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地理信息系统学科中几个基本问题探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
地理信息科学(GISci)尚不成熟,但中国地理信息系统(GIS)高等教育发展快速,因此GIS学科发展面临许多问题和挑战。尝试从哲学本体论、认识论和方法论角度探讨GIS学科中的几个基本问题:现实世界、概念世界、数字世界、空间认知、空间表达、空间分析与研究方法,同时从社会实践角度总结了GIS应用中的组织、管理与社会问题。1)系统总结地理空间、空间认知与信息表达的关系以及地理信息的基本特征;2)回顾GIS的概念与内涵演变,论证GIS概念的多样性与同一性,分析了几个代表性的GIS研究方向;3)在回顾地理学研究范式转变的基础上,探讨空间分析、知识产生过程以及基于GIS的地理学研究范式;4)辨析GIS与组织管理间的关系、GIS与社会间的互动关系,特别强调发展中国家GIS应用面临的问题。建议围绕“空间认知与表达”、“GIS方法论”、“GIS、组织与社会”进行跨学科研究,完善GIS学科体系。 相似文献
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为推进我国地理信息科学与技术发展,借鉴UCGIS于2006年提出的地理信息科学与技术知识体系(Geographic Information Science and Technology Body of Knowledge),分析其对我国GIS领域研究的若干启示,包括构建科学合理的地理信息科学与技术学科体系、加强地理空间认知与概念建模的研究、多学科交叉推进地理计算理论与应用研究、推进地理信息科学与技术的相关软科学研究。 相似文献
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“面向区域”的GIS控件的设计与使用 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
本文提出了一个“面向区域”GIS控件的概念———即以特定的地理区域为对象,将基础地理信息连同有关的GIS功能操作融合为一个可重用的程序模块,以Microsoft的COM(即“组件对象模型”)技术为基础,组织为“GIS化”的ActiveX控件。这种GIS控件,将面向对象技术中的“对象”扩展到了整个特定的地理区域空间,其核心思想是不仅封装了GIS的数据模型,必要的功能操作,而且封装了所有的基础地理信息。由于省去了对空间数据的处理,因而这种GIS控件可被广大非GIS专业的信息系统开发者灵活、简便地用于各种管理信息系统、办公自动化系统和决策支持系统的GIS功能扩充,也可用于构建一般的地理信息系统,因而有利于GIS技术应用的普及。文章最后给出了有关陕西省的应用实例 相似文献
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地理空间中的空间关系表达和推理 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：5
针对地理空间中的应用,归纳了在空间关系的表达与推理中不同于人工智能领域研究的一些特点:在人工智能领域,更注重建立形式化的推理系统;而在地理信息科学中,则需更关注地理空间的特点以及地物的地理语义。该文基于地理空间和地理现象的本质且顾及地理空间认知,总结了地理空间中空间关系表达和推理的特点,具体包括空间的有限性、地球的球面特征、地物的地理语义、地物形状的复杂性、面状地物、特殊的空间关系、空间关系的层次性与尺度相应原则、不确定性、三维与时态特性九方面;进而介绍了地理空间关系表达的两个应用,即地理信息检索和基于对象的图像分析。该文的探讨可为地理信息科学中的相关研究提供方向性指导。 相似文献
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地球信息科学的前沿与发展趋势 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
地球信息科学是一门新兴学科,每个分支都有许多亟待深入的前沿领域。地球信息哲学中的前沿领域主要涉及数字化世界的本体论问题、地球信息流和地球空间认识论问题以及地球信息科学的方法论问题等;地球信息机理中研究的前沿问题主要有地球信息转变机理、地球空间认知、地球信息表达方法的拓展、地球信息的不确定性、地球空间关系、地球空间尺度以及地球信息共享中的标准、规范和立法等;地球信息技术的前沿研究主要包括地球信息的集成和融合、GIS中的空间分析与模拟、地球信息技术集成、地学可视化、虚拟现实技术、GIS的互操作技术、地球信息的分布式计算以及GIS中的面向对象技术等;地球信息工程的热点领域是信息基础设施和数字地球。在未来的几十年内,地球信息科学将保持理论化、工程化和学科交叉领域泛化的发展特点;地球信息理论研究将呈现信息标准化和信息表达多维化的发展态势;地球信息技术的发展将具有集成化和智能化的特色;地球信息工程和应用将向平台网络化和应用社会化的方向发展。 相似文献
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综合地图学与地理信息系统(GIS)普通高等院校高考招生信息及研究生招生简章,对GIS硕士及博士点方向的学科取向特征及GIS高等教育的省际空间结构演化进行研究。结果表明,国内GIS研究布局侧重空间数据分析与建模、GIS设计与应用两大模块;GIS数据采集、管理、地理信息服务有所涉及;在GIS研究前端如GIS空间认知、地理信息本体,及GIS拓展延伸的软科学问题上投入力量不足。综合硕士点、博士点及GIS专业本科招生高校信息,以省域为基本统计单元,基于重力模型分析其空间结构特征。结果显示,2005~2008年,GIS高层次教育发展迅速,国家尺度上形成北京市、江苏省两大中心;区域尺度上2005年与2008年差异明显,广东、云南步湖北、四川、甘肃及吉林之后成为新的区域性GIS教育中心,全国六大区域GIS教育中心初步形成。 相似文献
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地理信息系统(Geographic Information System，以下简称GIS)是以地理空间数据库为基础，在计算机软硬件的支持下，对空间相关数据进行采集、管理、操作、分析、模拟和显示，并利用地理模拟分析方法，适时提供多种空间的动态的地理信息，为地理研究和地理决策服务而建立起来的计算机技术系统。作为地理科学和信息科学综合发展的产物，GIS凭借其强大的空间分析、决策能力已广泛应用于科学研究、经济建设和社会服务的诸多领域。GIS作为一项具有广阔发展前景的信息技术将会对地理多媒体教学起巨大的推动作用。 相似文献
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地球信息科学的前沿与发展趋势 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
地球信息科学是一门新兴学科，每个分支都有许多亟待深入的前沿领域。地球信息哲学中的前沿领域主要涉及数字化世界的本体论问题、地球信息流和地球空间认识论问题以及地球信息科学的方法论问题等；地球信息机理中研究的前沿问题主要有地球信息转变机理、地球空间认知、地球信息表达方法的拓展、地球信息的不确定性、地球空间关系、地球空间尺度以及地球信息共享中的标准、规范和立法等；地球信息技术的前沿研究主要包括地球信息的集成和融合、GIS中的空间分析与模拟、地球信息技术集成、地学可视化、虚拟现实技术、GIS的互操作技术、地球信息的分布式计算以及GIS中的面向对象技术等；地球信息工程的热点领域是信息基础设施和数字地球。在未来的几十年内，地球信息科学将保持理论化、工程化和学科交叉领域泛化的发展特点；地球信息理论研究将呈现信息标准化和信息表达多维化的发展态势；地球信息技术的发展将具有集成化和智能化的特色；地球信息工程和应用将向平台网络化和应用社会化的方向发展。 相似文献
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The analysis of space and the use of geographic information systems (GIS) have long been important to natural resource applications. More recently, social scientists have been exploring ways to integrate spatial concepts with social science data related to natural resources for theoretical, practical, and methodological reasons. This trend is particularly evident with research in park and protected area (PPA) management and outdoor recreation. The purpose of this paper is to present an updated review of how space has been incorporated into PPA research, integrate concepts and methods, identify gaps, and propose future directions for research. Overall, this review suggests that the incorporation of spatially-related social science data is advancing the field PPA research in an effective and viable way. 相似文献
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Helen Couclelis 《International journal of geographical information science》2013,27(12):1785-1809
This article explores the notion of a system of ontologies specifically designed for the needs of an information science. A framework for geographic information ontologies is outlined that focuses on geographic information constructs rather than on the direct representation of real-world entities or on linguistic terms. The framework takes the form of a generative hierarchy anchored by the notion of intentionality at one end and of a spatiotemporal field of potentially relevant information at the other. Two theoretical notions are used in the generation of the hierarchy. The first is the principle of semantic contraction, whereby, starting from a level of geographic information constructs specified so as to reflect user intentionality, semantically coherent domains of properties are removed over several steps until only the rudiments of a spatiotemporal information system are left. The second notion is that of object of discourse, which allows entities to be represented as the composites of geographic information constructs at the higher levels of the hierarchy, explicitly reflecting the connections between the purpose, function, appropriate internal constitution, and ensuing categorization of the entities represented. The framework's main contribution is thus twofold: first, it allows the notions of user purpose and object function to be directly built into geographic representations; second, it proposes a hierarchy of ontological levels that are linked by systematic semantic relations. Further, the framework presents an integrated view of object and field representations. It may also provide a novel perspective on a number of issues of ongoing interest in geographic information science. 相似文献
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The abstraction, representation, and computation of entity–space relationship are keystones of geographic information science (GIS). The newly proposed spatial chromatic tessellation (SCT) provides a novel model to explore this relationship. SCT has demonstrated a variety of potential applications in GIS, such as reasoning spatial topology, point pattern analysis, and Voronoi diagrams. This study aims to theoretically investigate SCT by focusing on two aspects: (1) extending SCT to higher dimensional spaces. Results show that cells missing in lower dimensional spaces are hidden in higher dimensional spaces; (2) exploring the uniqueness of chromatic codes, particularly the chromatic codes of 2-cell and 3-cell clusters: their codes are proved to be unique. In a mathematical perspective, the observed phenomena from the above two aspects bring some new thoughts into the first law of geography and spatial heterogeneity. Based on these new understandings of entity–space relationship, SCT is replaced by spatial chromatic model (SCM) in which spaces are created by entities themselves rather than by partitioning the space preexisted. This makes a change from an absolute geographic space to a relative geographic space. 相似文献
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Combining AHP with GIS for Predictive Cu Porphyry Potential Mapping: A Case Study in Ahar Area (NW,Iran) 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Kaveh Pazand Ardeshir Hezarkhani Mohammad Ataei Yousef Ghanbari 《Natural Resources Research》2011,20(4):251-262
Using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) method for multi-index evaluation has special advantages, while the use of geographic
information systems (GIS) is suitable for spatial analysis. Combining AHP with GIS provides an effective approach for studies
of mineral potential mapping evaluation. Selection of potential areas for exploration is a complex process in which many diverse
criteria are to be considered. In this article, AHP and GIS are used for providing potential maps for Cu porphyry mineralization
on the basis of criteria derived from geologic, geochemical, and geophysical, and remote sensing data including alteration
and faults. Each criterion was evaluated with the aid of AHP and the result mapped by GIS. This approach allows the use of
a mixture of quantitative and qualitative information for decision-making. The results of application in this article provide
acceptable outcomes for copper porphyry exploration. 相似文献
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Language plays a vital role in the communication, sharing and transmission of information among human beings. Geographical languages are essential for understanding, investigating, representing and propagating geo-spatial information. Geographical languages have developed and evolved gradually with improvements in science, technology and cognitive levels. Concerning the theoretical progress from geographical information ontology, epistemology and linguistic theory, this paper firstly puts forward the concept of a GIS language and discusses its basic characteristics according to changes in the structures, functions and characteristics of geographical languages. This GIS language can be regarded as a system of synthetic digital symbols. It is a comprehensive representation of geographical objects, phenomena and their spatial distributions and dynamic processes. This representation helps us generate a universal perception of geographical space using geographical scenarios or symbols with geometry, statuses, processes, spatio-temporal relationships, semantics and attributes. Furthermore, this paper states that the GIS language represents a new generation of geographical language due to its intrinsic characteristics, structures, functions and systematic content. Based on the aforementioned theoretical foundation, this paper illustrates the pivotal status and contributions of the GIS language from the perspective of geographical researchers. The language of GIS is a new geographical language designed for the current era, with features including spatio-temporal multi-dimension representation, interactive visualization, virtual geographical scenarios, multi-sensor perception and expedient broadcasting via the web. The GIS language is the highest-level geographical language developed to date, integrating semantic definitions, feature extraction, geographical dynamic representation and spatio-temporal factors and unifying the computation of geographical phenomena and objects. The GIS language possesses five important characteristics: abstraction, systematicness, strictness, precision and hierarchy. In summary, the GIS language provides a new means forpeople to recognize, understand and simulate entire geo-environments. Therefore, exploration of the GIS language’s functions in contemporary geographical developments is becoming increasingly important. Similarly, construction of the conceptual model and scientific systems of the GIS language will promote the development of the disciplines of geography and geographical information sciences. Therefore, this paper investigates the prospects of the GIS language from the perspectives of digital technology, geographical norms, geographical modeling and the disciplinary development of geography. 相似文献
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Agencies in the US with oversight for marine renewable energy development idealistically have sought space where this new use might proceed unhindered by other uses. Despite experiential evidence of spatial overlap among existing ocean uses, a lack of documentation made the identification of potential space-use conflicts, communication between existing and potential ocean users, and the design of mitigation exceedingly challenging.We conducted a study along the US Atlantic and Pacific coasts to gather and document available spatial information on existing use through a compilation and organization of geographic information system (GIS) data. Stakeholder group meetings were used to vet the collected spatial data, and ethnographic interviews were conducted to gather knowledge and cultural perspectives. Results show extensive coverage and overlap of existing ocean space uses and provide a visualization of the social and cultural landscape of the ocean that managers can use to determine which stakeholders to engage.Marine resource managers are encouraged to recognize that marine space use is dynamic and multi-dimensional and as such research thereof requires a balance between the efficiency of GIS and the stories captured and told by ethnographic research. There are important linkages within and across fisheries and other uses, communities and interests, and across the land–sea interface. Therefore, it is important to use techniques demonstrated in this research that (1) integrate ethnographic and geospatial data collection and analysis; (2) engage stakeholders throughout the process; and (3) recognize the unique qualities of each geographic location and user group to support sound decision-making. 相似文献
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Language plays a vital role in the communication, sharing and transmission of information among human beings. Geographical languages are essential for understanding, investigating, representing and propagating geo-spatial information. Geographical languages have developed and evolved gradually with improvements in science, technology and cognitive levels. Concerning the theoretical progress from geographical information ontology, epistemology and linguistic theory, this paper firstly puts forward the concept of a GIS language and discusses its basic characteristics according to changes in the structures, functions and characteristics of geographical languages. This GIS language can be regarded as a system of synthetic digital symbols. It is a comprehensive representation of geographical objects, phenomena and their spatial distributions and dynamic processes. This representation helps us generate a universal perception of geographical space using geographical scenarios or symbols with geometry, statuses, processes, spatio-temporal relationships, semantics and attributes. Furthermore, this paper states that the GIS language represents a new generation of geographical language due to its intrinsic characteristics, structures, functions and systematic content. Based on the aforementioned theoretical foundation, this paper illustrates the pivotal status and contributions of the GIS language from the perspective of geographical researchers. The language of GIS is a new geographical language designed for the current era, with features including spatio-temporal multi-dimension representation, interactive visualization, virtual geographical scenarios, multi-sensor perception and expedient broadcasting via the web. The GIS language is the highest-level geographical language developed to date, integrating semantic definitions, feature extraction, geographical dynamic representation and spatio-temporal factors and unifying the computation of geographical phenomena and objects. The GIS language possesses five important characteristics: abstraction, systematicness, strictness, precision and hierarchy. In summary, the GIS language provides a new means for people to recognize, understand and simulate entire geo-environments. Therefore, exploration of the GIS language’s functions in contemporary geographical developments is becoming increasingly important. Similarly, construction of the conceptual model and scientific systems of the GIS language will promote the development of the disciplines of geography and geographical information sciences. Therefore, this paper investigates the prospects of the GIS language from the perspectives of digital technology, geographical norms, geographical modeling and the disciplinary development of geography. 相似文献
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论地理信息系统及其在地理学中的地位 总被引：44，自引：0，他引：44
地理信息系统技术的兴起代表了地理学发展的一个重要方向。地理信息系统是一门处理地理(空间)数据的综合信息技术,它属于技术地理学的范畴,它为资源与环境的管理和规划以及地理学的研究提供了一个革命性工具。另一方面,地理信息系统的建立和应用又依赖于地理学理论和实用模型的发展。进一步勾通地理信息系统与空间分析之间的关系是目前促进地理信息系统发展的重要课题。 相似文献
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Timothy W. Collins 《The Professional geographer》2013,65(4):508-526
This project combines qualitative data of personal narratives with geographic information science (GIScience) technologies to explore the potential for critical cartography in the study of mass atrocity. The case study used is northern Uganda, where millions have been affected by physical violence and hardship, displacement, and fear. Web-based virtual globes as a ready source of imagery for remote areas and derived spatial data imported to geographic information systems (GIS) provide quantified data that complement testimonials and other qualitative data from the field. Cartographic functions, geovisualization, and spatial analyses available in GIS are used to extract information from high-resolution remote sensing images documenting internally displaced persons (IDP) camps and quantifying evidence of crimes against humanity. These techniques explore spatial relationships and communicate results on the extent and impact of the atrocities in northern Uganda. 相似文献