共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
针对一种基于图像处理的岩体结构面迹线半自动检测的方法进行了研究。该法的基本思路是在图像中人工指定少量难以正确识别的主要裂隙控制点,然后将图像一分为二,分别对二者进行边缘检测,得到两张包含结构面迹线和伪边缘的分段线图片,之后根据距离、角度原则分别对两张图片中的分段线进行迭代连接,最终将检测结果叠加,得到完整裂隙迹线检测结果。该法将主要裂隙与次要裂隙区域分开处理,能够更好地减少二者之间的干扰,所以能够更好地保证主次裂隙识别的完整性与正确性,因而具有更高的精确性。 相似文献
2.
Yuzhu Wang Christoph H. Arns Sheik S. Rahman Ji-Youn Arns 《Mathematical Geosciences》2018,50(7):781-799
The three-dimensional high-resolution imaging of rock samples is the basis for pore-scale characterization of reservoirs. Micro X-ray computed tomography (µ-CT) is considered the most direct means of obtaining the three-dimensional inner structure of porous media without deconstruction. The micrometer resolution of µ-CT, however, limits its application in the detection of small structures such as nanochannels, which are critical for fluid transportation. An effective strategy for solving this problem is applying numerical reconstruction methods to improve the resolution of the µ-CT images. In this paper, a convolutional neural network reconstruction method is introduced to reconstruct high-resolution porous structures based on low-resolution µ-CT images and high-resolution scanning electron microscope (SEM) images. The proposed method involves four steps. First, a three-dimensional low-resolution tomographic image of a rock sample is obtained by µ-CT scanning. Next, one or more sections in the rock sample are selected for scanning by SEM to obtain high-resolution two-dimensional images. The high-resolution segmented SEM images and their corresponding low-resolution µ-CT slices are then applied to train a convolutional neural network (CNN) model. Finally, the trained CNN model is used to reconstruct the entire low-resolution three-dimensional µ-CT image. Because the SEM images are segmented and have a higher resolution than the µ-CT image, this algorithm integrates the super-resolution and segmentation processes. The input data are low-resolution µ-CT images, and the output data are high-resolution segmented porous structures. The experimental results show that the proposed method can achieve state-of-the-art performance. 相似文献
3.
利用人工神经网络方法检测地震剖面同相轴 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
在地震勘探中,经过各种处理后最终得到用于解释的地震剖面实际上都可以看作是一些图像。这样,就可以从图像处理的观点来看问题,图像的特征有边缘和区域,那么,地震反射同相轴在地震剖面图像上,可以看作是一边缘。人工神经网络是近年来发展起来的一种新技术,它可以进行二维图像的边缘检测,基于这一点,把神经网络边缘检测技术应用到地震剖面上来检测地震反射界面,压制地震剖面上的随机干扰,从而改善地震图像的质量,达到提高地震资料信噪比和分辨率的目的。运用该技术对实际剖面进行了处理,效果很好,证明了方法的可行性和有效性。 相似文献
4.
地球物理方法探测活动断层效果和方法最佳组合分析 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
采用综合地球物理方法对长春市的已知断层进行探测实践,表明不同的地球物理方法解决不同问题,并具有不同的效果。例如重磁方法、联合剖面方法可以缩小活动断层的研究范围;探地雷达、浅层地震、高密度电法等方法在研究活动断层的剖面形态中具有很好的作用,而且探地雷达、高分辨率地震能够提供断层的时间等信息,为活动性探测提供依据。针对研究实例分析了综合地球物理方法在活动断层中的组合方法,为开展活动断层的研究提供借鉴。 相似文献
5.
This paper presents the development and utilisation of an automated image processing algorithm for detection and analysis
of grains. Using optical polarising microscopy, a set of colored images are collected from an area on a thin section. A filtering
operation, using rotation of a morphological alternating sequence filter (based on a structuring element), is used to remove
twinning features within individual grains. Filtering is followed by the watershed segmentation technique to determine grain
boundaries. The method is used for the identification of calcite grains in marble and the subsequent analysis of morphological
anisotropy. 相似文献
6.
Detection of changes in synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images is an important challenge due to the effects of speckle noise on these images. In recent years, appropriate methods for SAR-based-change detection have been developed based on the level set methods (LSM). These methods need to set parameters for defining a proper initial contour. Moreover, the gradient information is only employed in the total energy of these methods for segmentation of the difference image. In this study, a novel method has been proposed for unsupervised change detection of multitemporal SAR images based on the improved fast level set method (IFLSM) initialized with a combination of k-means and Otsu techniques. The proposed method utilizes the discrete wavelet transform (DWT) fusion strategy and edge enhancement to achieve a noise-resistant difference image from the mean-ratio and log-ratio images. Afterward, the generated binary change map (CM) by applying a combination of k-means and Otsu techniques on the difference image is used as the initial contour to achieve a final CM on difference image using the IFLSM. To check advantages of the proposed method, experiments are applied on two sets of multitemporal SAR images corresponding to artificial Chitgar Lake (under reconstruction) in Tehran (Iran) taken by TerraSAR-X satellite in 2011 and 2012, and corresponding to San Pablo and Briones reservoirs in California (USA) acquired by ERS-2 satellite in 2003 and 2004. Results of proposed method were compared with results of some well-known unsupervised change detection methods. Experimental results prove the sufficiency of the proposed method in unsupervised change detection in terms of accuracy, implementation time, and computational complexity. 相似文献
7.
Nico Valentini Alessandra Saponieri Matteo Gianluca Molfetta Leonardo Damiani 《Earth Science Informatics》2017,10(4):495-506
Video systems have become widely used all around the world in coastal monitoring strategies, allowing both high temporal and spatial sampling frequency, with low logistic and costs efforts. The present paper deals with a new tool for coastal images processing, aimed at the automatic shoreline detection and data analysis. The tool is composed by a shoreline detection routine implemented in a web-application, addressed at images processing (i.e. shoreline extraction and geo-rectification), data analysis and sharing results about beach actual state and shore evolution in quasi-real time. The Shoreline Detection Model (SDM) is based on a new algorithm, implementing image-processing procedures, which allows extracting the sea/land boundary from automatic segmented Timex images. The SDM calibration and validation has been performed on different coastal images derived from a video monitoring system installed at Alimini (Lecce, IT) in 2005, by comparing automatic shoreline contours with the manual detected ones. Moreover, in December 2015, new video monitoring systems were installed in South Italy (Porto Cesareo and Torre Canne, Apulia region), at sandy beaches affected by erosion phenomena. The application of the SDM on images recorded by the new systems has allowed testing the model feasibility at sites characterized by different morphological features and geographical exposition. The present describes in detail the SDM algorithm and the image processing procedures used. The results of the model calibration and validation performed at Alimini and the tests performed at Porto Cesareo on first images are reported. 相似文献
8.
形状约束的Snake算法在探地雷达图像目标自动提取中的应用 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
对探地雷达图像进行处理，提取目标的精确轮廓，从而正确估计出地下管线的管径、埋深等参数是自动定位的关键技术。考虑到地下管线的回波形状是已知的，理论上为双曲线，作者采用加入形状约束的改进Snake算法（Active Contour Model)对探地雷达图像进行目标提取，并对其在实用中不稳定的特点，做了进一步改进。对于Snake算法的初始包络自动提取，作者在文中也提出了一种新的方法。实验结果表明本方法迅速可靠，已应用于实际的探地雷达中。 相似文献
9.
针对无人机遥感影像的特点,提出了一种基于特征点和重叠度的快速自动拼接算法.该算法实现了用于计算参考图像和待配准图像之间重叠度的相位相关法,并提出只在重叠区域中进行特征提取和特征匹配的方法.利用岷江流域无人机遥感图像进行了实验,结果表明,该算法使图像拼接有效地防止了图像非重叠区域中信息对算法的干扰,提高了拼接算法的精度和速度.并利用拼接的图像对茂县至都江堰的岷江主干河流进行了灾害信息提取和统计分析,为建立无人机高分辨率低空遥感数据的快速处理和应急灾害信息提取具有重要的指导意义. 相似文献
10.
透明工作面是煤矿智能开采的重要组成部分,为智能开采提供工作面的详细地质构造信息,提出一种基于孔间地震密集动态探测的透明工作面方法,能够实现工作面的渐进式精细探测。该方法是以采煤机为震源的随采地震方法的进一步发展,主要利用平行于切眼的一系列水平孔对工作面进行细分探测,随着采煤工作的逐渐推进,利用孔间地震方法对细分区域进行精细成像。与已有的随采地震方法比较,本方法具有明显的优点。首先,射线覆盖更加均匀且无盲区。第二,探测区域被细分所以探测精度更高。第三,因为利用地震干涉的"虚"震源方法能得到高信噪比的单炮,可进一步提高探测精度。该方法能够适应智能开采透明工作面的目标要求,有望成为智能开采的重要组成部分。 相似文献
11.
航摄影像因含有丰富的地理信息而成为实用的可视化产品和决策工具。通常需要将多幅航摄影像沿镶嵌线拼接才能覆盖研究区域,因此如何选取最优航摄影像镶嵌线具有研究意义。本文提出了一种新颖的航摄影像镶嵌线选取方法。首先构造一种指数化互相关方法,高质量地表达航摄影像重叠对应区域的错位程度;其次优化Dijkstra算法,在重叠区找出错位差异最小的路径作为航摄影像镶嵌线;最后使用两组来自城市和城镇区域的航摄影像将本文方法与相关方法进行对比,结果表明使用本文方法获取的镶嵌线穿越更少的独立地物且用时更短。 相似文献
12.
Mohammad Saleh Vahdatpour Hedieh Sajedi Farzad Ramezani 《Earth Science Informatics》2018,11(3):413-422
Air pollution is one of the most important problems in the new era. Detecting the level of air pollution from an image taken by a camera can be informative for the people who are not aware of exact air pollution level be declared daily by some organizations like municipalities. In this paper, we propose a method to predict the level of the air pollution of a location by taking an image by a camera of a smart phone then processing it. We collected an image dataset from city of Tehran. Afterward, we proposed two methods for estimation of level of air pollution. In the first method, the images are preprocessed and then Gabor transform is used to extract features from the images. At the end, two shallow classification methods are employed to model and predict the level of air pollution. In the second proposed method, a Convolutional Neural Network(CNN) is designed to receive a sky image as an input and result a level of air pollution. Some experiments have been done to evaluate the proposed method. The results show that the proposed 9 method has an acceptable accuracy in detection of the air pollution level. Our deep classifier achieved accuracy about 59.38% which is 10 about 6% higher than traditional combination of feature extraction and classification methods. 相似文献
13.
管道机器人探测能快速、准确和直观地识别管道结构性和功能性隐患,受管道内环境限制,探测的图像存在光照不均、对比度低和细节模糊等问题。为此,提出了一种管道机器人探测图像的增强技术。首先采用限制对比度自适应直方图均化（Contrast Limited Adaptive Histogram Equali-zation,CLAHE）和同态滤波（Homomorphic Filtering,HF）处理光照不均匀和对比度低的问题,并将2种方法结果进行融合。而后将融合的图像进行非下采样轮廓波变换（Nonsubsampled Contourlet Transform,NSCT）,并采用改进的Bayes-Shrink阈值对高频系数进行噪声去除。最后采用非线性映射函数对细节进行增强,并进行NSCT逆变换得到最终增强图像。选取5幅典型管道机器人探测图像进行增强处理,并与4种常见的图像增强技术进行对比。结果表明,基于图像融合和改进阈值的管道机器人探测图像增强技术可有效提高图像的整体和局部对比度,并有效增强图像的细节,能有效解决管道机器人探测图像存在的主要问题。 相似文献
14.
The chicken-and-egg problem of machine vision is that (a) abstracting objects requires images to be segmented, (b) segmentation requires greyscale statistics, (c) greyscale statistics are defined by segmented regions, and this leads back to (a). New image structures called gradient runs and gradient polygons are presented. These lead to new types of three-dimensional histograms.The histogram of a whole image mixes histograms from different regions within the image. These regions and their histrograms may need separating. Global histrograms can be used for preliminary segmentations. These then generate new historagms of the statistics for more coherent locally structured regions. These ideas have used to binarise documents for automated document reading systems, and they may be developed in the desingn of machine vision systems for other areas of application. 相似文献
15.
为有效解决传统遥感图像变化检测预处理复杂的问题,提出一种基于随机补片和DeepLabV3+的建筑物遥感图像变化检测方法。以ResNet50特征提取网络为基础,创建DeepLabV3+语义分割网络,并在图像和标签中创建大小为224像素×224像素的随机补片作为网络输入,训练建筑物提取网络;修改建筑物提取网络输入层为6通道,通过矩阵运算将两期遥感图像转换为一幅6通道非RGB图像,利用转换后的非RGB图像进行网络训练并验证变化检测精度。实验1利用ENVI5.3软件,采用马氏距离法进行变化检测;实验2采用改进的U-Net网络和随机补片,完成网络训练和精度验证;实验3使用实验2的训练数据和验证数据,采用随机补片和DeepLabV3+网络进行变化检测网络训练及精度验证。实验结果表明,该方法实验1、实验2、实验3建筑物变化检测平均交并比分别为24.43%、83.14%、89.90%,边界轮廓匹配分数分别为61.47%,80.24%、96.51%。 相似文献
16.
Crystal size distributions (CSDs) are a standard method of describing populations of crystals within magmatic rocks. Olivine
is the dominant phase in kimberlite (∼40–50% by volume) and features a diverse range of sizes, shapes and origins. CSDs of
olivine provide a logical means of semi-quantitatively characterising kimberlite. The CSDs can then be used to distinguish
or correlate between kimberlite bodies or to investigate processes related to ascent, emplacement and eruption. In this paper,
we present an automatic image analysis technique that provides efficient quantification of olivine CSDs within digital images
of polished slabs of kimberlite. This technique relies on a combination of algorithms for detecting regions of interest (ROI)
and for segmentation of ROIs in order to identify individual olivine crystals that are used for size distribution datasets.
The detection process identifies regions expected to be olivine using a model-based colour detection technique using Mahalanobis
distance combined with texture analysis based on local standard deviation and greyscale foreground enhancement techniques.
The segmentation process separates adjacent domains to identify individual crystals using an iterative marker-based watershed
algorithm to separate adjoined structures of varying sizes. We demonstrate the utility of automatic image analysis by comparing
CSDs for olivine derived from this method versus results from manual digitisation of olivine grains. The automatic detection
system correctly identified ∼86% of the manually detected olivine domains; ∼88% of the automatically detected regions correctly
correlate to manually defined olivine grains. Discrepancies between the two methods are mostly the result of oversimplification
of crystal margins (i.e. rounding) by manual tracing whereas automatic boundary recognition shows clear advantages in identifying
irregularities in crystal edges. Closer examination of the results shows that both methods suffer from under-representation
of smaller crystals due to: (1) human subjectivity and error in manual tracing and (2) noise removal processes in automatic
detection. Automatic detection of olivine grains is much more efficient than conventional manual tracing; manual detection
requires ∼6 h per sample versus ∼1 min for automatic analysis of the same sample. 相似文献
17.
MT阻抗张量的正则分解和参数重建 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对大地电磁（ＭＴ）阻抗张量正则分解的基本理论进行了阐述,重建了物理意义明确的参数体系。通过理论推导和等价性讨论,说明新参数与传统的坐标轴旋转法参数之间的对应关系,使这一数据处理方法能够成为用于大地电磁测深的实用技术。 相似文献
18.
应用集成的遥感识别技术进行土地利用变化分析 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
以厦门市为研究区域,以1988-1998年为时间跨度,利用Landsat5TM遥感数据开展土地覆盖变化识别中多种遥感数据处理方法的集成应用研究。以后分类比较法的结果为基础,运用改进的差值法定义的"变化"目标进行修正,将两种方法有机集成综合地确定土地覆盖变化。根据变化前与变化后覆盖不同但土地利用方式相同或类似的原则进行合并处理,最后得到厦门市10年间土地利用结构变化各种成因类型及其数量。结果表明,10年间厦门市因城市化引起的土地覆盖变化为590．83km2,变化强度为31.14％,引起厦门市土地利用结构发生变化主要有 8种成因机制类型,面积达351.99km2,变化强度为18.55％。 相似文献
19.
基于典型相关分析的遥感影像变化检测 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
多通道遥感影像由于通道之间相关性的影响,相对于单通道影像的变化检测更为困难,因此需要有效的集中分布在各个通道上的变化信息,构造出不同时相之间的差异影像,以便于变化信息的分析解译。针对多通道变化信息集中的难点和通道之间相关性的影响难以消除的问题,引入多元统计分析中的典型相关分析方法,将2个时相的多通道遥感影像示作2组多元随机变量,采用多元变化检测变换,对多个波谱通道上的所有差异信息或变化信息进行重组,分配到一组互不相关的结果变量中,最大限度地消除通道间的相关性对变化检测的不利影响,初步解决了差异影像构造的问题。 相似文献
20.
颗粒形状是影响碎石料密实特性及力学、渗流特性的因素之一。选取粒径为2～5 mm和5～10 mm的两组灰岩碎石颗粒样本作为研究对象,采用影像测量仪和特制夹具,获取不同旋转角度下的颗粒轮廓影像;使用图形处理软件获得颗粒几何尺寸测值;计算获得各旋转角度下常用颗粒形状评定参数值,运用其平均值进行统计分析,避免了依据单一角度测值评定伴随的人为因素影响。结果表明,灰岩碎石颗粒与标准圆有较大差异, 且粒径大者差异性更明显;两组样本颗粒形状参数均服从偏态分布;长宽比、扁平度和球形度能够更敏感地反映颗粒偏离球形颗粒的程度,而长宽比和球形度便于获取,因而更具优势。 相似文献