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《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2015,(Z1)
<正>近年来已有大量研究表明地幔部分熔融、岩浆演化等地质过程均会导致Fe同位素发生显著分馏。然而,一些重要含Fe矿物如磁铁矿、钛铁矿的Fe同位素数据缺乏,导致基性岩浆分离结晶过程中Fe同位素的分馏程度及分馏机制的研究非常薄弱。因此,我们选择峨眉山大火成岩省内带白马层状岩体为研究对象,通过分析岩石和其中主要含Fe矿物(磁铁矿、钛铁矿、橄榄石、单斜辉石)的Fe同位素组成,探讨基性岩浆演化过程中矿物间Fe同位素分馏的规律、机制及控制因素及其对成岩、成矿的制约。 相似文献
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橄榄石标型特征及其找矿意义 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
通过国内２０个含铬铁矿、铜镍矿和饥钛磁铁矿的基性、超基性岩体中６８个橄榄石化学成分、产出状态、地球化学特征、有序度和岩浆包裹体橄榄石子矿物、温度、压力等标型特征研究显示，产于不同矿化基性、超基性岩中橄榄石的标型特征明显不同，为找寻铬铁矿、铜镍矿和钒钛磁铁矿矿产提供重要标志。 相似文献
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普昌钛铁矿位于普昌基性岩体中部,含矿岩性主要为中粒辉长岩,主要金属矿物为钛磁铁矿、钛铁矿、磁黄铁矿等.目前发现矿体十几条,长几米至几十米不等,铁矿石332+333资源量达中型,TiO2资源量达中型,伴生V2O5资源量达小型规模.成因上,岩浆侵入过程中,节理裂隙及矿物颗粒间隙形成较有利容矿空间,岩浆连续多次侵入并分异, Fe3O4、TiO2、V2O5等有益成份在容矿空间中,形成浸染状或块状构造矿石.地球物理上,多处磁异常与地表出露磁铁矿体分布一致,推测为矿致异常.地球化学特征上,普昌岩体发育以Ti,Cu,Co为主成矿元素综合异常体,异常元素平面上呈面型展布,分布范围大,强度高,浓度分带清晰,说明该区具良好成矿潜力. 相似文献
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紫阳县朱溪河钛磁铁矿区分布着北西向碱基性岩脉群,钛磁铁矿体多产于规模大、分异好的辉绿岩体中部暗色相带内,与围岩呈渐变过渡关系,产状与含矿岩体产状基本一致。矿石自然类型为浸染状钛磁铁矿,矿石工业类型为需选弱磁钛磁铁矿石,矿床成因类型为岩浆晚期分异型。大比例尺磁法测量磁异常能较好的反映成矿信息。 相似文献
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《矿物岩石地球化学通报》2016,(1)
本文旨在探究安徽铜陵鸡冠山辉石闪长岩中角闪石堆积岩的岩相学和矿物学特征及其地质意义。岩相学研究表明,钛铁磁铁矿和磷灰石早于角闪石结晶并被角闪石包裹形成包含结构,钛铁矿与磁铁矿以固溶体分离结构共存。矿物学分析显示角闪石为具幔源特征的镁绿钙闪石和韭闪石,钛铁磁铁矿中磁铁矿Ti含量极低。地质温压计计算得出角闪石的形成压力为0.70~0.76 GPa,相当于23~25km深度,形成温度为890~975℃;钛铁矿与磁铁矿固溶体分离的平衡温度为501~613℃。综合已有研究及本次分析表明,鸡冠山角闪石堆积岩是由下地壳深位岩浆房中由底侵的碱性玄武岩浆与下地壳发生同化混染作用形成的中基性岩浆结晶分异形成,而钛铁磁铁矿的平衡是随上述的中基性岩浆侵位到地表浅部逐渐冷却在固相线下达到的,角闪石堆积岩记录了鸡冠山岩体的形成过程。 相似文献
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攀枝花岩体钛铁矿成分特征及其成因意义 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
峨眉大火成岩省是全球最大的钒钛磁铁矿床聚集区,攀枝花岩体是其中的典型代表。根据岩性特点,攀枝花岩体主体可划分为上、中、下三个岩相带,其中中部岩相带和下部岩相带岩性旋回非常发育,每个旋回从下向上铁钛氧化物和暗色硅酸盐矿物逐渐减少,块状铁钛氧化物矿石或磁铁矿辉长岩都出现在每个旋回的底部和下部。然而,尽管钛铁矿固相线以下固溶体出溶远弱于磁铁矿,从而能更好地保留成因信息,但其成分变化的成因意义没有受到足够重视。本次研究发现作为主要金属氧化物之一的钛铁矿的成分不仅在不同岩性中有明显差异,同时,中、下部岩相带的各岩性旋回中钛铁矿成分也具有周期性变化。例如,块状矿石中钛铁矿具有最高的MgO和TiO2及最低的FeO、Fe2O3和MnO,而辉长岩中钛铁矿则具有相反的成分特征。同时,钛铁矿的MgO含量与磁铁矿的MgO含量及橄榄石的Fo牌号具有显著的正相关关系。这种规律性变化说明每个旋回可以代表一次比较明显的岩浆补充,每次新岩浆补充后,钛铁矿和磁铁矿及橄榄石都是结晶较早的矿物。与Skaergaard岩体相比,攀枝花岩体钛铁矿的MgO含量较高,表明攀枝花岩体分离结晶过程中铁钛氧化物结晶较早;与挪威Tellnes斜长岩套铁钛矿床中的钛铁矿相比,攀枝花岩体的钛铁矿不仅具有较高的MgO和FeO,还具有极高的TiO2和MnO,但Fe2O3却很低,说明地幔柱背景下形成的钛铁矿与斜长岩套中钛铁矿的成分有显著的区别。 相似文献
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云南牟定二台坡岩体中钪的发现及其意义 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
二台坡岩体赋存低品位小型铁矿床,然其伴生稀贵金属元素钪已达特大型矿床工业指标。钪主要赋存于磁铁辉石岩相及含杆辉岩相中,载体矿物是钛磁铁矿、钛普通辉石及钛铁矿。钪是岩浆早期结晶分异、熔离的产物。元谋牟定地区是找矿远景区。 相似文献
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南海北部琼东南盆地西区乐东-陵水凹陷梅山组海底扇是当前天然气勘探重点领域,通过研究其岩石类型、轻/重矿物与地球化学特征,判断沉积源区性质,为储层评价及预测提供地质基础.结果表明:岩性以细砂岩为主,发育粉、中-粗砂岩,岩石类型为石英砂岩、岩屑石英砂岩、长石岩屑砂岩,重矿物组合表现为磁铁矿+锆石+电气石+白钛矿;由于发育高铁镁质矿物及粘土矿物,泥岩较砂岩SiO2含量明显低,Fe2O3、MgO、CaO、K2O含量与稀土总量偏高.说明源区富石英、贫钾长石且含有大量粘土矿物,主要为石英质沉积源区,局部为中性火成岩源区,且经历了低-中等程度的风化作用,是再循环沉积而成. 相似文献
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The thorium and rare-earth element (Th-REE) deposit at Morro do Ferro formed under supergene lateritic weathering conditions. The ore body consists of shallow NW-SE elongated argillaceous lenses that extend from the top of the hill downwards along its south-eastern slope. The deposit is capped by a network of magnetite layers which protected the underlying highly weathered, argillaceous host rock from excessive erosion. The surrounding country rocks comprise a sequence of subvolcanic phonolite intrusions that have been strongly altered by hydrothermal and supergene processes.From petrological, mineralogical and geochemical studies, and mass balance calculations, it is inferred that the highly weathered host rock was originally carbonatitic in composition, initially enriched in Th and REEs compared to the surrounding silicate rocks. The intrusion of the carbonatite caused fenitic alteration in the surrounding phonolites, consisting of early potassic alteration followed by a vein-type Th-REE mineralization with associated fluorite, carbonate, pyrite and zircon. Subsequent weathering has completely decomposed the carbonatite forming a residual supergene enrichment of Th and REEs.Initial weathering of the carbonatite has created a chemical environment that might have been conductive to carbonate and phosphate complexing of the REEs in groundwaters. This may have appreciably restricted the dissolution of primary REE phases. Strongly oxidic weathering has resulted in a fractionation between Ce and the other light rare earth elements (LREEs). Ce3+ is oxidized to Ce4+ and retained together with Th by secondary mineral formation (cerianite, thorianite), and by adsorption on poorly crystalline iron- and aluminium-hydroxides. In contrast, the trivalent LREEs are retained to a lesser degree and are thus more available for secondary mineral formation (Nd-lanthanite) and adsorption at greater depths down the weathering column. Seasonally controlled fluctuations of recharge waters into the weathering column may help to explain the observed repetition of Th-Ce enriched zones underlain by trivalent LREE enriched zones. 相似文献
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The Nkout deposit is part of an emerging iron ore province in West and Central Africa. The deposit is an oxide facies iron formation comprising fresh magnetite banded iron formation (BIF) at depth, which weathers and oxidises towards the surface forming caps of high grade hematite/martite–goethite ores. The mineral species, compositions, mineral associations, and liberation have been studied using automated mineralogy (QEMSCAN®) combined with whole rock geochemistry, mineral chemistry and mineralogical techniques. Drill cores (saprolitic, lateritic, BIF), grab and outcrop samples were studied and divided into 4 main groups based on whole rock Fe content and a weathering index. The groups are; enriched material (EM), weathered magnetite itabirite (WMI), transitional magnetite itabirite (TMI) and magnetite itabirite (MI). The main iron minerals are the iron oxides (magnetite, hematite, and goethite) and chamosite. The iron oxides are closely associated in the high grade cap and liberation of them individually is poor. Liberation increases when they are grouped together as iron oxides. Chamosite significantly lowers the liberation of the iron oxides. Automated mineralogy by QEMSCAN® (or other similar techniques) can distinguish between Fe oxides if set up and calibrated carefully using the backscattered electron signal. Electron beam techniques have the advantage over other quantitative mineralogy techniques of being able to determine mineral chemical variants of ore and gangue minerals, although reflected light optical microscopy remains the most sensitive method of distinguishing closely related iron oxide minerals. Both optical and electron beam automated mineralogical methods have distinct advantages over quantitative XRD in that they can determine mineral associations, liberation, amorphous phases and trace phases. 相似文献
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The Pilot Knob magnetite deposit is located in southeast Missouri within the 1380–1480 Ma St. Francois Mountains terrane rhyolitic/trachytic volcanic rocks. The deposit is tabular, dips about 45°, and is sill-like in nature, being approximately parallel to the bedding in the host tuffs. The deposit was uncovered by erosion and exposed to weathering in the late Proterozoic, and is overlain in angular unconformity by the Cambrian Lamotte Sandstone. This Proterozoic weathering cycle apparently had little effect on the deposit with only the updip edge being converted to hematite. Textural and mineralogical features of the deposit suggest a combined magmatic and hydrothermal replacement origin. The magnetite-rich ores that make up the bulk of the deposit are interpreted as having crystallized from an iron-rich magma, and a surrounding envelope of lower- to moderate-grade ores where magnetite has clearly replaced the tuffaceous host rocks are interpreted as hydrothermal in origin. After the development of the higher-grade magnetite ores and the envelope of lower- to moderate-grade ores, late hydrothermal minerals were deposited as cross-cutting veins and breccia fill. The two most abundant minerals in the higher-grade portions of the deposit are magnetite and albitic plagioclase, and petrologically the higher-grade ores could be described as a magnetite sodic syenite. The most abundant gangue mineral within the lower-grade impregnated envelope of ores around the higher-grade ores is K-feldspar, apparently relict from the rhyolites/trachytes. Thin lenses within the higher-grade ores contain calcite as a matrix mineral to the magnetite and are considered to indicate carbonatitic affinity. Rare earth elements are elevated in one of five whole rock chemical analyses of the ores and the REE-bearing mineral ferriallanite has been identified. Minor portions of the deposit, below the Proterozoic weathering cap, consist of high-grade hematite ores having equilibrium textures. At depth, the deposit is intruded by the Shepherd Mountain gabbro, a 120 m thick, near-horizontal dike, which resulted in minor contact metamorphism of the ore. 相似文献
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缅甸达贡山风化壳型硅酸镍矿床 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
矿床产于超基性岩顶部的风化壳硅镁镍矿层中,超基性岩方辉橄榄岩是成矿母岩和矿体直接载体。矿石为硅酸镍氧化矿石,镍以类质同象存在于硅酸盐矿物中。具有典型的风化壳型硅酸镍矿床特点。 相似文献
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岩体化学风化的非连续性及其科学意义 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
岩体化学风化在空间上具有高度的非连续性,这种非连续性广泛存在于从宏观、细观到微观的所有尺度。宏观结构面是化学风化最主要的发生场所;风化岩体内,新鲜岩块被沿结构面内法线方向发育的腐蚀带包围,呈斑点状分散于腐岩中。微缝等细观损伤普遍存在于各类岩石中;化学风化从岩块内不同空间位置的水力有效空隙向三维空间扩展,决定了细观尺度上化学风化的非连续性。矿物溶解是在晶体中具有过剩表面能的缺陷位置优先发生的,因而具有显著的微观非连续性。由于非连续特性,化学风化可增大水岩界面,提升矿物溶解反应的规模及速率。通过对既有损伤的扩展及在损伤空间堆积残余物,化学风化具有分离—裂化岩体、岩块及造岩矿物的重要作用,这种作用可使以新鲜岩石为主的岩体大规模脱离母岩,而堆积于坡脚的岩石块体在化学风化的继续作用下,可裂解为更小的岩屑或矿物碎屑,为向水体搬运创造条件,从而极大地促进斜坡夷平及地貌重塑进程。 相似文献