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1.
在地理信息系统(GIS)与遥感(RS)技术支持下,以贵州省2000年、2005年和2010年3个时期的Landsat TM遥感影像、日降雨数据、DEM数据和土壤等数据为基础,根据修正土壤流失方程式(RUSLE)计算分析了贵州省近10 a来生态系统土壤保持功能时空分布格局及变化特征。研究表明,2000年~2010年间,现实侵蚀模数分别为1 320.34 t·km-2·a-1、1 255.76 t·km-2·a-1和854.23 t·km-2·a-1,森林生态系统土壤保持量降低了0.89×108 t·a-1,农田生态系统土壤保持量降低了2.82×108 t·a-1,草地生态系统土壤保持量降低了0.28×108 t·a-1,果园生态系统土壤保持量降低了0.04×108 t·a-1,湿地生态系统土壤保持量降低了0.09×108 t·a-1。  相似文献   

2.
黄土高原典型区土壤保持服务效应研究   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
黄土高原生态屏障区是我国"两屏三带"的重要组成部分,不仅对当地居民具有重要的屏障作用,同时也对黄河中下游具有重要的影响。本研究以土壤侵蚀量为评估指标,应用修正的通用土壤流失方程,利用2000—2010年间土地覆被、气象站点和泥沙站点等多源数据,定量评估了黄土高原生态屏障区退耕还林还草生态工程的土壤保持效应。结果表明,2000—2010年间,尽管黄土高原降雨量明显增多,降雨侵蚀力在增强,但研究区以退耕还草为主,退耕还草面积达到3 287. 01 km2,研究区植被覆盖在以1. 29%/a速率递增;土壤侵蚀状况发生明显改善,土壤侵蚀模数由2000年的6 579. 55 t·km-2·a-1降低到了2010年的1 986. 66 t·km-2·a-1,土壤侵蚀等级由剧烈侵蚀向微度侵蚀转变,侵蚀等级在逐渐降低,低覆盖度-烈度土壤侵蚀面积在大幅度降低,而高覆盖度-微度土壤侵蚀类型面积在大幅度提升;并且流域土壤侵蚀强度与相关站点含沙量和输沙量呈正相关,黄土高原生态屏障效应在不断加强。该研究对加强生态安全格局建设,促进我国生态文明建设具有一定的借鉴意义。  相似文献   

3.
基于修正的土壤流失方程(RUSLE),运用RS和GIS技术对葫芦岛市的土壤侵蚀状况进行分析。结果表明,葫芦岛市年均土壤侵蚀量17 867 598.32 t,年均土壤侵蚀模数为16.13 t/(hm2×a),属于轻度侵蚀。葫芦岛市中度侵蚀以上的土壤侵蚀面积占总侵蚀面积的11.31%,土壤侵蚀模数占总侵蚀量的40.17%。中度侵蚀以下的土壤侵蚀面积占总侵蚀面积的88.96%,土壤侵蚀量占总侵蚀量的59.83%,研究区土壤侵蚀空间差异性大。分析土壤侵蚀与坡度和土地利用之间的关系表明,6°~25°为研究区主要侵蚀坡度段,裸土地、旱地、林地和草地是研究区土壤侵蚀的主要发生区,葫芦岛市应将其列为水土保持重点治理对象,采取有效措施,改善土壤侵蚀现状。  相似文献   

4.
综合应用137Cs技术、RS技术和GIS技术,进行云南小江流域土壤侵蚀的评估和预测研究,探索中国西部山区观测资料缺乏、USLE(Universal Soil Loss Equation)方程不适宜区域土壤侵蚀评估与预测方法。通过137Cs技术,采用非农耕地与农耕地土壤侵蚀模型确定区内林地、灌丛、草地、坡耕地和裸地的年均侵蚀模数分别为356—1531 t/(km2·a),330—1709 t/(km2·a),886—3885 t/(km2·a),5197—12454 t/(km2·a)和15000 t/(km2·a)以上。解译小江流域1987年(Landsat TM)、1995年(Landsat TM)和2005年(Landsat ETM)遥感影像,获得流域不同时期土地利用图,将其与1∶50000 DEM模型进行叠置分析,建立小江流域土地利用的空间分布图,结合利用137Cs确定的土壤侵蚀速率数据,进行土壤侵蚀分区与制图,分析土壤侵蚀的时空变化。结果表明:1987年—2005年流域轻度以上侵蚀面积占总面积的66.0%—67.3%,变化不大,但侵蚀强度明显加剧,1987年—1995年间尤为明显;中度侵蚀、强度侵蚀、极强度侵蚀区面积分别增加30%、23%和26%;小江流域1987年、1995年和2005年土壤侵蚀量分别为7.51×106t/a,8.19×106t/a和8.18×106t/a。进而选用1995年和2005年的土壤侵蚀数据构建Markov-CA(马尔可夫—元胞自动机)预测模型,获得2015年流域土壤侵蚀分区图,并预测2015年土壤侵蚀量为8.17×106t,与2005年侵蚀量接近。研究结果真实地反映了小江流域土壤侵蚀的变化过程与主要驱动因子,研究方法适合中国西部山区土壤侵蚀评估与预测。  相似文献   

5.
长江上游小流域土壤侵蚀动态模拟与分析   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
以长江上游甘肃省尚沟流域为研究区,在遥感影像和GIS空间分析技术支撑下,根据USLE因子算法生成各因子栅格图,借助地图代数运算,估算了尚沟流域1998年和2004年的土壤侵蚀量,并对2004年土壤侵蚀与其环境背景因子进行叠加和空间统计分析。在此基础上,构建了与GIS软件平台集成的地理元胞自动机,模拟了该流域2004年、2010年和2020年土壤侵蚀空间演化情形。结果表明:研究区平均侵蚀量从1998年的6598.1t/km2下降到2004年的5923.3t/km2,侵蚀面积净减少172.3hm2,输沙量减少9.15×104t;1300~1400m的海拔高程带、25~35°坡度带、南坡和旱耕地是发生水土流失的主要区域;经模拟,2010年总侵蚀面积为93.49km2,侵蚀总量73.15×104t,侵蚀模数为5126t/km2,土壤侵蚀状况总体上将有所减缓。  相似文献   

6.
基于遥感和GIS的宣化县水土流失定量空间特征分析   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
以遥感和GIS技术为支撑,利用通用的土壤流失方程(USLE)的修正模型(RUSLE)定量评估宣化县2000年的水土流失量和土壤侵蚀强度,并对宣化县水土流失空间分布特征进行了分析。结果表明,宣化县2000年土壤侵蚀(轻度侵蚀以上)面积为982.85 km2,占宣化县总面积的39.25%,平均土壤侵蚀模数为13.92 t/hm2.a,属于轻度侵蚀;坡度越大,极强度及剧烈侵蚀越有可能发生,从整体来看,15°~25°是侵蚀比例最大的坡度带。宣化县土壤侵蚀主要集中于灌草地和旱地两种土地类型,两者土壤侵蚀面积占宣化县2000年总土壤侵蚀面积的93.897%。  相似文献   

7.
为全面掌握安宁河流域土壤侵蚀状况并探讨其分布特征,基于USLE模型对该地区水力侵蚀模数进行计算,并就其在不同高程、坡度和地类分布变化规律展开探讨。结果表明:1)安宁河流域2020年土壤平均侵蚀模数为2 962 t/(km2·a),侵蚀强度整体处于中等水平;2)研究区西北部和东南部侵蚀较严重,特别是冕宁县、会东县、德昌县部分地区;3)海拔高程<3 500 m均以微度侵蚀为主;坡度25°为整体侵蚀变化界线;有林地为主要侵蚀地类。建议坚持退耕(牧)还林(草),加强坡耕地治理,提高植被覆盖度,对土壤侵蚀状况进行实时监测,防治结合。  相似文献   

8.
为了研究黄土高原南部植被覆盖较高地区在退耕还林后的土壤侵蚀变化特征,利用RUSLE模型,结合GIS、RS技术,定量估算了2000~2013年石川河流域的土壤侵蚀量,分析了不同植被覆盖条件和不同土地利用类型的土壤侵蚀时空变化特征。结果表明:①土壤侵蚀等级与降雨侵蚀力、地貌和土地利用类型关系密切;②土地利用类型变化显著,耕地所占比重由51.44%减少到48.37%,草地所占比重由24.51%减少到12.48%,林地所占比重由19.45%增加到33.20%;③土壤侵蚀模数由退耕还林初期(2000年)的1 473.7 t/(km~2·a)减少到2013年的806.12 t/(km~2·a),总侵蚀量减少到217.91×10~4 t。土地利用类型的水土保持效益从大到小分别为林地、草地和耕地,说明还林还草工程后石川河流域土壤侵蚀呈总量减少、侵蚀强度降低的趋势,还林还草工程取得了水土保持效益。石川河流域的土壤侵蚀强度可以代表相似水热条件地区的土壤侵蚀情况,相同纬度地区的土壤侵蚀还有进一步下降的空间。  相似文献   

9.
孤山川流域近30年土壤侵蚀时空动态特征分析   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
针对区域水土保持效益评价、土壤流失治理的需求,选择黄土高原土壤侵蚀较为严重的孤山川流域为研究区,定量研究了孤山川流域近30a的土壤侵蚀时空变异特征。结果表明,1975~2006年间,研究区土壤侵蚀的变化分两个阶段。第一阶段为1975~1986年,土壤侵蚀强度加剧,侵蚀面积增加了138.13km2,流域东南部增加最多;第二阶段为1986~2006年,全流域土壤侵蚀强度减弱,侵蚀面积减少了163.09km2,1986年和1997年,东部地区减弱趋势更明显。中度以上的土壤侵蚀主要发生在高程1 070~1 300m处,都对应于18°~35°的陡坡地;1975年和2006年,中度以上侵蚀分别集中在900~1 150和1 300~1 800,单位为MJ·mm·hm-2·h-1。流域土壤侵蚀主要发生在耕地和林地。1975~2006年,耕地面积减少,林草地面积增加,土地利用向良性循环发展。可为认识黄土丘陵沟壑区I副区土壤侵蚀规律和该区土壤侵蚀防治宏观决策提供科学支撑。  相似文献   

10.
本研究工作是在利用航空遥感信息进行黄土丘陵沟壑区侵蚀环境系列制图的基础上,对黄土侵蚀环境动态变化作了初步分析探讨。通过利用山西省离石县王家沟流域不同时期的航空像片,应用先进的地理信息系统软件ARc/INFO系统编制出了该流域不同时期,不同时段和不同类型的侵蚀环境系列图,包括影响侵蚀因素系列图、土壤侵蚀量分布图,流域沟谷形态变化图,时段侵蚀平均发展速度图以及治理评价图,并在此基础上,利用环境动态分析法分时段分析了流域侵蚀状况变化及其环境的变化。在侵蚀环境的分析中·不仅分析了影响侵蚀的自然因素,还揭示了人为因素对侵蚀的影响。研究结果,为黄土高原小流域水土流失综合治理措施的制定提供了科学依据。  相似文献   

11.
Studies integrating digital elevation models (DEMs) with multispectral digital satellite data have typically concentrated on geographic areas characterized by moderate to high topographic relief. Variables such as elevation, slope gradient and aspect contribute most significantly to the zonation of vegetation in these environments. In areas where relief is low, vegetation zonation is based not on individual form elements but rather on physical processes. The purpose of this research was to investigate the potential of integrating multispectral and ancillary process data in such a low relief environment. For this a study area was chosen in the Boreal forest of west central Alberta where the zonation of vegetation is based, to a large extent, on landscape drainage. An initial classification of forest cover based on Landsat multispectral data yielded overall classification accuracies of 58%. A DEM was developed from a digitized 1:50,000 topographic map sheet. The differential geometry of the DEM was mapped as a series of coverages: slope, aspect, and directional curvatures (down ‐ and across slope). Two additional coverages, relief and flow paths, were also developed and mapped. A data set was extracted from the DEM through which landscape drainage could be evaluated. A univariate analysis of drainage using the form variables resulted in a 45% to 47% explanation of the observed variation. Multivariate analysis combining slope gradient, across and down slope curvatures, relief, and flow paths increased the explanation to 68%. The MSS data were reinterpreted integrating the DEM ‐ based landscape drainage model. The resulting classification accuracy was increased to 73%.  相似文献   

12.
星地多源数据的区域土壤有机质数字制图   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
周银  刘丽雅  卢艳丽  马自强  夏芳  史舟 《遥感学报》2015,19(6):998-1006
土壤有机质(SOM)是全球碳循环、土壤养分的重要组成部分,精确估算土壤有机质含量具有重要意义。本文以中国东北—华北平原为研究区,收集了1078个土壤样本,以遥感数据(MODIS,TRMM和STRM数据)与土壤地面光谱数据为预测因子,运用基于树形结构的数据挖掘技术构建土壤有机质-环境预测因子模型进行数字土壤制图。通过不同建模样本数建模精度比较,选择300个样本数时的模型为最优模型。建模结果表明土壤光谱和气候因子是研究区SOM变异的主控因子,生物因子次之,而地形因子影响最小。预测结果经检验,RMSE为7.25,R2为0.69,RPD为1.53制图结果与基于第二次全国土壤普查数据的土壤有机质地图具有相似的分布规律,呈现SOM自东北向西南递减的趋势。通过比较分析发现,经过20年左右的土地开发与利用,研究区低SOM和高SOM含量土壤面积减少,而中等SOM含量土壤面积增加。  相似文献   

13.
土壤中的水分是地球生态系统的重要组成部分,在全球水循环中发挥着重要的作用。基于被动微波数据提取的湿度指数因其具有全天候、高时间分辨率和数据处理简单等优点,大大推进了大范围地区土壤湿度的重复观测。基于AMSR-E(advanced microwave scanning radiometer-earth observing system)数据提取了8种微波湿度指数,利用密云和汉中气象台站的数据,分别对各个微波湿度指数进行时间序列分析,通过比较得到与降水量相关性较好的垂直极化多时相微波湿度指数PIV,6.9和比值指数DIV,10.7;在此基础上,分析该2种微波湿度指数在密云和汉中10像元×12像元矩形区域随降水量的变化;同时,与10.7 GHz的微波极化差异指数(microwave polarization difference index,MPDI)进行比较,评价3种指数对土壤湿度的监测优劣;在全国范围内,分别对3种微波湿度指数与降水量进行相关分析,得到全国土壤湿度监测的最优指数。结果表明:PIV,6.9作为一种新的微波湿度指数效果最优,可以用于全国范围的土壤湿度监测研究。  相似文献   

14.
以新疆渭干河——库车河绿洲及其周边地区为研究区,在野外调查的基础上,基于Aster数据,利用NDVI、植被盖度作为特征变量,结合偏最小二乘回归法模型反演得到的盐分含量(SSC)指标作为决策树分类的各节点的判别函数,通过决策树分类方法实现了沙化土地信息的提取与制图。结果表明结合植被覆盖信息与土壤特性能够在提取沙化信息的同时区分出盐渍化土壤,结果与野外调查较为一致。该研究为大区域土壤沙化信息提取与制图提供了较好的方法。  相似文献   

15.
利用粉煤灰和煤矸石作为充填基质充填沉陷地覆土造地是治理采煤塌陷区的重要方法之一.为研究煤矸石、粉煤灰充填复垦方式对土壤理化性质的影响,本文以淮南上窑粉煤灰场复垦地和新庄孜矿煤矸石充填复垦地为研究对象,分别对粉煤灰复垦地土壤样品、煤矸石复垦地土壤样品和对照地块土壤样品的土壤pH值、土壤含水量、土壤有机质、水解氮、速效磷、有效钾含量、冬小麦产量等指标监测分析.结果表明,复垦土壤pH值大于对照土壤样品,粉煤灰充填复垦土壤呈强碱性,煤矸石充填复垦土壤pH值接近对照土壤;粉煤灰充填复垦地粉煤灰层土壤含水量明显大于对照土壤样品,煤矸石充填复垦地煤矸石层土壤含水量明显低于对照土壤样品;复垦土壤有机质、水解氮、速效磷、有效钾含量、冬小麦产量低于对照土壤样品.粉煤灰充填复垦土壤水解氮含量、有效钾含量低于煤矸石充填复垦土壤,速效磷含量高于煤矸石充填复垦土壤.  相似文献   

16.
利用GNSS干涉信号振荡幅度反演土壤湿度   总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1  
汉牟田  张波  杨东凯  洪学宝  杨磊  宋曙辉 《测绘学报》2016,45(11):1293-1300
根据干涉效应和GNSS接收机信噪比估计方法,推导了利用GNSS干涉信号幅度进行土壤湿度反演的模型,建模过程考虑了天线增益、土壤介电常数和噪声的影响。提出了使用AMPD算法从含有噪声的归一化干涉功率曲线中提取干涉峰值与谷值,进而反演了土壤介电常数与土壤湿度的方法,并对其进行了仿真。结果表明,利用提取出来的干涉谷值进行反演性能比峰值好,相对稳定准确的卫星仰角范围为5°~25°,湿度大于0.06cm~3/cm~3时反演结果更为准确,标准差在0.01cm~3/cm~3左右波动。  相似文献   

17.
It is necessary to estimate heavy metal concentrations within soils for understanding heavy metal contaminations and for keeping the sustainable developments of ecosystems. This study, with the floodplain along Le’an River and its two branches in Jiangxi Province of China as a case study, aimed to explore the feasibility of estimating concentrations of heavy metal lead (Pb), copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) within soils using laboratory-based hyperspectral data. Thirty soil samples were collected, and their hyperspectral data, soil organic matters and Pb, Cu and Zn concentrations were measured in the laboratory. The potential relations among hyperspectral data, soil organic matter and Pb, Cu and Zn concentrations were explored and further used to estimate Pb, Cu and Zn concentrations from hyperspectral data with soil organic matter as a bridge. The results showed that the ratio of the first-order derivatives of spectral absorbance at wavelengths 624 and 564 nm could explain 52% of the variation of soil organic matter; the soil organic matter could explain 59%, 51% and 50% of the variation of Pb, Cu and Zn concentrations with estimated standard errors of 1.41, 48.27 and 45.15 mg·kg?; and the absolute estimation errors were 8%–56%, 12%–118% and 2%–22%, and 50%, 67% and 100% of them were less than 25% for Pb, Cu and Zn concentration estimations. We concluded that the laboratory-based hyperspectral data hold potentials in estimating concentrations of heavy metal Pb, Cu and Zn in soils. More sampling points or other potential linear and non-linear regression methods should be used for improving the stabilities and accuracies of the estimation models.  相似文献   

18.
This work aims to assess the soil microzonation of Agartala city and its surrounding areas based on spectral geophysical signatures. Different spectral resolutions of Landsat TM have been used for assessing the Normalized Difference Vegetative Index, spatial thermal emission representation and plant water moisture representation. Normalized Difference Vegetative Index (NDVI) was measured from band 4 (near-infrared (NIR)) and band 3 (photosynthetically active radiation (PAR)). The Digital Number (DN) values of thermal infrared band (TIR) were used for measuring spatial variation of thermal representation in the city area. A very simple model was developed for measuring thermal emission representative index from NDVI and automated classified TIR band. Overlaid NDVI and classified TIR shows the spatial distribution of thermal emission representative values. Classified mid-wave infrared band (MWIR) was used for measuring the surface geotherm units (τ) which are related with different types of soil. On the basis of spatial distribution of τ value which is clearly visible in a thermal emission representative map overlaid by classified MWIR, the soil microzonation map of the study area was prepared. This soil microzonation map shows that Agartala and its surrounding areas are characterized by four types of soil which are related to different geomorphic and geological units. The soil of this area is classified as dry sandy soil and sandy clay soil of the highland areas and wet sandy alluvium and clayey alluvium of the flood plain area.  相似文献   

19.
Soil erodibility values are best estimated from long-term direct measurements on runoff-plots; however, in lack of field tests, these values can be estimated using relationships based on physico-chemical soil properties. The study objective was to assess the erodibility and its correlation with soil properties. The average erodibility value was estimated 0.043 t ha h ha?1 MJ?1 mm?1. The areas with heavy textured soil and low organic matter content had the lowest values of erodibility. The erodibility decreases as the sand content increases, whereas silt showed a positive correlation. The erodibility factors and its relation to soil properties were evaluated using multiple regression analysis. Results revealed that sand and organic matter content of soil combinedly explained 78% of variation. Altitudinal increases also seem to affect the soil texture. This study has demonstrated that soil properties and erodibility values can be used as assistance for soil conservation practices and modelling of landscape processes.  相似文献   

20.
Salt affected soils are characterized by variable distribution and dynamic nature. Based on Landsat data from 1986/1987 supported by ground truth, salt affected soil maps were prepared at 1:250,000 scale for 14 states and a union territory (UT). A map legend was evolved that described the nature, degree and extent of salt affected soils suitable for varied physiographic and agroclimatic regions of the country. Fifteen categories of salt affected soil were identified for the entire country. These were merged to two categories – saline and sodic – for management purposes. Digitized maps were developed in a geographical information system (GIS) depicting salt affected areas of the country. An area of 6.73 million ha of salt affected soils was estimated for the entire country. State-wise estimates showed that this extensive area is distributed over the Gangetic plain of Uttar Pradesh; the arid and semiarid regions of Gujarat and the peninsular plains of Maharashtra state. A significant area is also located in the coastal region covering seven states. The salt affected soils are primarily saline in deltaic (C), coastal (D) and mud flats/mangrove swamps (G) and sodic in alluvial (A), aeofluvial/aeolian/arid (B) and peninsular (F) plains. The distribution of salt affected soils in agroclimatic zones (ACZs) showed occurrence in Gujarat plain, East Coast plains, Upper-Gangetic plain, Trans-Gangetic plain, Central Plateau, Lower-Gangetic plain and Southern Plateau of the country.  相似文献   

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