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1.
中国城市群城市用地扩张时空动态特征 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：7
认识城市群城市用地扩张特征、扩张质量及景观生态效应等综合信息将有助于城市群空间高质量发展规划与决策。选取10个不同发育等级的城市群作为研究对象,综合运用城市用地扩张强度指数、城市用地扩张强度差异指数、景观扩张指数、景观格局指数,分析1990—2015年期间城市群城市用地扩张时空特征及景观生态效应,并构建人口、经济与城市用地协同发展指数,据此分析城市用地扩张中“人—地”关系协同程度。结果表明：① 1990—2015年,各个城市群城市用地面积持续增加,建成区的范围不断扩大,扩张强度呈现“上升—下降”的趋势;在2010年之前成熟型城市群的扩张强度最高,2010年之后培育型城市群成为扩张强度最高的类型。② 城市群城市用地扩张总体上呈现不均衡布局的趋势,高速扩张区域主要分布在沿海地区。从全国视角来看,东部高于中、西、东北部,整体城市群快速扩张的中心由东向西移动。③ 城市群城市用地空间扩张模式表现出边缘式和飞地式两种空间扩张模式并存,不同发育等级之间具有明显差异性,成熟型城市群的空间结构较为稳定,其他两种类型的城市群空间结构初具雏形或尚未形成。④ 城市群城市用地扩张“吞没”了郊区和农村地区,破碎化程度、形状的复杂程度较高,景观格局表现出不稳定。⑤ 城市群“人口—土地”协同程度逐步增强,“经济—土地”协同程度整体较高,整体上表现出城市用地扩张质量有所提升。新时期城市群城市用地应严格控制扩张规模,加快中小城市的发展,促进城市群城市用地扩张均衡发展,为城市群国土空间高质量发展提供重要参考。 相似文献
2.
哈大城市带网络结构韧性演化研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
网络结构韧性是城市空间组织未来发展的重要指向,是社会经济稳定性与恢复力的结构保障。论文借鉴复杂网络指标,构建城市网络结构韧性演化评价模型,以哈大城市带为例,对比分析多重城市网络结构韧性的演化特征。结果表明：① 多重城市网络层级性与匹配性存在分异,在层级性上,交通和金融网络趋于扁平,信息和创新网络趋于立体;在匹配性上,交通和创新网络分别表现为同配性与异配性且特征强化,金融和信息网络为异配性但特征削弱。② 网络结构韧性类型相对稳定,交通运输网络为“同配—核心边缘网络”,金融、信息与创新网络为“韧性网络”;韧性演化综合水平表现为创新合作网络>信息关联网络>0>金融联系网络>交通运输网络。③ 可以从整体结构、片区差异和要素流动三方面优化网络结构韧性演化水平。 相似文献
3.
Meiyan Zhao Hongyan Cai Zhi Qiao 《International journal of geographical information science》2016,30(12):2421-2441
The urban heat island (UHI) effect resulting from rapid urbanization is attracting increasing attention among the global scientific community. This research analyzed the relationship between urban expansion and the UHI effect utilizing an integrated approach, including urban land interpretation and retrieving land surface temperature based on remote sensing, and spatial overlay analysis for revealing the relationship for different time periods between 1984 and 2014 in Shanghai, China. The results show that (1) the spatiotemporal changes in UHI are consistent with the expansion of urban land, and rapid urban expansion leads to an expansion of the UHI, in particular along roadways. (2) The mode of urban expansion is an important factor influencing the UHI effect. Urban sprawl (urban expansion in the edge-expansion way) is a form of typical expansion that leads to the rapid increase in the UHI. When the urban compactness ratio is less than 0.15, a compact design can effectively control the expansion rate of the UHI and mitigate its range of influence and intensity. However, when the urban compactness ratio is greater than 0.15, the urban design has a marked influence on the UHI ratio index: a more compact form produces a stronger UHI effect. So, finding an equilibrium between urban compactness ratio and urban expansion rate is good for effective urban management and planning. 相似文献
4.
Resisting urban renewal in Istanbul 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Ozan Karaman 《Urban geography》2013,34(2):290-310
In this article I examine grassroots responses to state-directed urban renewal in two poor neighborhoods in Istanbul. Through detailed analysis of resident perspectives and urban association tactics, I explore various factors that shape the trajectories of resistance to urban renewal, including solidarity networks, levels of participation and trust in local neighborhood associations, strength of neighborhood identity, extra-local support, and the traditions and channels of negotiation with state actors. I argue that these factors are articulated by a distinct “politics of compensation”—a term that I borrow from Ananya Roy—that is particular to the contemporary neoliberal condition. I find that grassroots mobilizations in Istanbul do not necessarily operate in opposition to neoliberalism; in fact, many struggles remain within the conceptual space of neoliberalism and its cost-benefit calculations. These findings contribute to the emerging literature on struggles against urban renewal in the global south. 相似文献
5.
基于网络分析的城市影响区和城市群空间范围识别 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：1
以不打破行政界线为前提,利用Huff模型,基于矢量数据,采用最短交通路网距离和城市综合规模值来综合测算腹地与中心城市之间的势能,根据势能确定腹地县域的归属,对全国地级及以上城市的空间影响范围进行识别,并和基于改进场强模型的城市影响腹地范围界定结果进行对比。以全国发育较成熟的15个城市群为对象,综合测定城市群的影响范围,并与城市群规划中的空间范围进行对比,提出城市群空间范围调整建议。并以长株潭城市群为例,通过社会网络分析方法,综合分析测定城市群的空间影响范围。研究结果可为城市(群)规划提供科学依据和方法参考。 相似文献
6.
广佛同城化发展的热岛效应研究 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
在新常态区域协同发展的机制下,同城化发展的进程不断加快,由此导致的热岛效应影响不断凸显。城市热岛效应的时空变化,是土地利用类型的改变和人们活动等相互作用的结果。本文以广佛同城区域为例,采用2000年和2010年珠三角的土地利用类型数据,利用WRF(Weather & Research Forecasting Model)气象数值模式,分析广佛同城化加速发展带来的热岛效应强度变化。同时,应用连续变化的灯光数据提取2000-2010年间广佛的建成区变化,从个人口密度、户籍数及工业生产总值等角度出发,对广佛同城化区域热岛强度的湿度变化进行相关性和二元回归分析,研究同城化过程中对热岛效应产生的决定性影响。研究表明,广佛交界处的荔湾、南海、白云、三水、番禺、顺德等地区的气温明显高于其他地区,而月平均相对湿度明显低于其他地区,形成大范围的城市热岛和城市干岛。研究还发现,随着建成区面积的增加,热岛强度增强;人口增长及地区生产总值的变化,与广佛同城化区域热岛强度的相关系数超过0.68。总体而言,广佛同城化发展带来人类活动的加强与土地利用类型的改变,对热岛效应具有重要的影响。 相似文献
7.
城市景观格局对城市内涝的影响研究——以深圳市为例 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
近年来,城市内涝问题频发,引发了强烈关注。现有有关城市内涝问题的研究多关注土地利用与城市内涝的关系,而对于城市景观格局对城市内涝影响的研究则不多。本文以内涝问题严重的深圳市为研究区,利用深圳市2014年5月11日暴雨期间内涝点数据（共278个）,选取类型水平上的最大斑块面积比例（Largest Patch Index, LPI）、斑块聚集度（Patch Cohesion Index, PCI）、景观破碎度（Landscape Division Index, DIVISION）、景观水平的蔓延度（Contagion Index, CONTAG）、香农多样性指数（Shannon's Diversity Index, SHDI）共5个景观指数,并结合土地利用类型、不透水率、植被覆盖度、降雨量、地形地势及雨水管网密度等内涝影响因子,运用相关分析和多元逐步回归分析,探究深圳市景观格局对内涝的影响。结果表明：① 土地利用类型中,住宅用地等建设用地对内涝灾害影响最大,其面积比例的增加会加剧区域内涝程度;② 城市各类型景观格局特征中,建设用地斑块的优势度、聚集度越高,景观破碎化程度越低,区域的内涝程度越高,绿地的景观格局对城市内涝的影响与建设用地相反;③ 城市整体景观特征中,景观整体越复杂越不易引发内涝灾害;④ 不透水率等人为因素比降雨量等自然因素对城市内涝的影响程度大。本研究的结果可以使人关注到地表景观格局对内涝的重要作用,为内涝治理和景观格局的规划管理提供参考和借鉴。 相似文献
8.
城市群视角下空间联系与城市扩张的关联分析 总被引：5，自引：3，他引：2
在城市群发展的不同阶段,城市扩张表现出不同的时空特征。从城市群视角研究城市扩张的时空规律,对于理解城市扩张与城市群网络化组织结构之间的复杂耦合关系具有重要意义。本文以长江三角洲城市群为例,基于交通网络、引力模型和空间句法模型,结合1980、1990、2000和2010年Landsat遥感影像提取建设用地扩张信息,计算城市扩张强度与速度指标;采用核心城市可达性与空间相互作用力强度分析城市的交通网络区位;采用空间句法模型计算城市交通网络的通达性和城市在城市群交通路网中的地位。结果表明：城市扩张强度与核心城市可达性、核心城市空间相互作用力强度、空间句法变量指标呈正相关关系。城市扩张速度与上述指标在第一阶段(1980-1990年)和第二阶段(1990-2000年)呈正相关关系;但在第三阶段(2000-2010年)整体表现为负相关,分布在城市群外围、交通路网联系程度较低的城市扩张速度更快,呈现出空间收敛的趋势。表明城市群中的城市空间联系在城市扩张中起到重要但又不断演变的作用,研究结果对于长三角城市群规划和其他城市群城市扩张调控具有借鉴意义。 相似文献
9.
批判实在论在城市空间研究中的应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
批判实在论是一种有关社会科学的哲学理论,它从浅显易懂的本体论出发,抨击了传统科学研究中背离客观实在的种种理想主义倾向,如对“规律性”的迷信、对计量分析方法的过分依赖等。在上世纪80年代批判实在论被引入到西方城市空间研究中、发展为一种新的研究范式,该范式在对传统空间分析研究的批判基础上强调对空间现象的因果机制的阐释,提出了有关因果机制的概念框架,认为只有透过错综复杂的因果关系去把握决定事物的深层结构和机制,才能避免传统研究中常出现的“混乱归因”现象,为此发展了具体研究和抽象研究、深入研究和广泛研究相结合的研究方法,并将其应用于城市空间研究实践中。本研究对批判实在论范式的产生背景和哲学基础等进行了分析,介绍了其理论脉络、方法论和研究实践,并对该范式进行了评价。 相似文献
10.
Hausladen G 《Soviet geography》1987,28(2):71-89
Future trends in urbanization in the USSR east of the Urals are considered using official Soviet data from 1959 to 1985. "Absolute and relative growth and growth rates are calculated for economic regions, oblast-level administrative entities, and individual cities, as well as for city-size categories. The nature of Siberian growth suggests that in addition to serving as centers of resource exploitation, Siberian cities also function as growth poles for more integrated development. The analysis serves as the preliminary stage for proposed future research on the extent of Siberian urban development and the integration of Siberia into the Soviet economy." 相似文献
11.
城市非渗透面(Impervious Surface Areas,ISA)的覆盖,强烈地改变了区域土壤理化性状,从而在不同尺度上影响着生态系统碳循环。ISA下土壤样品获得的困难性致使对ISA所封存的土壤有机碳(Soil Organic Carbon beneath ISA,SOCISA)及其分布特征的认识极为缺乏。为揭示ISA下土壤理化特征,本文收集天山北坡城市群在建工程ISA下27个100 cm深土壤样品,同时采集对应ISA点邻近的渗透面(Pervious Surface Areas,PSA)样品作对比分析。利用Landsat 8图像提取了研究区ISA与PSA面积,并结合实测值估算SOC储量。研究发现:1干旱区城市100 cm深土壤剖面平均SOCISA=5.74±0.39 kg C·m-2,显著低于其邻近PSA下的SOC;ISA下土壤容重(Bulk Density,BD)BDISA=1.58±0.02 g·cm-3,显著高于其邻近BDPSA约5%(p0.01)。2两种地表下SOC和BD均随着深度加深而降低,通过与土层深度的线性拟合,SOCISA和BDISA具有明显降低趋势,PSA下SOC和BD并无显著规律;深层土壤(60~100 cm)SOCPSA显著高于SOCISA(p0.05),两者间并无稳定的比例关系。3天山北坡城市群SOCISA为总城市土壤碳库的68%,单个城市SOCISA比例50%以上,SOCISA构成干旱区城市土壤碳库的主体。本文不仅加深了对城市ISA下土壤理化性状的了解,而且对评估城市乃至全球生态系统碳循环及碳评估具有重要意义。 相似文献
12.
Urban resilience, a new urban development and governance agenda, is being rolled out from the top down by a network of public, private, non-profit sector actors forming a global urban resilience complex: producing norms that circulate globally, creating assessment tools rendering urban resilience technical and managerial, and commodifying urban resilience such that private sector involvement becomes integral to urban development planning and governance. The Rockefeller Foundation's 100 Resilience Cities Program is at the center of this complex, working with the World Bank, global consultants, NGOs, and private sector service providers to enroll cities, develop and circulate urban resilience assessment tools, and create a market catalyzed by the notion of a resilience dividend. Notwithstanding the claim of this program being open and inclusive, aspects of its initial operationalization in Jakarta suggest that urban resilience assessment tools preempt alternative understandings of urban resilience and marginalizing voices of the city's most vulnerable populations. 相似文献
13.
Pannell C 《The Journal of geography》1995,94(3):394-403
This article describes recent changes in urban patterns in Shanghai-Nanjing, Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan, Canton-Hong Kong, and Dalian-Shenyang. The urban patterns in these metropolitan areas are viewed as part of an urban transition that is responding to population growth, a structural shift in employment, relaxed rules on migration and household registration, and foreign investment and trade. It is argued that these metropolitan coastal areas will form the key growth centers and will lead China's economic development. Urban transition is defined as the shift from rural to urban and from agricultural employment to industrial, commercial, or service employment. China's large cities always dominated as important centers of politics and trade. The recent shift is from interior to coastal cities due to a new world view and a movement away from the isolationism of prior centuries. It is assumed that cities are formed to take advantage of economies of scale in production, consumption, and distribution and to conform to regional specialization. Governments can intervene in growth processes. China's development of cities reflects state controls and market forces. The size and scale of China's population influenced the development process, which resulted in differences in the shape and process of the urban transition. It was under Chinese communism that cities became more than a set of discrete regional urban systems. Reference is made to Oshima's model of change that is specific to monsoon countries. Oshima argues that monsoon agricultural conditions require a distinct strategy based on full employment in order to achieve industrial transition. Rice cultivation requires a large and disciplined labor force. The discussion focuses on other models as well, such as the McGee's model of the extended metropolis and its extension by Zhou Yixing to China. China's changes may not follow Skeldon's models of urbanization in developing countries, because of state control of migration. However, the longer migrants remain in cities the more likely Skeldon's models of early European transitions apply to China's urban transition. 相似文献
14.
The notion of the “urban experiment” has become increasingly prevalent and popular as a guiding concept and trope used by both scholars and policymakers, as well as by corporate actors with a stake in the future of the city. In this paper, we critically engage with this emerging focus on “urban experiments”, and with its articulation through the associated concepts of “living labs”, “future labs”, “urban labs” and the like. A critical engagement with the notion of urban experimentation is now not only useful, but a necessity: we introduce seven specific areas that need critical attention when considering urban experiments: these are focused on normativity, crisis discourses, the definition of “experimental subjects”, boundaries and boundedness, historical precedents, “dark” experiments and non-human experimental agency. 相似文献
15.
在“大众创业、万众创新”的时代背景下,流动人口机会型创业的发生机制是亟待深入研究的问题。论文通过关注个体资本禀赋和城市环境2个层面因素,对比跨省、省内跨市和市内跨县3类不同范围的流动群体,剖析了中国城市流动人口机会型创业的影响机制。结果表明：① 中国城市流动人口的总体机会型创业率较低,但跨省流动人口的创业率高于省内跨市和市内跨县流动人口;② 不同资本禀赋对3类流动人口机会型创业产生了差异化影响。社会资本与经济资本之间存在互补关系,随着流动范围的扩大,社会资本对流动人口机会型创业的影响不断增强,经济资本的影响则逐渐减弱;③ 城市环境解释了10%~20%的流动人口机会型创业决策变异,流动范围越大,流动人口对外在环境的变化越敏感,尤其劳动力市场分割状况显著影响了跨省流动人口的创业决策。此外,个体资本禀赋与城市环境的相互作用对机会型创业的影响同时存在着负向和正向2种效应。针对不同流动范围人口机会型创业的影响机制及其差异性的探讨,可为完善城市创业支持体系提供科学依据。 相似文献
16.
澳门的城市性质及其在我国城市体系中的地位和作用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
文章分析了澳门城市形成和发展的历史基础,其性质和功能特点,当前的经济结构状况及其发展条件。在此基础上指出了它的发展方向,以及在中国恢复行使主权和特别行政区高度自治(“一国两制”)条件下的区域经济一体化的途径。 相似文献
17.
Julien Grunfelder Thomas Sick Nielsen 《Geografisk tidskrift / udgivet af Bestyrelsen for Det Kongelige danske geografiske selskab》2013,113(1):2-14
This paper is an empirical investigation of the relation between urban form and commuting behaviour in a polycentric urban region. It explores to what extent urban form and location variables help to explain commuting time, distance and mode based on an empirical case, East Jutland, which is a polycentric urban region in Denmark. Data from the National Transport Survey of Denmark were used for this quantitative analysis and two time periods were selected to highlight any potential changes over time. Empirical findings indicate that urban form and location variables help to explain the three selected aspects of commuting. However, urban form variables have greater explanatory power in explaining commuting modes than commuting time and commuting distance. No general trends in commuting were detectable from the data. Finally, the empirical findings revealed specificities of the case study. For instance, two of the important findings are that the distance to the closest urban centre is an important factor which affects the three selected aspects of commuting, while the distance from the residence to the closest large city (i.e. second-ranked city) is associated with a relatively short commuting distance in East Jutland. 相似文献
18.
《The Australian geographer》1986,17(1):77-84
Completion of the Atlas of population and housing, 1981 census series (Australia. Division of National Mapping et al.1983, 1984a‐f) marks the culmination of a decade of work in the urban social atlas field. But over that period there is evidence of increasing divergence of purpose, from initially twin objectives, theoretical and applied, to the avowedly applied focus of recent efforts. The future would appear to be seen by many practitioners in purely applied terms. Recent developments in expert systems and artificial intelligence, however, will require the reforging of links between conceptual thinking and technical advancement. 相似文献
19.
Jantien Stoter Henk de Kluijver Vinaykumar Kurakula 《International journal of geographical information science》2013,27(8):907-924
Noise mapping is the process of determining and visualizing noise impact on the environment in order to support environmental policies. Currently most noise impact studies are based on a 2D approach. The 3D output of noise simulation software is processed and visualized in 2D and combined with 2D topographical and other data, such as population distribution, to quantify the effects. The research described in this paper aims at improving visualization and assessment of noise impact on the environment by generating a 3D noise map in cases where 3D effects are relevant. Based on the specific demand, an approach is presented to generate a 3D noise map as a basis for noise impact studies. The proposed concept is proofed by applying it to a sample noise impact study. From experiences with the sample, it can be concluded that the 3D noise map offers significant insight in situations where 3D noise effects are relevant, i.e. in urban areas. Here, current 2D noise maps have limitations. In addition, more accurate assessment of noise impact is possible in particular when different floors of a building close to the noise source and/or behind noise barriers are considered. This paper also elaborates on accuracy aspects in all phases of noise modelling, including a presentation of initial experiments of 3D noise interpolation. 相似文献
20.
Since their post-war inception, Sydney's metropolitan plans have tended to be overtaken by the social, economic and environmental conditions they have had to confront. The depth and scope of Sydney's recent urban transformation threatens again to overtake metropolitan planning capacity creating, in the context of competitive globalisation, a potentially significant market disadvantage for the city, not to mention poor urban development outcomes. This paper reviews Sydney's post-war metropolitan planning strategies, examining the social and economic contexts and the policy paradigms in which they have been framed, in order to draw out the lessons to be learned from their successes and failures. We argue that future success in planning urban development will rely on richly informed and fine-grained understanding of the complex spatial outcomes of Sydney's ever-deeper global integration. Only such fine-grained understanding can empower metropolitan planning to be responsive to the evolving challenges of managing development in the contemporary urban context. 相似文献