate knowledge transfer via interlocking directorates: a network analysis approach 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
This paper explores spatial changes to knowledge transfer by Canadian and American corporate networks from 1976 to 1996. Results support facets of a World Cities approach for Canada. Toronto lies at the top of the hierarchy, while Montreal, Calgary, and Vancouver fall into a third tier of specialized regional cities. The American knowledge network also possesses facets of the world cities approach. The world city, New York, lies at the top of the hierarchy. Further down, Chicago is a specialized national city, while a number of regional centers have emerged to play a larger role over the twenty-year study period. A third tier of cities has emerged to play the critical role of specialized regional cities. This geographical phenomenon can be explained in terms of industry, headquarters locations, and network maturity. Finance, insurance and real estate, as well as “other manufacturing” are three sectors of the economy that are prominent in the network. In Canada, these sectors have increasingly centralized in Toronto while decentralizing in the United States. Similarly, the headquarters location of American firms is decentralizing from New York and Chicago, while Canadian headquarters continue to be centralized in Toronto. Finally, results indicate that the potential for knowledge transfer depends upon maturity of the system under investigation. The mature US network with a large pool of qualified business individuals is better suited for knowledge transfer at the regional level. The Canadian network is less developed and not appropriate for regional systems of knowledge transfer. The result is a Canadian corporate knowledge threshold that encompasses the entire country while a number of much smaller corporate knowledge thresholds appear across the United States. 相似文献
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Palaeomagnetic dates for two sites on the Southern Tablelands of New South Wales, at Bunyan and Bredbo, indicate that basal lake sediments and underlying bedrock were ferruginised during the late Tertiary. The dates provide further evidence of a regional episode of intense weathering and ferruginisation in the late Tertiary. 相似文献
11.
Speleothem stable isotope records interpreted within a multi-proxy framework and implications for New Zealand palaeoclimate reconstruction 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Andrew Lorrey Paul Williams Jim Salinger Tim Martin Jonathan Palmer Anthony Fowler Jian-xin Zhao Helen Neil 《Quaternary International》2008,187(1):52
A primary step in the interpretation of speleothem stable isotope records (18O/16O and 13C/12C) is to conduct a comparison with other local palaeoclimate proxies. Here, two new master speleothem δ18O and δ13C records (one from eastern North Island, and the other from western/southern South Island, New Zealand) are evaluated against independent precipitation and temperature proxy information to assess their palaeoclimate reconstruction potential. This comparison also resulted in a serendipitous opportunity to reconstruct past circulation using climate regime classification [Lorrey, A.M., Fowler, A.M., Salinger, J., 2007a. Regional climate regime classification as a qualitative tool for interpreting multi-proxy palaeoclimate data spatial patterns: a New Zealand case study. Palaeo-3, in press], specifically because these two regional climate districts are hyper-sensitive to westerly circulation changes, and in many cases, exhibit contrasting climate character in response to circulation anomalies.For both the western South Island and the eastern North Island master speleothem δ13C records, variations tracked changes in relative regional precipitation. The δ18O master speleothem record for both regions varied with temperature change. Both records contain strong regional climate signals that suggest they have good value for palaeoclimate reconstruction. The ensuing attempt at a multi-proxy reconstruction of regional climate regimes from the compiled proxies indicates past circulation in the New Zealand sector has varied considerably during the past four millennia. Centennial-scale circulation changes for the past 4000 years are evident, and are analogous to modern Blocking, Zonal and Trough regime types [Kidson J. W., 2000. An analysis of New Zealand synoptic types and their use in defining weather regimes. International Journal of Climatology 20, 299–316] that characterise changes in present-day (prevailing) westerly circulation. This palaeoclimate reconstruction indicates modern regional climate regime classification can be extended at least as far back as the temporal coverage of the records presented here, and it can likely be improved on with better dating control and the addition of new records with higher resolution. It is also anticipated that future work will expand to include more proxy data from across New Zealand to improve the clarity of past climate regime occurrence for the Late Holocene. 相似文献
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14.
《Journal of Structural Geology》2004,26(6-7):995-1005
The Southern Alps of New Zealand is an active oblique collisional mountain belt with extensive regional tectonically driven fluid flow. There is no evidence for igneous activity, and fluids consist of varying proportions of meteoric water and mid-crustal fluid derived from dehydration reactions. Fluid flow is controlled by fracture porosity, particularly in damage zones along faults and fault intersections. Gold and arsenic bearing veins exposed at the surface indicate two principal zones of gold mineralisation at depth. One of these is in the highest mountains, near to, but not in the region of maximum uplift. Deformation is dominated by reverse faulting, but some normal and strike-slip faults occur as well. The other zone of gold mineralisation is at and near the intersection of regional oblique dextral reverse faults and regional strike-slip faults. Both zones are characterised by small discontinuous vein systems, locally accompanied by ankeritic alteration of host rock. Veins occur in extensional and shear veins, and in dilational jogs with implosion breccias. Gold mineralisation occurred at many structural levels between the brittle–ductile transition and the near-surface region. The Southern Alps hydrothermal system represents an active roof zone to a mesothermal gold deposition system at depth. As such, this is a modern analogue for mesothermal gold terranes elsewhere in New Zealand and around the world. Observations on the regional distribution of fluid flow in active orogens can give insights into fluid flow at depth where gold mineralisation is occurring now. Comparison of these observations with ancient gold-bearing belts allows construction of three-dimensional concepts of orogenic fluid flow and gold mineralisation. 相似文献
15.
Ralph Fyfe 《第四纪科学杂志》2007,22(6):571-578
New and existing pollen data from Wales, UK, are used to assess the level of landscape openness at the regional and local scale. At the regional scale, the existing pollen data support the high‐forest model of vegetation structure by 6000 cal. yr. BC prior to any palynological signal for anthropogenic impact in the region. New data from two sites in southwest Wales follow the general regional pattern of early to middle Holocene vegetation succession, but are striking owing to maintenance of high non‐arboreal pollen percentages (NAPs) throughout the mid‐Holocene. It is argued that these NAPs indicate that a significant degree of openness can be found at the local level (and beyond the confines of the peat‐forming site) within regions characterised by closed woodland. It is possible that woodland development in these areas may have been suppressed by reduced drainage, although the role of grazing animals in maintenance of clearings cannot be assessed. Implications for this local degree of openness are discussed, in particular the significance of vegetation heterogeneity at the local scale for the construction of place or locale for prehistoric communities. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
16.
《Applied Geochemistry》2001,16(11-12):1361-1368
Due to rapid urbanisation and scarcity of land, most of the urban parks and recreational areas in Hong Kong are built close to major roads or industrial areas, where they are subject to many potential pollution sources, including vehicle exhaust and industrial emissions. An extensive soil survey was conducted in urban parks of Hong Kong to study the current conditions of heavy metals contamination in soils. Soil samples and associated street dusts were collected from more than 60 parks and public amenity areas in old urban districts, industrial areas and New Towns of the territory. Soils were also sampled in the remote country parks to establish the baseline conditions. The total concentrations of heavy metals and major elements in the samples were determined. The results indicate that urban soils in Hong Kong have elevated concentrations of Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn. The parks with high metal concentrations are located in old urban commercial districts and industrial areas, indicating that the major contamination sources in these soils are traffic emissions and industrial activities. In addition, the application of Cd containing phosphate fertilizers may be an important source of Cd in urban park soils. The street dusts have highly elevated Zn concentration, particularly along the main trunk roads. The high Zn content in the street dusts may come from traffic sources, especially vehicle tyres. Selective soil and road dust samples were also analysed for potential chemical speciation by a sequential chemical extraction method. The chemical partitioning results show that Pb and Zn are mainly in the carbonate/adsorbed and Fe–Mn oxide phases, while Cu is largely associated with the organic and sulphide fractions. The high exchangeable Cd in urban soils and high concentration of Zn in street dusts need further investigation for their ecological and health implications. 相似文献
17.
A. G. Olfer’ev V. N. Beniamovski V. S. Vishnevskaya A. V. Ivanov L. F. Kopaevich M. N. Ovechkina E. M. Pervushov V. B. Sel’tser E. M. Tesakova V. M. Kharitonov E. A. Shcherbinina 《Stratigraphy and Geological Correlation》2008,16(3):267-294
Problems of geochronological correlation are considered for the formations established in the study region with due account for data on the Mezino-Lapshinovka, Lokh and Teplovka sections studied earlier on the northwest of the Saratov region. New paleontological data are used to define more precisely stratigraphic ranges of some stratigraphic subdivisions, to consider correlation between standard and local zones established for different groups of fossils, and to suggest how the Upper Cretaceous regional scale of the East European platform can be improved. Considered in addition are paleogeographic environments in the study region during the Late Cretaceous epoch and principal stages of the regional geological evolution. 相似文献
18.
Unlike most tropical Pacific islands, which lie along island arcs or hotspot chains, the Loyalty Islands between New Caledonia and Vanuatu owe their existence and morphology to the uplift of pre-existing atolls on the flexural forebulge of the New Hebrides Trench. The configuration and topography of each island is a function of distance from the crest of the uplifted forebulge. Both Maré and Lifou are fully emergent paleoatolls upon which ancient barrier reefs form highstanding annular ridges that enclose interior plateaus representing paleolagoon floors, whereas the partially emergent Ouvea paleoatoll rim flanks a drowned remnant lagoon. Emergent paleoshoreline features exposed by island uplift include paleoreef flats constructed as ancient fringing reefs built to past low tide levels and emergent tidal notches incised at past high tide levels. Present paleoshoreline elevations record uplift rates of the islands since last-interglacial and mid-Holocene highstands in global and regional sea levels, respectively, and paleoreef stratigraphy reflects net Quaternary island emergence. The empirical uplift rates vary in harmony with theoretical uplift rates inferred from the different positions of the islands in transit across the trench forebulge at the trench subduction rate. The Loyalty Islands provide a case study of island environments controlled primarily by neotectonics. 相似文献
19.
Bryan Shuman Jennifer Bravo Jonathan Kaye Jason A Lynch Paige Newby Thompson Webb III 《Quaternary Research》2001,56(3)
Sediment cores collected along a transect in Crooked Pond, southeastern Massachusetts, provide evidence of water-level changes between 15,000 cal yr B.P. and present. The extent of fine-grained, detrital, organic accumulation in the basin, inferred from sediment and pollen stratigraphies, varied over time and indicates low water levels between 11,200 and 8000 cal yr B.P. and from ca. 5300 to 3200 cal yr B.P. This history is consistent with the paleohydrology records from nearby Makepeace Cedar Swamp and other sites from New England and eastern Canada and with temporal patterns of regional changes in effective soil moisture inferred from pollen data. The similarities among these records indicate that (1) regional conditions were drier than today when white pine (Pinus strobus) grew abundantly in southern New England (11,200 to 9500 cal yr B.P.); (2) higher moisture levels existed between 8000 and 5500 cal yr B.P., possibly caused by increased meridonal circulation as the influence of the Laurentide ice sheet waned; and (3) drier conditions possibly contributed to the regional decline in hemlock (Tsuga) abundances at 5300 cal yr B.P. Although sea-level rise may have been an influence, moist climatic conditions during the late Holocene were the primary reason for a dramatic rise in water-table elevations. 相似文献
20.
Locational components of urban and regional public policy in postwar Vietnam: The case of Ho Chi Minh city (Saigon) 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Ho Chi Minh city is a primate city in which wartime dislocations have resulted in severely overcrowded conditions as well as a shrunken economic base. The new government has opted for a policy based on the rapid decanting of a large proportion of the urban population by encouraging internal migration to New Economic Zones in the hinterlands. This policy is based on a hierarchial administrative structure with agricultural productivity as its prime goal. A Green Belt policy has been articulated that uses the New Economic Zones as building blocks. The Green Belts constrain urban growth as well as provide foodstuff for the remaining urban residents. The ultimate objective of the overall policy is a balanced urban and regional environment that is in tune with Vietnam's agricultural economy. 相似文献