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An underground research laboratory (URL) is being constructed by Andra in eastern France, in Callovo-Oxfordian claystone (COx) in which various in situ geomechanical experiments are being undertaken or are to be carried out. The aim of this URL is to characterize the in situ properties of COx claystone and to test disposal technologies in a realistic way in order to assess the short- and long-term safety of a deep radioactive waste repository. In parallel, theoretical and numerical models able to reproduce the phenomena observed under different types of loading paths must be developed.The phenomenological elastic-visco-plastic model developed by Souley et al. (2011) has been enhanced to reflect recent advances in understanding of the mechanical and hydromechanical behavior of COx claystone and the modification of the mechanical and hydraulic properties in the EDZ (Excavation Damage Zone). In particular, the influence of induced damage and fracturing on the delayed strains and strain rates of the COx claystone and the permeability changes observed at the site scale, as well as hydro-mechanical couplings, are discussed and incorporated in a new model. This model is implemented into the commercial code FLAC3D. Short- and long-term test data (Armand et al., 2016) can be used to identify possible key parameters for the model. These tests were also used to identify certain parameters of our model. Some tests were simulated to verify the numerical implementation of the proposed model.Finally, the simulation of the GCS drift excavation (Seyedi et al., 2016) has been performed. Comparisons to in situ measurements are discussed and some accordance and discrepancies were observed. 相似文献
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The Callovo-Oxfordian claystone (COx) is considered as a potential geological formation to host an industrial radioactive waste repository in France. A detailed understanding of the thermo-hydro-mechanical (THM) behavior of the COx is a key issue for design of different repository structures and the safety calculations of the project. More particularly, numerical modeling of induced fracture networks around drifts excavated at the main level of the Andra’s Meuse/Haut-Marne Underground Research Laboratory (M/HM URL) and short and long term behavior of the COx around these drifts are of great interest. Several constitutive models have been developed/used in the framework of the R&D and simulation programs of Andra. A model benchmark exercise has been launched since 2012 to provide an overall view of the developed models regarding the in situ observations. In this view, two series of test cases, respectively at material point scale and at drift excavation scale are defined. Different kinds of constitutive models based on the elasto-visco-plasticity concept, continuum damage mechanics, the rigid block spring method and two-scale computational homogenized model (CHM) are used within this exercise. The obtained results show that accounting for material anisotropy and strain localization treatment techniques can improve the obtained results when elasto-visco-plastic models are used. Damage mechanics based approaches and methods accounting for discontinuities through discrete elements provide also interesting insights especially when fracturing processes must be modeled. However, more efforts are necessary to improve the robustness of these kinds of approaches in the complex context of COx response to excavation works. 相似文献
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Analysis of flow path around the sealing section HG-A experiment in the Mont Terri Rock Laboratory 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Wenjie Xu Hua Shao Paul Marschall Jürgen Hesser Olaf Kolditz 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2013,70(7):3363-3380
As part of the HG-A experiment in the Mont Terri Rock Laboratory, large-scale in situ water/gas injection experiments was conducted in a microtunnel. This research work focuses on the numerical analysis of the experimental data and the in situ observations. Concerning a temporary change of the hydromechanical properties of Opalinus Clay during experimental operations, three phases were numerically interpreted. These included the generation of excavation damaged zone during tunnel excavation, in which highly permeable flow paths around the tunnel have been formed; the self-sealing effect during water tests; and the pressure evolution during a long-term gas injection test. A coupled two-phase flow and mechanics model, taking into account the strong anisotropic properties of Opalinus Clay, was developed to interpret the measured data. The hydraulic anisotropy was described by a transversely isotropic permeability tensor. An elasto-plastic model was established to consider both stiffness anisotropy and strength anisotropy. Anisotropic plasticity was studied using the microstructure tensor method. 相似文献
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为了探索高压水力浸润带和消落带岩体在压剪荷载与流体入渗双因素耦合作用下剪切渗流特性的衍化规律,利用自主研发的一套新型岩石剪切−渗流耦合试验系统,对饱水泥页岩进行了常法向荷载条件下不同渗透水压的剪切−渗流耦合试验和剪切蠕变−渗流耦合试验。试验结果表明：（1）随着渗透水压力的增加,饱水泥页岩剪切强度峰值、法向变形峰值以及剪切蠕变破坏强度均有所下降,说明渗透水压力对岩样力学强度具有损伤效果。（2）在剪切−渗流耦合试验过程中,岩样剪应力与法向变形在线弹性变化的末期会出现明显的上下波动现象,并伴有水流流出,剪应力和法向变形的突变点在时间上具有一致性。（3）在剪切蠕变−渗流耦合试验过程中,水流渗出速率与渗透水压力大小呈正相关,随着剪切荷载施加等级的提高,岩样蠕变变形量增大,单位时间内累计渗出水量亦有所提升。 相似文献
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This paper presents a new constitutive model for the time dependent mechanical behaviour of rock which takes into account both viscoplastic behaviour and evolution of damage with respect to time. This model is built by associating a viscoplastic constitutive law to the damage theory. The main characteristics of this model are the account of a viscoplastic volumetric strain (i.e. contractancy and dilatancy) as well as the anisotropy of damage. The latter is described by a second rank tensor. Using this model, it is possible to predict delayed rupture by determining time to failure, in creep tests for example. The identification of the model parameters is based on experiments such as creep tests, relaxation tests and quasi‐static tests. The physical meaning of these parameters is discussed and comparisons with lab tests are presented. The ability of the model to reproduce the delayed failure observed in tertiary creep is demonstrated as well as the sensitivity of the mechanical response to the rate of loading. The model could be used to simulate the evolution of the excavated damage zone around underground openings. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Selected gas pulse tests on initially saturated claystone samples under isotropic confinement pressure are simulated using a 3D thermo‐hydro‐mechanical code. The constitutive model considers the hydro‐mechanical anisotropy of argillaceous rocks. A cross‐anisotropic linear elastic law is adopted for the mechanical behaviour. Elements for a proper modelling of gas flow along preferential paths include an embedded fracture permeability model. Rock permeability and its retention curve depend on strains through a fracture aperture. The hydraulic and mechanical behaviours have a common anisotropic structure. Small‐scale heterogeneity is considered to enhance the initiation of flow through preferential paths, following the direction of the bedding planes. The numerical simulations were performed considering two different bedding orientations, parallel and normal to the imposed flow in the test. Simulations are in agreement with recorded upstream and downstream pressures in the tests. The evolution of fluid pressures, degree of saturation, element permeability and stress paths are presented for each case analysed. This information provides a good insight into the mechanisms of gas transport. Different flow patterns are obtained depending on bedding orientation, and the results provide an explanation for the results obtained in the tests. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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黏土岩作为放射性核废料处置的备选介质,长期处于热-水-力耦合的复杂条件下。为研究围岩的长期稳定性,开展了一系列不同围压和偏应力下的黏土岩加温-降温排水蠕变试验。得出以下结论：温度的升高会提升黏土岩的蠕变速率,延长衰减蠕变阶段的时间,但是降温过程中试样主要以冷缩变形为主,并未见明显的蠕变变形;围压的降低以及偏应力的增加会提高黏土岩的蠕变速率,并且这种影响会随温度的升高明显加剧。基于试验结果,在Perzyna过应力理论的基础上引入蠕变硬化、蠕变损伤以及热损伤,建立了黏土岩热-水-力耦合蠕变模型。通过ABAQUS软件及其子程序对该模型进行数值实现,模拟结果与试验结果的对比初步表明该模型可以很好地描述热-水-力耦合条件下黏土岩的蠕变特性。 相似文献
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通过将Perzyna过应力理论与临界状态理论相结合,并引入Wheeler旋转硬化法则,提出一个能描述土体初始各向异性及应力诱发各向异性的三维弹黏塑性本构模型。模型考虑流变发生的下限,在三维应力空间,模型存在形状相似的静屈服面及动态加载面。采用缩放形式的幂函数。本构模型数值算法采用回映算法,借助ABAQUS软件UMAT子程序接口实现。并通过对三轴不排水蠕变试验的模拟,确定合适的积分步长。此后,分别对三轴不排水蠕变试验及常应变率三轴不排水剪切试验进行了模拟。模拟中通过设置不同参数值,可将模型退化为各向同性模型,并对这两种模拟结果进行了比较。模拟结果表明：(1) 对于三轴不排水蠕变,在低剪应力水平下,各向同性模型和各向异性模型模拟的结果相差不大,而在高剪应力水平下,各向异性模型模拟结果更接近试验结果;(2) 对于常应变率加载试验的模拟,模型合理反映了土体不排水强度随着加载速率的增大而增大现象。 相似文献
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This paper concerns the application of a finite element squared approach for modelling hydromechanical coupling in the simulation of gallery excavation in the context of radioactive waste repositories. The micromechanics of Callovo-Oxfordian claystone is modelled at the microscale, taking into account the interaction of different mechanical constituents and its interaction with pore fluid. In a framework of computational homogenization, the micromechanical behaviour is coupled to the macroscale boundary value problem of a poromechanical continuum with local second gradient paradigm. The simulations concern several cases of the “Transverse action” benchmark by Andra, in the context of which the model is used. 相似文献
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统一黏塑性理论假设材料的应变仅由弹性应变和黏塑性应变组成。包含应力的黏塑性应变率表达方式,可以清晰地体现岩石材料应力增长率随应变加载速率相关的特性、在持续的偏压下的蠕变特性以及在恒定的应变下的松弛特性,但微分方程表示的本构模型在实际运用中存在计算上的困难。将无损伤Lemaitre统一黏塑性模型转换成关于应力的积分形式,并运用一致渐进展开算法得到其近似解,最后建立了基于近似解的牛顿迭代格式。开展了不同围压条件下泥质粉砂岩的三轴松弛试验,并将试验数据用于黏塑性模型的参数反分析,结果表明模型能够较好地反映泥质粉砂岩在长期作用下的力学行为特征。 相似文献
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For a potential geological barrier of high-level radioactive waste repositories in France, the long-term mechanical behavior of the Callovo-Oxfordian (COx) argillite is the most concern for engineers. In this paper, a micromechanical-based elasto-viscoplastic model is proposed, and its numerical realization is our main object. The COx argillite is considered as a three-phase composite consists of porous clay, quartz, and calcite. By assigning appropriate constitutive laws to those constituents, the macroscopic elasto-viscoplastic behavior of the COx argillite is determined with an extended Hill's incremental approach. The numerical aspects includes (a) a new formulation is proposed for the plastic multiplier when adopting the overstress (Perzyna) model to define the viscoplastic strain. Meanwhile, a new formulation is also proposed to solve it within the framework of an implicit returning mapping scheme. (b) The corresponding consistent tangent moduli are strictly derived by extending the method proposed for solving plastic problems; (c) the efficiency of the proposed integration algorithms for the local constitutive equations and the homogenization procedure are validated, receptively, by a built-in porous plasticity model of a commercial finite element (FE) program ABAQUS and by FE computations of a two-phase unit cell; and (d) the proposed micromechanical model is finally applied to simulate experiment data in short-term triaxial compression tests and long-term triaxial creep tests. And the numerical results show that it is able to reflect the variation of the mechanical behavior with respect to the varied mineralogical compositions. 相似文献
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Numerical Modelling of the Anisotropic Mechanical Behaviour of Opalinus Clay at the Laboratory-Scale Using FEM/DEM 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Andrea Lisjak Bryan S. A. Tatone Giovanni Grasselli Tim Vietor 《Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering》2014,47(1):187-206
The Opalinus Clay (OPA) is an argillaceous rock formation selected to host a deep geologic repository for high-level nuclear waste in Switzerland. It has been shown that the excavation damaged zone (EDZ) in this formation is heavily affected by the anisotropic mechanical response of the material related to the presence of bedding planes. In this context, the purpose of this study is twofold: (i) to illustrate the new developments that have been introduced into the combined finite-discrete element method (FEM/DEM) to model layered materials and (ii) to demonstrate the effectiveness of this new modelling approach in simulating the short-term mechanical response of OPA at the laboratory-scale. A transversely isotropic elastic constitutive law is implemented to account for the anisotropic elastic modulus, while a procedure to incorporate a distribution of preferentially oriented defects is devised to capture the anisotropic strength. Laboratory results of indirect tensile tests and uniaxial compression tests are used to calibrate the numerical model. Emergent strength and deformation properties, together with the simulated damage mechanisms, are shown to be in strong agreement with experimental observations. Subsequently, the calibrated model is validated by investigating the effect of confinement and the influence of the loading angle with respect to the specimen anisotropy. Simulated fracture patterns are discussed in the context of the theory of brittle rock failure and analyzed with reference to the EDZ formation mechanisms observed at the Mont Terri Underground Research Laboratory. 相似文献
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An isotropic elastoviscoplastic constitutive model based on a generalized Hoek-Brown criterion is proposed. The plastic mechanism is characterized by a positive and a negative hardening, and a specific non-associated flow rule allows to take into account the evolution of the dilatancy. Several hydromechanical finite element simulations corresponding to realistic configurations of drift excavations in the underground research laboratory of Bure are presented. Regularization techniques are required to avoid localization phenomena due to softening. A second gradient formulation has been used as it is well suited for dilatant materials such as claystone. Numerical results are discussed and compared with experimental measurements. 相似文献
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大陆浅源地震密集分布层称为地震层,该深度处于石英脆塑性转化带,其变形除受温度控制外,地震周期各阶段变形随应变速率和应力发生变化,从间震期的稳态蠕变转化为同震破裂和震后松弛阶段非稳态蠕变。与间震期长期蠕变相关的野外塑性变形和稳态流变实验研究非常多,而与震后松弛相关的地壳深部脆塑性转化和非稳态蠕变研究非常有限,更缺少非稳态流变的本构方程。震后松弛阶段的断层滑动研究和基于GPS观测数据反演地壳形变研究都依赖于非稳态蠕变实验数据及其流变模型。本文介绍了野外断层脆塑性转化带非稳态流变和高温高压非稳态流变实验研究进展,分析震后松弛阶段断层脆塑性转化带的变形特征与变形模式,讨论了非稳态流变与脆塑性转化带强度定量化研究中存在的问题。 相似文献
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通过泥质砂岩单轴压缩蠕变试验,揭示岩石蠕变变形与破坏的特点,反映了不同应力路径下的岩石蠕变速率与发展过程,建立了泥质砂岩的非线性蠕变模型,并通过对试件施加侧向刚性约束和锚固约束,以反映地下工程围岩在平面应变状态和支护状态下的蠕变特性。研究结果表明,锚固约束可以显著提高岩石发生稳定蠕变的应力阀值,减缓蠕变速率。根据改进的蠕变方程进行试验数据的拟合,确定了改进的西原模型蠕变方程中的各物理量。与单轴蠕变试验结果对比表明,该模型的计算结果与试验数据吻合较好,说明改进的西原模型可较好地反映岩石加锚后的蠕变特征。研究结果对深部地下工程围岩的变形与稳定控制研究具有重要的指导意义。 相似文献
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岩石在长期荷载作用下表现出典型的蠕变特性,裂隙泥岩在长期荷载作用下的力学性质不同于完整岩石。对甘肃甘谷赵家窑滑坡钻孔取芯的裂隙泥岩开展剪切蠕变试验,探讨轴向压应力、预制裂隙长度等因素对试样剪切蠕变特征的影响。试验结果表明:轴向荷载和裂隙长度对试样剪切蠕变特征有明显的影响。轴向压应力越大,试样剪切蠕变变形越不明显;裂隙越长,试样剪切蠕变变形越显著。应力较低时,如Cvisc模型等蠕变模型能够较好反映泥岩的蠕变力学特性。而在加速蠕变阶段,大多数模型却不能准确体现泥岩蠕变曲线的非线性变化。改进的西原模型克服了传统模型不能对非线性蠕变特征进行描述的缺点,且模型参数较少,能较好地适用工程软弱岩体。不同载荷作用下泥质软岩试样剪切蠕变过程中,裂隙泥岩剪切破坏带形成表现为渐进与突发相结合。泥岩的剪切蠕变力学模型可解释泥岩滑坡的多种现象,边坡潜在滑移带内泥质软岩发生的剪切蠕变则是泥岩滑坡的内在诱因。 相似文献
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Failure and long‐term behaviour of oriented solids are studied. Transversely isotropic materials are considered and a mathematical formulation that respect the material symmetry is developed and applied to model the triaxial behaviour of sedimentary rocks. Two failure criteria and a viscoplastic constitutive model that describe, respectively, triaxial failure and triaxial creep tests are presented and discussed. The application of the developed models to describe the mechanical behaviour of Tournemire shale shows that theoretical predictions are in good agreement with the experimental data. In the present paper, the developed approach is applied to sedimentary rock materials, nevertheless, it can be generalized to any material that exhibits transverse isotropy. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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悬索桥重力式锚碇边坡的长期变形与稳定性是影响该类桥梁结构正常使用的一个关键要素。为合理讨论这一问题,以泸定大渡河桥康定岸重力式锚碇边坡为例,首先开展了现场边坡土体剪切、压缩试验,通过三维弹塑性数值模拟方法确定坡体应力场,基于此确定直剪蠕变试验加载条件,进而针对主要由冰碛土构成的该坡体,进行直剪蠕变试验,根据试验结果揭示的土体蠕变特性随时间逐渐减弱的特征,结合Mohr-Coulomb强度准则,采用Burgers体与广义Kelvin体组成的两时段蠕变本构模型进行锚碇边坡的黏弹塑性分析。考虑锚碇发挥正常使用功能的要求,提出了特征点（散索鞍点）位移容许值判据,将强度折减法扩展应用于黏弹塑性坡体的长期变形与稳定性分析。实例分析表明,该锚碇在正常运营100 a时散索鞍点朝河侧水平位移为13.91 cm,在正常使用极限状态的条件下,锚碇边坡的长期稳定系数为1.71。 相似文献