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1.
ADCP measurements of suspended sediment flux at the entrance to Jiaozhou Bay, western Yellow Sea 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
The purpose of the present contribution is to explore the technique to use Acoustic Doppler Current Pro- filers （ADCPs） for suspended sediment flux measurements, which may be applied to coastal embayment environments such as estuaries and tidal inlets for sediment exchange and budget studies. Based on tidal cycle measurements from the entrance of ]iaozhou Bay, Shandong Peninsula, eastern China, statistical rela- tionships between the suspended sediment concentration （SSC） and ADCP echo intensity output are estab- lished. Echo intensity data obtained during an ADCP survey along two cross-sections during a spring tidal phase were transformed into SSC data. The ADCP current velocity and SSC data were then used to calculate the flux of fine-grained sediment. The results show that net sediment transport at the entrance is directed towards the open sea, with an order of magnitude of 103 t per spring tidal cycle; hence, although Jiaozhou Bay is a low SSC environment, the tidally induced suspended sediment transport can be intense. 相似文献
2.
3.
黄河口悬浮泥沙时空动态及其驱动机制 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
受径流输沙、风浪、潮汐等影响,河口近岸海域悬浮泥沙具有显著的时空变化。本文基于小时分辨率的GOCI遥感影像,利用最优遥感反演算法,结合空间分析和统计方法,深入研究黄河口及邻近海域悬沙时空动态特征及驱动机制。结果表明,径流输沙对悬沙浓度的影响以河口近岸区为主,高径流输沙对悬沙浓度分布影响可达距岸约20 km,并向孤东近岸方向扩散。大风可引起清水沟老河口区泥沙强烈再悬浮,形成高浓度悬沙区。涨落潮对小时尺度的悬沙浓度影响显著,并影响悬沙的南北扩散。大潮悬沙浓度变化和扩散范围均大于小潮,潮流流速不同是造成该差异的主要原因。水深与悬沙浓度之间存在较明显的负相关关系,根据不同驱动因素的差异,悬沙浓度随着水深的增加呈现出指数型、幂函数型、线性3种关系。 相似文献
4.
Wim van Leussen 《Geo-Marine Letters》1991,11(3-4):119-126
The behavior of fine-grained sediment transport under tidal action is reviewed. Erosion/sediment cycles are the characteristic
features, indicating the suspended sediment concentration is primarily governed by local phenomena. The long-term transports
cannot be understood without insight into the strongly variable short-term transports. The distribution of fine-grained sediment
deposits within an estuary and the properties of the top layer of the bed are essential. The amount of fine-grained sediment
in the bottom, potentially available for resuspension under specific conditions, can vary enormously within an estuary. Accurate
fine-grained sediment transport predictions often fail because of insufficient knowledge of this factor. 相似文献
5.
长江口悬沙动力特征与输运模式 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
本项研究用ADCP在长江河口进行高频、高分辨率三维流速和声学浊度的定点观测,通过对定点站位潮周期内的悬沙浓度、流速和盐度的分析,计算悬沙输运率;悬沙输运机制分析表明平流作用、斯托克斯漂移效应在悬沙输运中占据主导地位.此外,从河口内向河口外,潮周期内的水动力特征与悬沙净输运具有明显的地域性差异,主要表现在悬沙输送的贡献因子、盐度的垂向混合和分布特征、垂向流速等方面.在拦门沙下游和口外地区,悬沙均向西、北方向输送,而拦门沙上游则向东、南方向输送.这种悬沙输运格局,对于长江口拦门沙及附近最大浑浊带的形成有着重要的作用. 相似文献
6.
在充分认识传统沉降筒缺陷的基础上提出了"大型可温控自动搅拌沉降试验筒"。通过室内系列试验发现:(1)含沙量对长江口细颗粒沉降速度影响最大;(2)温度上升,沉速增加,但不同阶段影响程度有所不同;(3)含沙量越高,盐度对沉速的影响越小,含沙量相同情况下,长江口北槽悬沙枯季水温下盐度对沉速的影响在1.8~5.7倍左右;洪季水温下盐度对沉速的影响在1.5~2.2倍左右。(4)枯季最佳絮凝盐度在7左右,最佳絮凝含沙量为7 kg/m3;洪季最佳絮凝盐度在10~12左右,最佳絮凝含沙量为4.5kg/m3。本研究成果可望加深我们对细颗粒泥沙动力过程相关机理的认识,同时可为相关港口、航道的淤积机理分析,数学模型、物理模型研究工作提供一定技术参考。 相似文献
7.
K. L. Priya 《Ocean Science Journal》2018,53(3):449-459
Settling velocity is one of the important parameters in sediment transport modeling of estuaries. The methods adopted for its determination vary from theoretical equations to experimental methods. The theoretical equation generally adopted in the 1DV model include assumptions in order to simplify the solution. It is generally assumed that either the condition is steady or the vertical diffusion is negligible. This study evaluated the relative importance of the two assumptions made for the estimation of settling velocity. Two approaches were adopted: unsteady and negligible vertical diffusion (NS-NVD) and steady with vertical diffusion (S-VD) to estimate the settling velocity. The Muthupet Estuary in the Coromandal coast of India was selected for the study. The S-VD approach estimated settling velocity fairly well at the two locations with appreciable vertical diffusion. The NS-NVD approach was observed to be superior for estimating settling velocity at shallow reaches of the estuary having low flow velocity. The calculated settling velocity was further applied in 1DV model to predict the suspended sediment concentration. The S-VD approach predicted suspended sediment concentration at those locations with appreciable vertical diffusion with an R2 value of 0.82 against 0.67 for the NS-NVD approach. At the other shallow reach of the estuary with low flow velocity, the NS-NVD approach gave an R2 value of 0.822 against 0.71 for the S-VD approach. The vertical diffusion was observed to play a secondary role at those locations which are shallow with a water depth of 0.6 m and with a low flow velocity of the order of 0.01 m/s. The study demonstrated that localized hydrodynamic conditions influence the method adopted for the estimation of settling velocity. 相似文献
8.
A laboratory system was used to test the effect of water flow on the resuspension of mud and sand sediments and, specifically, benthic diatoms from the Ems estuary, The Netherlands. Current velocities generated by two rotating cylinders in a cylindrical tank were determined by a small float and a laser Doppler velocimeter. At low angular velocities, the amount of suspended matter increased linearly with angular velocity and the float current velocity. However, at higher angular velocities, the increase in current velocity was less because of the strong turbulence: concomitantly, the current velocity boundary layer (δ) became thinner and the suspended matter concentration increased rapidly. The dominant diatom species from the sandy sediment were suspended in two distinct groups, one of which consisted of the species Navicula aequorea, Navicula salinicola, Ophephora martyi and Opephora pacifica, and was more exclusively bound to sand grains than the other. The benthic diatom species inhabiting the silty sediment did not show this difference. The most important shortcoming in the experiments was the inability to determine the radial and vertical velocity components. This precluded reliable calculations of the shear stress. The data presented emphasize the importance of finding a method to determine the shear stress under experiments and field conditions so that direct comparisons can be made. Despite this it is assumed that, just as under the experimental conditions discussed, under natural conditions in shallow waters resuspension starts at current velocities as low as ca. 10 cm s−1. 相似文献
9.
长江口枯季悬沙粒度与浓度之间的关系 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
2003和2004年枯季在长江口采集水样并作水文观测，对所获水样进行过滤和粒度分析，以计算悬沙浓度和悬沙粒度分布。结果表明，2003年11月小潮期间，悬沙中值粒径与悬沙浓度存在着显著的指数关系，在大潮期间没有显著关系；在2004年2月小湖期间，两者之间没有显著关系，但在大潮期间存在着显著的指数关系。枯季水体悬沙以粉砂组份为主，并且随着向口外的推移，细颗粒组份逐渐增加，但在拦门沙最大浑浊带附近，由于絮凝作用，沉积物粒度变幅较大，可产生粒径粗化的现象。小潮期间，砂含量较低，但与悬沙浓度之间有显著相关关系；大潮期间，悬沙粒径粗化，但砂含量与悬沙浓度之间的关系不显著。上述分布趋势与沉积物来源、当地的水动力条件和絮凝作用等因素有密切关系。 相似文献
10.
Particle size of suspended matter in estuaries 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
D. Eisma 《Geo-Marine Letters》1991,11(3-4):147-153
Suspended matter usually flocculates into fragile flocs that break up during sampling and analysis. Coulter counter and pipette
size analysis are therefore an indication of floc strength. Grain-size distributions (after removal of organic matter) give
an indication of the relative amount of grains transported as flocs (as opposed to being transported as single particles).In situ size distributions of suspended matter (flocs) in the Scheldt and Rhine estuaries and the Gironde, as well as results from
the Zaire River estuary, indicated that salt flocculation does not appear to be of importance for the formation ofin situ flocs. Also there is no clear relation with particle concentration. In estuaries probably no equilibrium between floc size
and concentration is reached because of the rapid variations in turbulence and bottom shear. In the Zaire estuary a decrease
in turbulence in the surface water results in flocs of the same size as differential settling over a depth of more than 100
meters. 相似文献
11.
The transport pathways of fine sediments (fraction <2 μm) along the Brazilian continental shelf from Ceará to the Amazon River
mouth were studied by means of clay mineral analyses. On the continental shelf southeast of the Amazon mouth, fluctuations
in clay mineral compositions reflect simple mixing between the suspended load of the North Brazil Current and sediment from
several smaller rivers. Previously, clay mineral variations west of the Amazon mouth have been explained by variable settling
velocities of different grain-size classes within the <2 μm fraction or by selective coagulation of individual clay mineral
groups. By contrast, our experiments with river bank samples show that selective coagulation does not occur in Amazon River
sediments. A more appropriate explanation for observed variations in clay mineral composition off the Amazon mouth seems to
be, similarly to that for the shelf between Ceará and the Amazon mouth, a mixing of Amazon sediments with suspended material
of the North Brazil Current. This interpretation is supported by data on clay mineral composition east and south of the Amazon
mouth, showing more affinity to sediments of the North Brazil Current than to the suspended load of the Amazon River. Additionally,
relatively low sedimentation rates and low concentrations of fine-grained sediments on the shelf suggest that high riverine
input by the Amazon River does not overprint the sediments of the North Brazil Current in this region. The strong North Brazil
Current shunts the Amazon suspended load in a north-westerly direction along the north-eastern coast of South America. Hence,
stronger sedimentation of Amazon sediments would occur only west of the river mouth. 相似文献
12.
Numerical experiments were carried out to evaluate the physical effects of upwelling/downwelling on the suspended sediment
concentration (SSC) on continental shelves. The results show that (1) because the upwelling or downwelling velocity tends
to be of the same order of magnitude as the settling velocity of suspended sediment, various SSC distribution patterns are
possible, depending on the relative importance of the velocities; (2) the presence of upwelling can enhance the SSC; and (3)
in an upwelling/downwelling system, maximum concentrations may be situated in the middle of the water column, if the settling
velocity is larger than the upwelling velocity. Hence, the physical processes associated with upwelling/downwelling are relevant
to the SSC distribution observed over the mud patch near Cheju Island, East China Sea. Furthermore, a qualitative analysis
indicates that the presence of upwelling/downwelling in the overlying water column increases the accumulation rate at the
seabed. 相似文献
13.
Numerical experiments were carried out to evaluate the physical effects of upwelling/downwelling on the suspended sediment concentration (SSC) on continental shelves. The results show that (1) because the upwelling or downwelling velocity tends to be of the same order of magnitude as the settling velocity of suspended sediment, various SSC distribution patterns are possible, depending on the relative importance of the velocities; (2) the presence of upwelling can enhance the SSC; and (3) in an upwelling/downwelling system, maximum concentrations may be situated in the middle of the water column, if the settling velocity is larger than the upwelling velocity. Hence, the physical processes associated with upwelling/downwelling are relevant to the SSC distribution observed over the mud patch near Cheju Island, East China Sea. Furthermore, a qualitative analysis indicates that the presence of upwelling/downwelling in the overlying water column increases the accumulation rate at the seabed. 相似文献
14.
河口作为陆海相互作用的关键带,是河流入海泥沙及污染物的主要归宿地。钦江作为广西第二大河流,在茅尾海资源开发利用和生态环境保护与修复中发挥着重要作用。为进一步认识钦江河口地区的沉积动力过程,2021年10月27日至12月8日在此展开水动力和水体环境要素的连续观测。现场观测与分析结果表明,观测期间钦江河口潮汐类型为正规全日潮,浅水分潮显著,平均潮差为3.07 m,具有落潮优势;潮流以全日分潮流为主导,平均流速为0.12 m/s,运动形式主要为往复流;余流流向主要为西南方向。钦江河口潮汐和潮流性质较外湾和茅尾海中部海域全日潮特征更显著。枯季期间河口表层沉积物随潮汐运动表现为侵蚀-沉降交替的变化规律,垂向上侵蚀通量大于沉降通量,水平方向上悬沙净向海输运。冷空气过境带来的降雨使得钦江河口水体盐度降低、浊度增大,悬沙浓度及输沙量增加,同时冷空气南下时北风增强引起钦江河口减水效应并使潮差略有增加,水动力强度增大,增加表层沉积物的活动性,从而引起底部沉积物再悬浮强度和频率增加。 相似文献
15.
长江入海泥沙是中国东部陆架海沉积物的主要来源之一。本文基于MODIS-Aqua卫星的遥感资料并结合实测悬浮体浓度,建立了基于颗粒物后向散射系数的悬浮体浓度的反演方法,获取了2002—2017年长江口海域的表层悬浮体浓度分布,并分析其在潮周期、季节内以及年际等不同时间尺度下的变化特征。结果表明,在潮周期内,长江口122.3°E以西海域表层悬浮体浓度大潮高于小潮,落潮大于涨潮,高潮大于低潮;在季节尺度内.6—8月表层悬浮体浓度逐渐增加。而122.3°E以东海域,则出现相反的情况;长江口122.3°E以西海域的夏季平均表层悬浮体浓度年际变化明显,主要受长江入海水沙量年际变化的影响。长江口122.3°E以东海域表层悬浮体浓度的年际变化几乎不受长江入海泥沙的影响。风向对悬浮体浓度的扩散具有显著的作用,南风有利于高浓度悬浮体向外海扩散,东风则抑制扩展。 相似文献
16.
鸭绿江河口地区沉积物特征及悬沙输送 总被引：13，自引：1，他引：13
根据鸭绿江河口区4个站位的潮周期测量数据和3个柱状样的粒度数据，对悬沙的输送规律以及口门地区最大浑浊带的形成机制、悬沙输送方向以及物质来源和动力条件进行了分析。计算分析表明，鸭绿江是一条落潮流占优势的河流，平均流作用、斯托克斯漂移效应以及水深与悬沙浓度的潮变化引起的悬沙输送是其河口区最主要的悬沙输送机制。3个柱状样粒度参数自东向西的变化反映了鸭绿江辽口西侧沿岸地区动力条件和沉积环境的变化：沉积物的平均粒径变小，分选变差，并且更正偏，物源的多元化特征逐渐增强。物源和河口区沿岸沉积动力环境的差异以及潮相的周期变化使3个柱状样中的环境敏感粒度组分对应着不同的粒径分布区间。 相似文献
17.
1Introduction The sediment dynamics of intertidal flats in-volves erosion, transport, and settling processes. A-mong these, the mechanisms of sediment transportare a key question. Progress has been made in awide range of associated areas, including sedime… 相似文献
18.
Morphology, hydrography and sediment dynamics in a mangrove estuary: The Konkoure Estuary, Guinea 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The Konkouré Estuary in the Republic of Guinea is a poorly understood atypical mangrove system. Sediment dynamics in tropical estuaries are controlled by a combination of processes including river discharge, morphology, salinity, erosion and deposition processes, the settling of mud, physico-chemical processes and mangrove swamps. Here we present a consistent set of data aimed at characterising the estuary and thus, increasing our understanding of tropical systems, as well as studying the impact of human intervention in the region. Water elevations, current measurements, salinity, suspended sediment concentrations, bathymetry and sediment cover are presented following a 3 year survey of the Konkouré Estuary. Here we provide conclusive evidence that the Lower Konkouré is a shallow, funnel shaped, mesotidal, mangrove-fringed, tide dominated estuary, well mixed during low river discharge. The estuary becomes stratified during high river flows and spring tides whereas a salt wedge appears during neap tides. The Konkouré Estuary has been described as hypersynchronous, and has three terminal outlets, two of which are landward-directed, attesting to a tidal pumping effect, while the third one is seaward-directed, and is controlled by the mangrove. The suspended matter is transported by the tidal effect within the middle estuary and is therefore trapped in the Turbidity Maximum zone (TMZ). The location of the TMZ is river-controlled and is correlated with residual currents but not with salinity front. A dam, constructed 130 km upstream, impacts on the hydrodynamics, and reduces the salinity intrusion by about 25%. It causes an increased low river discharge whereas its efficiency over high river flows is unclear. 相似文献
19.
《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2003,56(3-4):641-653
In situ benthic flux measurements, pore water nutrient profiles, water column nutrient distributions, sediment grain size distributions and side-scan sonar observations suggest that advective transport of pore waters may be a major input pathway of nutrients into the Satilla River Estuary (coastal Georgia, USA). In situ benthic chamber incubations demonstrate the occurrence of highly variable, but occasionally very large sea floor fluxes of silicate, phosphate, and ammonium. Locally occurring benthic microbial mineralization of organic matter, as estimated by S35-sulphate reduction rate measurements, is insufficient to support these large fluxes. We hypothesize that the observed interlayering of permeable, sandy sediments with fine-grained, organic-rich sediments in the estuary provides conduits for advective transport of pore water constituents out of the sediments. Because permeable layers may extend significant distances beneath the salt marsh, the large fluxes observed may be supported by remineralization occurring over large areas adjacent to the estuary. Advective transport may be induced by pressure gradients generated by a variety of processes, including landward recharge by meteoric or rain waters if sand layers extend far enough into the maritime coastal lands. Alternatively, tidal variations across the salt marsh sediment surface may hydraulically pump water through the sediment system. Because these fluxes appear to be concentrated into small layers, this source may be a significant input of nutrients to the estuary even if permeable, sandy layers comprise a very small proportion of the seabed. 相似文献
20.
Under conditions common in muddy coastal and estuarine environments, acoustic Doppler velocimeters (ADVs) can serve to estimate sediment settling velocity (w s) by assuming a balance between upward turbulent Reynolds flux and downward gravitational settling. Advantages of this method include simple instrument deployment, lack of flow disturbance, and relative insensitivity to biofouling and water column stratification. Although this method is being used with increasing frequency in coastal and estuarine environments, to date it has received little direct ground truthing. This study compared in situ estimates of w s inferred by a 5-MHz ADV to independent in situ observations from a high-definition video settling column over the course of a flood tide in the bottom boundary layer of the York River estuary, Virginia, USA. The ADV-based measurements were found to agree with those of the settling column when the current speed at about 40 cm above the bed was greater than about 20 cm/s. This corresponded to periods when the estimated magnitude of the settling term in the suspended sediment continuity equation was four or more times larger than the time rate of change of concentration. For ADV observations restricted to these conditions, ADV-based estimates of w s (mean 0.48±0.04 mm/s) were highly consistent with those observed by the settling column (mean 0.45±0.02 mm/s). However, the ADV-based method for estimating w s was sensitive to the prescribed concentration of the non-settling washload, C wash. In an objective operational definition, C wash can be set equal to the lowest suspended solids concentration observed around slack water. 相似文献