共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 281 毫秒
1.
《广东海洋大学学报》2013,(6)
采用半静水生物测试法,研究亚硝酸盐氮对红鳍东方鲀(Takifugu rubripes)(9.59.8 g)的急性毒性及对部分肝脏抗氧化酶活性的影响。结果表明,在急性毒性实验中,亚硝酸盐氮对红鳍东方鲀的24、48、72和96 h半致死质量浓度(LC50)分别为201.88、190.57、171.09、159.25 mg/L,安全质量浓度为15.92 mg/L;在亚急性毒性实验中,当红鳍东方鲀分别在5.3、10.6,15.9、21.2 mg/L亚硝酸盐氮中暴露4周时,其肝脏总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性随亚硝酸盐氮浓度的升高均被显著抑制,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),表明亚硝酸盐氮会对鱼体的抗氧化能力产生影响。 相似文献
2.
【目的】研究波纹龙虾(Panulirus homarus)胚胎对生态因子的耐受能力,为龙虾繁殖提供数据。【方法】采用封闭静水实验方法和常规生物急性毒性实验法。在温度(30±0.5)℃,盐度30,pH(8.10±0.1)和溶解氧(DO)为(5.0±0.5)mg/L条件下,分别进行温度、盐度、pH的骤变和渐变对波纹龙虾胚胎存活影响研究;根据急性毒性预实验结果设置等对数间距浓度值,进行氨氮和亚硝酸盐氮对波纹龙虾胚胎的急性毒性实验。【结果与结论】波纹龙虾胚胎发育的温度、盐度和pH耐受范围分别为7~36℃、15~45和5.8~9.4;波纹龙虾胚胎适宜温度为15~30℃,适宜盐度为30~35,适宜pH为7.0~8.5;氨氮和亚硝酸盐氮毒性效应与浓度和暴露时间呈正相关。氨氮和亚硝酸盐氮暴露24~96 h,波纹龙虾胚胎存活率组间存在显著性差异(P<0.05)。氨氮对波纹龙虾胚胎24、48、72和96 h的半致死浓度(LC50)分别是180.46、61.11、41.87、26.58 mg/L,安全浓度(SC)为2.66 mg/L;亚硝酸盐氮对波纹龙虾胚胎24、48、72和96 h的LC50分别是839.50、423.75、214.48、135.41 mg/L,SC为13.54 mg/L。 相似文献
3.
对600尾菊黄东方[鱼屯]（Takfugu flavidus） 1龄幼鱼在池塘养殖条件下的生长特性进行研究。结果表明;菊 黄东方[鱼屯]67日龄幼鱼经过127d的培育后,体长从（ 3.53±0.73）cm增至（ 10.33±0.98） cm,日均增长0.054 cm, 体长增长率193.14%;体质量从（2.41± 1.60）g增至（ 54.39±13.62 ） g,日均增重0.413 g,体质量增长率2135.8%, 体质量与体长呈幕函数关系,关系式为：W=0.0448L30570 （R2=0.9922）, b值接近于3,属等速生长型。体长 （l）与日龄（t）表现为线性相关：l= 0.0585t ＋ 3.7811 （R2= 0.9621 ）,体质量（w）与日龄（t）表现为指数相 关：w=3.3211e00286t （R2=0.9363）。 相似文献
4.
用溴氯海因（BCDMH）和二溴海因（DBDMH）两种消毒剂对吉富罗非鱼进行急性毒性试验，研究吉富罗非鱼对海因类消毒剂的耐受性。结果表明：溴氯海因对吉富罗非鱼苗的24h LC50、48h LC50和安全浓度分别为9．61、8．66、2．11mg／L，二溴海因对吉富罗非鱼苗的24h LC50、48h LC50和安全浓度分别9．89、9．78、2．87mg／L。 相似文献
5.
以脂肪质量分数分别为5.77%、7.71%、8.93%、11.89%、13.75%、16.42%的饲料饲喂红鳍东方鲀(Takifugurubripe)幼鱼56 d,测定其肝脏抗氧化酶活力和总抗氧化能力,并对其肝脏、肠及肌肉进行组织学观察,研究不同饲料脂肪水平对红鳍东方鲀幼鱼肝脏抗氧化酶活力及组织结构的影响。结果表明,5.77%组过氧化氢酶(CAT)活力与其他各组间有显著性差异(P<0.05)。总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)活力的最高值出现在8.93%组,且显著高于其他各组(P<0.05)。饲料脂肪水平大于8.93%的实验组间超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活力差异不显著(P>0.05),且显著低于8.93%组;5.77%、7.71%、8.93%组呈增加趋势,且各组间差异显著(P<0.05)。谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-PX)活力的峰值出现在13.75%组,且显著高于其他各组(P<0.05),总体呈先增加后降低的趋势。组织学观察表明,5.77%、7.71%、8.93%组,虽然肝脏也有脂肪空泡存在,但是肝脏、肠和肌肉组织结构完整,无明显病变现象;11.89%、13.75%、16.42%组的肝脏、肠和肌肉均有不同程度的病变现象,各组间差别明显。由此认为,脂肪水平为8.93%组,抗氧化酶活力最高,该脂肪水平下的饲料对红鳍东方鲀幼鱼肝脏代谢最有利,组织结构完整无病变。 相似文献
6.
钻井泥浆和消油剂对合浦珠母贝稚贝的急性毒性试验 总被引：6，自引：2，他引：4
以合浦珠母贝稚贝为测试对象，比较了三种钻井泥浆和消油剂的96h急性毒性效应。实验结果表明，钻井泥浆对合浦珠母贝稚的半致死浓度大于10^5mg/L；三种消油剂的半致死浓度分别为1258mg/L,4469mg/L和2545mg/L。 相似文献
7.
以合浦珠母贝稚贝为测试对象 ,比较了三种钻井泥浆和消油剂的 96h急性毒性效应。实验结果表明 ,钻井泥浆对合浦珠母贝稚贝的半致死浓度大于 10 5mg/ L;三种消油剂的半致死浓度分别为12 58mg/ L ,4 4 69mg/ L和 2 545mg/ L。 相似文献
8.
4种重金属离子及其混合液对壶状臂尾轮虫的急性毒性试验 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
研究了铜、锌、镉、铅离子及其混合液对壶状臂尾轮虫(Brachionus urceus)的急性毒性影响，实验结果表明，Cu^2 、Zn^2 、Cd^2 、Pb^2 对壶状臂尾轮虫的24h LC50分别为83．18μg/L、4．27mg／L、7．60mg／L、23．44mg／L，将4种离子按照质量比120：20：6：1的比例配成混合金属溶液，其混合液对壶状臂尾轮虫的24h LC50为0．42mg／L。 相似文献
9.
5种除草剂对白鲢鱼种急性毒性试验 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以白鲢（Hypophthalmicthys molitris）为实验材料，研究常用除草剂对鱼类的毒性效应。结果表明：采用直线回归法求得的96h LC50值分别为：2，4-D丁酯0．185mg/L，可信限0．138～0．247mg／L；丁草胺0．080mg/L，可信限0．067～0．097mg/L；使它隆3．80mg/L，可信限2．68—5．40mg／L；艾割18．60mg／L，可信限14．80～23．32mg/L；嗪草酮108．80mg/L，可信限91．46～129．72mg／L。对鱼类安全浓度分别为0．019mg／L，0．38mg／L，0.008mg／L，1.86mg／L and 10．88mg／L。 相似文献
10.
不同pH和盐度下氨氮对方斑东风螺的毒性研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在不同海水盐度和pH的条件下进行了氨氮对日龄30d的方斑东风螺（Babrylonia areolata）的急性毒性试验。结果表明：海水盐度和pH对氨氮的毒性有较大的影响，水温为29～30℃条件下，当盐度为18、23、28时，氨氮对方斑东风螺的安全浓度分别为9．39、10．40、11．97mg／L，盐度越低氨氮毒性越强；当pH为6．5、7．5,8．5时，氨氮对方斑东风螺的安全浓度分别为18．500、14．080、10．200mg／L，pn值越高氨氮毒性越强。 相似文献
11.
Different amounts of vitamin C were added to diets fed to juveniles(2.5 ± 0.15 g) of sea cucumber Apostichopus japonic u s(Selenka) in an attempt to reduce the stress response of specimens exposed to nitrite stress. A commercial feed was used as the control diet and three experimental diets were made by supplementing 1 000, 1 500, or 2 000 mg vitamin C/kg diet to control diet separately in a 45-day experiment. Sea cucumbers were exposed to three different levels(0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 mg/L) of nitrite stress for 4, 8, and 12 h at four time intervals(0, 15, 30, and 45 d). Growth of the animals was recorded during the experiment. Reactive oxygen species(ROS)(i.e. hydroxyl free radical(-OH), malondialdehyde(MDA) and total antioxidant capacity(T-AOC)) and antioxidant enzyme activities(i.e., superoxide dismutase(SOD) and catalase(CAT)) were measured. Response surface methodology(RSM) was used to analyze the effect of multiple factors on ROS indices and enzyme activities. Weight gain(WG) and special growth rate(SGR) of vitamin C supplementation groups were significantly higher than those of control group( P 0.05). The levels of-OH and MDA increased under exposure time extending and nitrite concentration increasing, whereas T-AOC level decreased. SOD and CAT activities increased at 4 h and 8 h and decreased at 12 h. During the days in which the animal consumed experimental diets, the levels of-OH and MDA decreased and that of T-AOC increased. This result suggests that diets containing vitamin C could reduce the nitrite stress response in the animals and increase their antioxidant capacity. The multifactor regression equation of growth performance, ROS indices, and duration of feeding results suggest that vitamin C supplementation of 1 400–2 000 mg/kg diet for 29–35 days could reduce effectively the effects of nitrite exposure. 相似文献
12.
Biochemical response of the mussel Mytilus coruscus (Mytiloida: Mytilidae) exposed to in vivo sub-lethal copper concentrations 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Many aquatic organisms are negatively affected by exposure to high copper concentrations.We investigated the biochemical response of the mussel Mytilus coruscus(Mytiloida:Mytilidae) to copper exposure.In vivo bioassays using M.coruscus and different copper concentrations were conducted.The activity of six biomarkers,namely superoxide dismutase(SOD),catalase(CAT),acid phosphatase(ACP),alkaline phosphatase(AKP),glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase(GOT) and glutamic-pyruvic transaminase(GPT) were measured.Survival rates decreased with increased copper concentrations and exposure times.The LC50 values at 48,72,and 96 h exposure were 0.48,0.37,and 0.32 mg/L,respectively.Within digestive glands,CAT activity increased with increasing Cu concentrations.The activity of AKP showed no significant change,while the remaining four enzymes showed decreasing activity with increasing Cu concentrations.Within the gills,AKP activity increased when the Cu concentration was 0.05 mg/L,but showed no significant changes at higher concentrations.Activity of CAT and ACP within gills tended to decrease with increasing Cu concentration.The activity of SOD and GPT decreased at an exposure concentration of 0.2 mg/L.GOT activity within gills decreased at 0.1 mg/L and increased at an exposure concentration of 0.2 mg/L.Within the adductor muscle,AKP activity increased at 0.05 mg/L but did not change at higher exposure concentrations.ACP activity within adductor muscle tissue showed no change,while activities of CAT,GOT and GPT decreased with increasing Cu concentrations.SOD activity within the adductor muscle tissue significantly decreased at the 0.02,0.05 and 0.2 mg/L exposure concentrations.Our results show tissue specific differences for the six biomarkers in for M.coruscus.Our findings provide the basis for the establishment of reference activity levels against which biomarker changes can be estimated,and are essential preliminary steps in development of in vivo bioassays. 相似文献
13.
在水温26±2℃、盐度28条件下,恩诺沙星(enrofloxacin,EF)按5 mg/kg的剂量腹腔注射和口灌红笛鲷(Lutjanus sanguineus),用反相高效液相色谱法研究恩诺沙星在红笛鲷体内的药代动力学和组织分布。结果显示:注射和口灌后红笛鲷血浆的药时数据均符合一级吸收二室模型;血药达峰时间(tp)分别为0.75和1.5 h,血药质量浓度峰值(cmax)分别为5.22和3.94μg/mL,药时曲线下面积(AUC)分别36.98和17.24 mg/(L.h),消除半衰期(t1/2β)分别为13.28和9.18 h;恩诺沙星在组织中分布较广,注射和灌服给药肌肉、肝脏和肾脏的cmax分别为3.53和3.40μg/g、4.08和3.98μg/g、11.23和5.40μg/g,tp分别为1.5和2.0 h、1.0和2.0 h、0.75和1.5 h,AUC分别33.17和23.12 mg/(L.h)、39.36和18.20 mg/(L.h)、98.97和56.69 mg/(L.h);EF在红笛鲷体内消除速度较慢,注射和灌服给药肌肉、肝脏和肾脏的t1/2β分别为22.08和83.32 h、41.52和94.47 h、20.94和21.81 h。表明恩诺沙星注射给药在红笛鲷体内的吸收和消除均快于口灌给药。 相似文献
14.
【目的】探究保活运输中低氧胁迫对珍珠龙胆石斑鱼(Epinephelus fuscoguttatus♀×Epinephelus lanceolatus♂)氧化应激的影响。【方法】诱导体质量为(498.2±27.3)g的杂交石斑鱼进入休眠状态,并放置在溶解氧为(1.74±0.21)mg·L?1的低氧环境下,低氧胁迫0、6、12、24、48、72 h后,取样测定血清应激指标,肌肉、肝脏、鳃组织氧化应激指标及肌肉、肝脏能量利用指标。【结果】低氧胁迫过程中,杂交石斑鱼血糖含量在胁迫6 h时最大,72 h时恢复胁迫前水平;皮质醇含量在胁迫过程均显著高于胁迫前;肌肉超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性随胁迫时间的增加而上升,肝脏、鳃SOD活性先上升后下降;肌肉、肝脏过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性呈先升后降的趋势,鳃CAT活性在胁迫12、72 h显著低于胁迫前;肌肉、肝脏丙二醛(MDA)含量在胁迫过程中均增加,鳃MDA含量先降后升;肌肉谷胱甘肽还原酶(GSH)含量在胁迫12 h达到最大值,肝脏GSH含量呈先上升后下降的趋势,鳃中GSH含量在12 h时显著高于胁迫前,之后逐渐升高;总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)在肌肉、肝脏、鳃中均呈上升的趋势;肌肉和肝脏中糖原的含量显著减少,肌肉乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)活性显著增加,肝脏LDH先降后升。显著性水平均为0.05。【结论】低氧胁迫会刺激珍珠龙胆石斑鱼产生应激反应,影响体内正常的氧化应激系统,并对不同组织造成不同程度的氧化损伤。 相似文献
15.
HU Fawen SUN Ming LI Li GAO Fengxiang JIAN Yuxia WANG Xue WANG Xiaolong GUO Wen 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2022,21(2):479-485
The effects of cadmium(Cd)on metal accumulation,microelements contents,and antioxidant responses in Hexagram-mos otakii were studied.The fish were exposed to 0.2,2.5,or 10μg L?1 Cd for 12 or 24 days.Then,the concentration of Cd and mi-croelements(Ca,Fe,Zn,and Se)were determined in the liver and kidney.Moreover,the activities of antioxidant enzymes including superoxide dismutase(SOD),catalase(CAT),and glutathione-S-transferase(GST),and the content of malondialdehyde(MDA)in the liver and kidney were also measured.A continuous accumulation of Cd was observed throughout the experimental period.Cd accumulation was higher in liver than that in the kidney,while Ca and Fe contents were lower in liver than those in the kidney.Cd exposure resulted in a decrease of Ca and Fe concentrations in the kidney,while there was no effect on the liver.Zn and Se remained unaffected with exposure to Cd.Cd exposure induced severe oxidative stress in H.otakii,as indicated by significant induction of the activities of SOD,CAT,and GST,and a simultaneous increase of MDA content.These data show that antioxidant enzymes and mi-croelements contents can be used as potential biomarkers to monitor environmental health in fish. 相似文献
16.
在斜带石斑鱼(Epinephelus coioides)幼鱼基础饲料(铜质量分数2.03 mg/kg)中分别添加6个水平的羟基蛋氨酸螯合铜(hydroxy methionine copper,HMC),制成铜质量分数分别为2.03、4.04、6.20、10.67、13.96 mg/kg的实验饲料,饲喂6周后,探讨HMC对幼鱼生长、非特异性免疫酶活性和组织铜沉积的影响,确定幼鱼饲料中铜的最适需要量。结果表明,饲料中添加HMC,对石斑鱼的增重率、特定生长率(SGR)和饲料系数等生长性能的影响有统计学意义(P0.05),以铜质量分数6.20 mg/kg组增重率和特定生长率最高,饲料系数最低,高于或低于2.03和13.96 mg/kg组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),与4.04和10.67 mg/kg组差异无统计学意义(P0.05);但对成活率、肝体比影响差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。饲料中添加HMC对全鱼水分和粗蛋白含量影响无统计学意义(P0.05),对全鱼粗灰分和粗脂肪含量影响有统计学意义(P0.05)。石斑鱼血浆铜蓝蛋白(CP)的含量、血清和肝脏总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)及铜锌超氧化物歧化酶(Cu-Zn-SOD)活性均以6.20 mg/kg组最高;饲料中铜的添加对血清谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性和肝脏硫代巴比妥酸反应物(TBARS)含量影响无统计学意义(P0.05)。与对照组相比,饲料中添加HMC均提高鱼体、肌肉和肝脏中铜含量,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),且以13.96 mg/kg组最高。饲料中添加适量的HMC可提高石斑鱼幼鱼的生长性能,提高抗氧化能力。在本实验条件下,以SGR为判据,通过二次回归方程拟合可得,以HMC为铜源,斜带石斑鱼幼鱼铜需要量为7.09 mg/kg。 相似文献
17.
Zhang Yujiang Zhan Songmei Cao Pengli Liu Ning Chen Xuehong Wang Yuejun Wang Chunbo 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2005,23(3):357-362
To investigate the effect of polypeptide fromChlamys farreri (PCF) on NHDFin vitro, we modeled oxidative damage on normal human dermal fibroblasts (NHDF) exposed to ultraviolet B (UVB). In this study, 3-[4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium
bromide (MTT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were tested to measure cell viability. Enzymes including superoxide dismutase
(SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX), catalase (CAT) and xanthine oxidase (XOD) were determined biochemically. Total antioxidative
capacity (T-AOC) and anti-superoxide anion capacity (A-SAC) were also determined. Ultrastructure of fibroblasts was observed
under transmission electron microscope. The results showed that: UVB (1.176×10−4 J/cm2) suppressed the growth of fibroblasts and the introduction of PCF (0.25%–1%) before UVB reduced the suppression in a concentration-dependent
manner. PCF could enhance the activities of SOD, GSH-PX and T-AOC as well as A-SAC. Also PCF could inhibit XOD activity, while
it did not affect CAT activity. Ultrastructure of fibroblasts were damaged after UVB irradiation, concentration-dependent
PCF reduced the destructive effect of UVB on cells. These results indicated that PCF can protect human dermal fibroblasts
from being harmed by UVB irradiation via its antioxidant proerty.
This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 39970638) and the Science and Technology
Bureau of Qingdao (No. 2001-28-50). 相似文献
18.
采用人工合成的10种未甲基化CpG-ODNs序列分别注射健康的吉富罗非鱼Oreochromis niloticus,48 h后注射海豚链球菌(Streptococcus iniae)进行人工感染,分别于感染24 h和48 h后检测鱼体血清溶菌酶(Lysozyme,LSZ)、超氧化物歧化酶(Superoxide dismutase,SOD)和碱性磷酸酶(Alkaline phosphatase,AKP)的活性,并记录死亡率。结果显示:注射ODN-205的罗非鱼LSZ、AKP和SOD活性变化均不显著(P>0.05),推测注射ODN-205后罗非鱼能较好的维持机体的平衡,增强机体的抗菌能力;注射ODN-1681、1670、2133和2006的罗非鱼LSZ活性逐渐降低,而注射ODN-1826、2143、1668、2102、1669的罗非鱼LSZ活性呈现先升高后降低的趋势。AKP活性的变化趋势同LSZ活性变化大体相似,而SOD活性前后变化不显著(p值>0.05)。注射CpG-ODNs的实验组抑制海豚链球菌感染的作用差异显著(p值<0.05),其中以注射ODN-205组的死亡率最低(18%),其次为注射ODN-1670、1681、2006和2133组,死亡率均低于30%,而ODN-1669组和生理盐水组的死亡率均超过90%。实验表明,注射一定量的ODN-205、1670、1681、2006和2133能明显提高吉富罗非鱼抗海豚链球菌感染能力。 相似文献
19.
三丁基锡对罗氏沼虾血清中免疫酶活力的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
将罗氏沼虾(Macrobrachium rosenbergii)在含0.1、0.2、0.4 mg/L三丁基锡(TBT)的水体中浸浴48 h,检测TBT对罗氏沼虾血清中部分免疫酶活力的影响。结果表明:12 h内高剂量(0.4 mg/L)可诱导超氧化物歧化酶(SOD),酶活力差异有统计学意义(P0.01),至48 h时,诱导作用逐步解除;12 h内各剂量组血清中酸性磷酸酶(ACP)活力均表现抑制效应,酶活力差异有统计学意义(P0.05),而高剂量组在48 h时TBT对ACP表现为诱导效应,酶活力高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);低剂量组(0.1 mg/L)TBT对罗氏沼虾血清中AKP活力的影响无统计学意义(P0.05),而中剂量组(0.2 mg/L)和高剂量组(0.4 mg/L)AKP活力表现为先抑制后逐渐转为诱导的效应,。 相似文献
20.
1-phenylethanol(1-PEA)is a flavor extensively used in the production of co smetics,beverages,and food.The release of 1-PEA into coastal environments has aroused great concern.However,its potential effects on marine organisms are still unknown.In order to provide a better understanding of the ecological risks of 1-PEA in marine environments,this study determined the toxic effects of 1-PEA on two marine diatoms(Phaeodactylum tricornutum and Skeletonema costatum).The diatoms were grown in culture medium containing different concentrations of 1-PEA for 96 h.The contents of chlorophyll a,chlorophyll c,glutathione(GSH),malondialdehyde(MDA),and the activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD),catalase(CAT)and glutathione peroxidase(GPx),were measured at the end of the exposure period.1-PEA was shown to significantly inhibit the growth of diatoms,with 96-h EC_(50) values of 257.14 mg/L and 126.46 mg/L in P.tricornutum and S.costatum,respectively.In P.tricornutum,the levels of SOD,CAT,GPx,GSH,and MDA were stimulated only when 1-PEA concentrations were close to or greater than the 96-h EC_(50)value.However,in S.costatum,the activities of SOD and CAT,and the syntheses of two chlorophylls were inhibited even at an exposure concentration below the 96-h EC_(50) value.Taken together,these findings indicate a potential ecological risk by discharging 1-PEA into coastal areas and its species-specific toxic effects on marine organisms. 相似文献