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1.
Clays associated with the Precambrian unconformity-related (sensu lato) uranium mineralization that occur along fractures of Rohini carbonate, Bandai sandstone and clay-organic rich black carbonaceous Gorakalan shale of the Sonrai Formation from Bijawar Group is significant. Nature and structural complexity of these clays have been studied to understand depositional mechanism and palaeoenvironmental conditions responsible for the restricted enrichment of uranium in the Sonrai basin. Clays (<2 μm fraction) separated from indurate sedimentary rocks by disaggregation, chemical treatment and centrifugation were examined using X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Presence of tv-1M type illite is inferred from the Rohini and Bandai Members of the Sonrai Formation, indicative of high fluid/rock interaction and super-saturation state of the fluids available in proximity with the uranium mineralization. It is observed that the Sonrai Formation is characterized by kaolinite > chlorite > illite > smectite mineral assemblages, whereas, Solda Formation contains kaolinite > illite > chlorite clays. It has been found that the former mineral assemblage resulted from the alteration process is associated with the uranium mineralization and follow progressive reaction series, indicating palaeoenvironmental (cycles of tropical humid to semi-arid/arid) changes prevailed during maturation of the Sonrai basin. The hydrothermal activity possibly associated with Kurrat volcanics is accountable for the clay mineral alterations.  相似文献   

2.
The Bundelkhand massif comprising a variety of Archean-Paleoproterozoic granitoids along with low grade and high-grade metamorphites and located in the centre of the Indian Plate, underwent extension during Paleoproterozoic period, resulting in the formation of homotaxial intracratonic Bijawar and Sonrai basins in the south and Gwalior basin in the northern margin. The Bijawar and Sonrai basins are typified by their characteristic sediments and basic volcanic rocks. A feature common to both the basins, is the overwhelming occurrence of phosphatic rocks across stratigraphy and lithotype in the Bijawar basin and its confinement to the basal part of the sedimentary column in Sonrai basin. Most of these rocks are primarily of marine origin, and later subjected to periods of repeated phosphatic redistribution. Multiple episodes of such phosphatisation culminates in the proliferation and enrichment of phosphate in the upper Bijawar rocks of Bijawar basin (phosphatic breccia of Hirapur-Mardeora) and lower Bijawar rocks of Sonrai basin (phosphatic breccia of Lalitpur). Apart from these established phosphatic rocks in both the basins, quartz reefs occurring in the basement as well as the lower Bijawar Malhera Chert Breccia Formation in Bijawar basin at places are endowed with anomalously high phosphate content. The phosphatic component in all the lithotypes is in the form of apatite varying in form from microcrystalline to well formed coarser crystal aggregate comprising cement, veins and botroidal encrustations. Irrespective of its spatial, temporal and paragenetic position, it invariably registers weak to moderate radioactivity, due to the presence of uranium within it, as is evident from microprobe data. Although intra-grain and inter-grain distribution of uranium is found to be random and erratic, in general, it is observed that uranium tends to be enriched in the later generation phosphates, due to secondary process of dissolution and reprecipitation. The present paper, with fresh inputs from petrological, geochemical, minerochemical and isotope data pertaining to apatite from all these diverse units, not only explores the already established association of uranium and phosphate in these basins but also provides new insight to the phosphatic quartz reef within the basement and the phosphatised arenaceous sediments of the lower Bijawar Formation.  相似文献   

3.
Major, trace and rare earth elements of phosphatic rocks around Sonrai block of Paleo-Mesoproterozoic age having phosphatic breccia, quartzite, shale, sandstone, limestone and ironstone, have been determined to evaluate their correlation, relationship with the phosphorus content, the nature of possible substitution of various elements and regional distribution pattern over the area. The study indicates that the number of elements is substituted in the apatite structures; few of them are associated with phosphate and carbonate minerals. The variable concentration of major, trace and rare earth elements in the phosphatic rocks has been influenced by various physico-chemical processes involved during weathering and leaching of the source rocks. The distribution of the major, trace and rare earth elements is controlled by the environmental variations in the sediment water interface. The majority of trace elements were mainly influenced by the principle adsorbents like the phosphate minerals in addition to clay, iron oxides and silicate minerals. The PAAS normalized REE patterns of Sonrai block of phosphorites are characterized by negative Ce anomalies and Positive Eu anomalies. It is inferred from the distribution and interrelationship of major, trace and rare earth elements that the deposition of phosphate minerals might have occurred in highly oxidizing to slightly reducing conditions in supratidal to intertidal continental margins and shallow marine environment. The deposition was controlled by marine upwelling leading to excess charge of phosphate in certain zones of phosphogenic basins, lithologic facies variations in restricted circulations of basinal waters and electrochemical factors such as negative Eh, pH and other factors, which influenced the deposition of phosphates. The replacement, precipitation in voids and fissures and diagenesis were also important mechanisms of phosphate generation in Sonrai basin. The main source for various elements may be the minerals of cratonic mass of Bundelkhand Granitic Complex, a basement of Bijawar Basin, which also provided land derived phosphorus through weathering of the terrestrial cover.  相似文献   

4.
Sonrai basin, located along the southwestern margin of Bundelkhand Granite-Gneiss Complex (BGC) is known for its base metal and phosphorite mineralization. Uranium mineralization of appreciable grade and thickness was reported in Pisnari block in the northern part of this basin during sub-surface exploration activity in 1976-97. This was in the form of uranium-bitumin association within fractures in the carbonate-terrigenous sediments of Gorakalan shale, Rohini carbonate and Bandai sandstone of Sonrai Formation of Bijawar Group. Similar mineralization was also noted within the lower chloritic shale member of Solda Formation of the same Group. During subsequent drilling activity at a later phase (2005-09), uranium rich zones within Rohini carbonate and chloritic shale members were corroborated by the interception of mineralized bands in two boreholes drilled near Pisnari. Petrographic study of radioactive core samples reveal that uranium mineralization is closely associated with globular carbonaceous matter and sulphides along the fractures. Uranium is either adsorbed in carbonaceous matter or occurs as ultrafine inclusions of coffinite within carbonaceous matter. An additional phase of secondary uranium mineral (uranophane) is also noted in one of the boreholes. The uranium minerals, in association with sulphides, fill up moderately dipping fractures (approximately 15o towards North) which are oblique to the core axis of the inclined borehole and thus, the mineralization is characterized as hydrothermal fracture-controlled vein type mineralisation. C-HN- S analysis of carbonaceous matter occurring in close association with the uranium minerals reveal heterogeneity in composition with respect to carbon and sulfur. The present paper aims at discussing the geological, petrological and radiometric aspects of this mineralization, so as to enhance the understanding of the same.  相似文献   

5.
笔者依据班公湖地区1：25万喀纳幅、日土县幅、羌多幅地质填图和专题研究工作取得的阶段性成果,将班公湖带的多岛弧盆系时空结构厘定为3条蛇绿混杂岩亚带。该3条亚带为盆地所隔,从北而南依次为班公湖带北亚带、班摩掌侏罗纪弧间盆地、班公湖带中亚带、日土-巴尔穷侏罗纪—早白垩世复合弧后盆地和班公湖带南亚带等。初步认为班公湖-怒江特提斯洋经历了晚三叠—早侏罗世往北俯冲、中晚侏罗世早期向北、往南双向俯冲、早白垩世往南俯冲等3次俯冲消亡阶段;同时,讨论了在班公湖带研究中存在的问题及其在反演班公湖-怒江结合带西段构造演化和在找矿方面的意义,以及进一步研究方向。  相似文献   

6.
对准噶尔南缘郝家沟剖面下侏罗统三工河组的沉积相与层序地层特征进行了详细的研究,确认三工河组发育辫状河三角洲沉积。辫状河三角洲包括辫状河三角洲平原亚相、辫状河三角洲前缘亚相和前辫状河三角洲亚相。辫状河三角洲前缘亚相又可进一步划分为水下分流河道、水下分流河道间、席状砂和河口坝等微相类型。三工河组辫状河三角洲沉积除一些层位的辫状河道沉积物颗粒较粗外,主体沉积物以砂岩、粉砂岩和泥岩为主,为砂质辫状河三角洲。运用高分辨率层序地层学基准面旋回划分原理,将三工河组划分为2个中期基准面旋回,下部中期基准面旋回又可划分为4个短期基准面旋回,上部中期基准面旋回发育不完整。  相似文献   

7.
Based on generalization of available geochronological data, Late Mesozoic magmatic associations in the northeastern part of the Amurian microcontinent are divided into three groups: 142–125, 124–115, and <110 Ma. The age of these associations decreases with approaching the Pacific margin of Asia. In the same direction, they show a change in sources of their parental melts: continental crust (142–125 Ma) → continental crust + PREMA (DM) (124–115 Ma) → continental crust + PREMA (DM) + EMII (<110 Ma). Isotope-geochemical (Sr-Nd) study indicates that intrusive and volcanic rocks of the Late Mesozoic magmatic associations in the northeastern part of the Amurian microcontinent were originated in geodynamic settings that provided access of enriched mantle sources to magma formation. The most probable of these settings are as follows: (1) plate sliding accompanying by the formation of slab window beneath continental margin; (2) passage of the Asian margin over the East Asian mantle hot field in the Late Mesozoic; (3) asthenospheric upwelling due to delamination of the lower crust during closure of the Mongolian-Okhotsk ocean caused by collision between the Amurian microcontinent, Dzhugdzhur-Stanovoy, and Selenga-Stanovoy superterranes in the Central Asian fold belt.  相似文献   

8.
The paper presents calculated spectra of El Niño Southern oscillation (ENSO) indices. The ENSO spectra have components with periods that are multiples of the Earth’s free (1.2 years) and forced (18.6 years) nutation periods. Analysis of a 41-year series of exciting functions for the atmospheric angular momentum confirms the existence of such periodicity. Nutation waves responsible for the El Niño phenomena in the ocean, the Southern oscillation in the atmosphere, and the presence of subharmonics of the Chandler period (1.2 years) and superharmonics of the lunar period (18.6 years) in the ENSO spectra are described. A model for the nonlinear nutation of the Earth-ocean-atmosphere system is constructed. In this model, the ENSO, acting at frequencies of combinational resonances, excites the Chandler wobble of the Earth’s poles. At the same time, this wobble interacts with the nutation motions of the atmosphere and World Ocean.  相似文献   

9.
New data on the composition of tagamites (impact melt rocks) of the Popigai atsrobleme (Siberia) are presented. The preliminary results support the following major conclusions: (1) the matrix of the studied tagamites is crystallized and is composed of identified minerals; (2) the degree of the matrix crystallization and the amount of inclusions in tagamites can vary significantly; (3) tagamites are identical to the intracrater gneisses of the Popigai astrobleme by the REE contents and are distinct from them by significantly lower SiO2 and higher Al2O3, FeO, MgO, and CaO contents; (4) the Popigai tagamites and intracrater gneisses are enriched in Ni (on average) in comparison with gneisses of the Khapchan Group; and (5) the various (often sufficient) degrees of crystallization of tagamites indicate the duration of the cooling of the melt, when diamonds could possibly have been dissolved.  相似文献   

10.
传统型铂族矿产，系指与镁铁质岩浆成矿作用有关的铂族矿产资源。华力西运动时期，扬子地台西南缘沿超壳深断裂带发生的大陆裂谷作用，为来自上地幔的镁铁质(拉斑玄武岩质)岩浆的上涌和侵位提供了极为有利的前提条件。含铂基性超基性岩的时空分布，受到大陆裂谷作用的主要发生发展时期和裂谷活动带的控制。通过对典型矿床特征及其成矿作用的探讨，论述了扬子地台西南缘主要的铂族矿床类型；并从四维成矿的角度，阐述了对区域成矿规律的一些基本认识。  相似文献   

11.
楚雄盆地东部晚三叠世沉积环境   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3       下载免费PDF全文
本文着重从野外剖面典型沉积相以及室内资料分析出发,通过对楚雄盆地东部晚三叠世古地貌、岩相、古生物、粒度以及微量元素等方面的分析,探讨盆地东部晚三叠世的沉积环境,认为晚三叠世的沉积环境从海相演变为过渡相和陆相。  相似文献   

12.
准噶尔盆地第三纪磁性地层柱的建立   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：2  
通过对新疆准噶尔盆地第三系３个剖面古地磁样品的分析、测试，在生物地层学研究的基础上，建立了一条较为完整的第三纪磁性地层柱，标定了各组地质年代，为在不同盆地进行对比，提供了新的依据。  相似文献   

13.
大巴山西段寒武纪的三叶虫分带   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1  
<正> 本文的大巴山西段,包括宁强、勉县、南郑、城固及西乡等地区,寒武纪地层发育良好,从上到下包括中寒武统陡坡寺组(小关子组),下寒武统孔明洞组、阎王碥组、仙女洞组、郭家坝组及相当于梅树村阶的地层。化石非常丰富,包括三叶虫、腕足类、古杯、高肌虫,海绵及小亮化石等,其中以三叶虫属种和数量最多,除相当梅树村阶的地层和筇竹寺组下部  相似文献   

14.
Rare-earth elements abundance in black shales of the Upper Jurassic (Tithonian Stage)–Lower Cretaceous (Berriassian Stage) Bazhenov Formation is discussed. This formation is the principal oil source rocks of West Siberia. The deposits within the formation can be subdivided into two main marine groups: (a) moderately hemipelagic deposits (clayey-siliceous, including phosphatic and carbonate rocks) and low-density distal clayey turbidites (argillites), both are considered as normal and (b) silty argillites and clayey-silt rocks, which are channel deposits and considered as anomalous. The hemipelagic rocks of normal sections, which are enriched in the rare-earth elements (REE), accumulated under both slow rates of sedimentation (clayey-siliceous rocks) and faster rates of sedimentation (argillites). The channel deposits of anomalous sections, which are impoverished in the REE, accumulated exclusively under fast rates of sedimentation.Within the hemipelagic group the rate of sedimentation of the argillites was faster than of the clayey-siliceous rocks, but the REE concentration in the former rocks (140.4 ppm) is higher than in the latter group (97.4 ppm). The argillites are more than twice enriched in clayey material than clayey-siliceous rocks. It is likely that the clay fraction was the main carrier of REE in these rocks. In the channel group of rocks, the REE abundance in clayey-silt rocks (21.2 ppm) is lower than in the silty argillite (84.6 ppm), in which the clay content is elevated.With respect to redox potential the Bazhenov Formation rocks can be subdivided further into three groups, based on the degree of pyritization index (DOP): (1) the highly reducing clayey-siliceous rocks of normal sections, with high DOP; (2) the substantially reducing argillites and carbonate rocks of normal sections, with intermediate DOP; (3) the moderately reducing rocks of anomalous sections with low DOP. The rocks with the high DOP (group 1) are characterized by ΣLREE/Σ(M+H)REE ratios between 7.37 and 7.5, whereas the rocks with the lower DOP (group 2 and 3) are characterized by ΣLREE/Σ(M+H)REE ratios between 12.8 and 13.5. Negative Ce anomalies are either small or absent in all deposits, which is typical for reducing conditions.Thus, the Bazhenov Formation exemplifies the complex depositional conditions that influence the REE concentration in black shale. However, it is this very complexity that has contributed to the development of six separate depositional models (REE contents in ppm are given in brackets). (1) Phosphatic clayey-siliceous rocks of normal sections (367.95); (2) argillites of normal sections (130.73); (3) clayey-siliceous rocks of normal sections (85.97); (4) carbonate rocks, largely dolomites of normal sections (23.23); (5) silty argillites of anomalous sections (78.7) and (6) clayey-silt rocks of anomalous sections (19.66).  相似文献   

15.
彭润民  王建平 《地学前缘》2020,27(2):420-441
狼山-渣尔泰山是华北克拉通北缘西段元古宙伸展构造体制下被动陆缘的重要热水喷流成矿带,内产东升庙、炭窑口、霍各乞、甲生盘等大型-超大型矿床,其含矿建造是元古宇渣尔泰山群。该成矿带的主体在狼山山脉主峰地区,产有东升庙、炭窑口、霍各乞三大矿床。自2010年在狼山西南原渣尔泰山群阿古鲁沟组地层中发现新元古代酸性火山岩(锆石年龄816~805 Ma)以来,其东部狼山主峰地区的渣尔泰山群及产在其中的炭窑口、东升庙、霍各乞矿床是否也都可以归于新元古代形成是需要进一步研究的重要科学问题。本文依据的事实有:(1)狼山西南新元古界的碎屑锆石最小年龄为1 155 Ma与碳酸盐岩是方解石大理岩;(2)炭窑口矿区渣尔泰山群顶部刘鸿湾组地层的碎屑锆石年龄的两个年龄峰值分别为1 862~1 762 Ma(最小年龄为1 732 Ma)和2 448 Ma,所含碳酸盐岩全部是白云石大理岩类;(3)狼山北侧狼山群含矿岩组中发现年龄为887 Ma±的新元古代基性火山岩; (4)霍各乞矿床含重晶石与微晶长石的硅质层发育,多与黄铁矿层互层状产出,也有与闪锌矿+磁黄铁矿及方铅矿层互层,激光原位分析得到的黄铁矿、方铅矿、闪锌矿和磁黄铁矿的δ34S为17.60‰~21.97‰,显示喷流成矿的硫同位素组成特征。根据以上事实可以确认:(1)狼山西南含酸性火山岩与方解石大理岩的前寒武纪地层是与狼山南侧炭窑口矿区含白云石大理岩的渣尔泰山群在不同盆地中沉积而成;(2)狼山南侧是中元古代裂谷带,产有以炭窑口、东升庙矿床为代表的中元古代喷流-沉积成矿系统;(3)狼山北侧是新元古代裂谷带,产有以霍各乞矿田为代表的新元古代热水喷流成矿系统。产在新元古代狼山群中的霍各乞矿是介于SEDEX型与VMS型之间、但靠近SEDEX型一侧的热水喷流-沉积矿床。  相似文献   

16.
李亮  蒋少涌 《岩石学报》2009,25(11):2877-2888
邓家山是长江中下游成矿带九瑞矿集区西北部的一处矽卡岩型Cu-Au-Mo矿床.矿区与成矿关系密切的岩体为花岗闪长斑岩.本文通过锆石SHRIMP U-Pb定年确定,该岩体侵位于早白垩世早期(138.2±1.8Ma).常微量元素分析结果表明,邓家山花岗闪长斑岩具有埃达克质岩的地球化学特征,表现为高Sr(＞650×10~(-6))、Ba(＞700×10~(-6)),低Y(＜12×10~(-6)),Yb(＜1×10~(-6)),Nb(＜10×10~(-6)),Ta(＜0.7×10~(-6)),富集轻稀土而强烈亏损重稀土(LREE/HREE=12.2～13.5).邓家山花岗闪长斑岩的~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr,为0.7068～0.7071,ε_(Nd)(t)为-2.7～-2.3,Nd同位素两阶段模式年龄T_(2DM)为1.13Ga～1.15Ga.锆石的Hf同位素分析结果表明,~(176)Ht/~(177)Hf值为0.282475～0.282539,计算的ε_(Hf)(t))值为-5.2～-7.5,Hf同位素两阶段模式年龄T2DM为1.52Ga～1.67Ga.全岩ε_(Nd)(t)与锆石ε_(Hf)(t))之间出现了较为明显的Nd-Hf同位素解耦.根据以上特征,我们认为邓家山花岗闪长斑岩是壳幔相互作用的产物,即增厚下地壳拆沉并部分熔融,岩浆在上升过程中又与地幔橄榄岩发生大规模混染.  相似文献   

17.
We discuss nine palinspastic geological maps (Plates 1–9), at scale, which depict the evolution of the Tethys belt from the Pliensbachian (190 Ma) to the Tortonian (10 Ma). A Present structural map (Plate 10) is shown for comparison at the same scale with the same conventions. Our reconstructions are based on a kinematic synthesis (Savostin et al., 1986), a paleomagnetic synthesis (Westphal et al., 1986) and geological compilations and analyses concerning in particular the western domain (Ricou et al., 1986), the eastern passive margins (Kazmin et al., 1986a), the eastern active margins (Kazmin et al., 1986b), the Black Sea-Caspian Sea basins (Zonenshain and Le Pichon, 1986) and the ophiolites (Knipper et al., 1986).  相似文献   

18.
The Armorican Massif (western France) provides an excellent record of the Palaeozoic history of the Variscan belt. Following the Late Neoproterozoic Cadomian orogeny, the Cambro-Ordovician rifting was associated with oceanic spreading. The Central- and North-Amorican domains (which together constitute the core of the Armorica microplate) are bounded by two composite suture zones. To the north, the Léon domain (correlated with the “Normannian High” and the “Mid-German Crystalline Rise” in the Saxo-Thuringian Zone) records the development of a nappe stack along the northern suture zone, and was backthrusted over the central-Armorican domain during the Carboniferous. To the south, an intermediate block (“Upper Allochthon”) records a complex, polyorogenic history, with an early high-temperature event followed by the first generation of eclogites (Essarts). This intermediate block overthrusts to the north the Armorica microplate (Saint-Georges-sur-Loire), to the south: (i) relics of an oceanic domain; and (ii) the Gondwana palaeomargin. The collision occurred during a Late Devonian event, associated with a second generation of eclogites (Cellier).  相似文献   

19.
阿尔金断裂带对青藏高原北部生长、隆升的制约   总被引：62，自引：3，他引：59  
大量的同位素年代学证据表明(古)阿尔金断裂带可能形成于三叠纪,后又经历了侏罗纪、白垩纪的强烈左旋走滑活动,自印度板块与欧亚大陆碰撞后阿尔金断裂再次活动。主要的走滑活动发生在:(1)245~220Ma;(2)180~140Ma;(3)120~100Ma;(4)90~80Ma;(5)60~45Ma;(6)渐新世至中新世;(7)上新世至更新世以及(8)全新世。沿阿尔金断裂带,伴随左旋走滑活动形成一系列的逆冲断裂和正断裂,反映走滑过程中伴随隆升作用的存在,并且形成自北向南包括祁连山、大雪山、党河南山、柴北缘山、祁漫塔格山和昆仑山,表明阿尔金断裂带制约着青藏高原北部的生长和隆升。阿尔金断裂带东、西两端的白垩纪和新生代火山活动是断裂走滑活动的响应。  相似文献   

20.
叶大年  董麒 《沉积学报》1992,10(4):1-10
液态的碳氢化合物分子体积等于官能团拓扑体积之和,即服从于加和性原则。在不同的烃类中相同的官能团有十分接近的体积贡献。官能团的拓扑体积,V（CH2）=27.24Å3,V（CH3）=55.11Å3,V（-CH=CH2）=70.12Å3,V（-CH=CH-）=40.98Å3,V（-C≡CH）=51.58Å3,V（-C≡C-）=21.18Å3,V（H）端部=29.32Å3。V（C6H5-）=120.08Å3,V（-C6H4-）=89.92Å3,V（-C6H4=）=61.51Å3。液态碳氢化合物的分子体积还可以用如下公式来表示。V=k+13.89·C+6.67HÅ3）K为液体常数,烷、烯和炔K=40,苯同系物K=25,环烷烃K=15。C、H分别是分子中C和H的原子数。  相似文献   

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