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1.
青藏高原北部五道梁地表热量平衡方程中各分量特征 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
利用青藏高原北部五道梁地区实测的太阳辐射及气象资料,计算分析了高原北部地面热量平衡方程中各分量特征,定义了一个无量纲参量土壤热平衡系数k。结果显示:五道梁地区地表净辐射及地面加热场强度表现为夏季大,冬季小,地表净辐射累年平均通量为65.5 W/m2;土壤热通量自1997年来有增大的趋势;土壤热平衡系数有增大的趋势,平均值为1.17;感热及潜热是地面热平衡方程中的大项,其中感热居首位,潜热居其次;暖季感热、潜热以相反的趋势变化,Bowen比β值有下降的趋势。 相似文献
2.
《寒旱区科学》2021,(4)
Ground temperature plays a significant role in the interaction between the land surface and atmosphere on the Tibetan Plateau(TP). Under the background of temperature warming, the TP has witnessed an accelerated warming trend in frozen ground temperature, an increasing active layer thickness, and the melting of underground ice. Based on high-resolution ground temperature data observed from 1997 to 2012 on the northern TP, the trend of ground temperature at each observation site and its response to climate change were analyzed. The results showed that while the ground temperature at different soil depths showed a strong warming trend over the observation period, the warming in winter is more significant than that in summer. The warming rate of daily minimum ground temperature was greater than that of daily maximum ground temperature at the TTH and MS3608 sites. During the study period, thawing occurred earlier, whereas freezing happened later, resulting in shortened freezing season and a thinner frozen layer at the BJ site. And a zero-curtain effect develops when the soil begins to thaw or freeze in spring and autumn. From 1997 to 2012, the average summer air temperature and precipitation in summer and winter from six meteorological stations along the Qinghai-Tibet highway also demonstrated an increasing trend, with a more significant temperature increase in winter than in summer. The ground temperature showed an obvious response to air temperature warming, but the trend varied significantly with soil depths due to soil heterogeneity. 相似文献
3.
活动层土壤热状况是寒区陆面物理过程研究的重要内容之一。利用五道梁能量收支观测站1993年9月～2000年12月份实测辐射及土壤热通量资料结合五道梁气象站1961-2010时段的气象资料分析了近50 a来该地区活动层土壤的热状况。结果表明：五道梁地区土壤热通量有显著的年际、年代际变化;20世纪60～80年代,土壤热通量小于0.0 W/m2,活动层土壤以放热为主,自90年代以来,土壤热通量大于0.0 W/m2,活动层土壤以吸热为主。过去50 a中该地土壤热通量呈现增大趋势,平均每10 a土壤热通量增大0.31 W/m2。土壤热通量随净辐射的增大而增大。土壤热平衡系数的变化特点与土壤热通量的变化特点一致。60～80年代,活动层土壤热平衡系数<1,该地区冻土相对比较稳定,而自90年代以来此间土壤热平衡系数<1,表明该地多年冻土呈现出退化迹象。活动层土壤热平衡系数可表示为气温、地表温度及水汽压的函数。 相似文献
4.
利用2009-2011年塔克拉玛干沙漠大气环境观测试验站测得的土壤热通量数据,分析了塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地土壤热通量在不同天气条件下的变化特征。结果表明：（1）塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地1 cm处土壤热通量年平均值为1.9 W·m-2,5、20、40 cm处分别为1.0、0.4、0.4 W·m-2;1 cm处土壤热通量年最大值为334.1 W·m2,年最小值为-184.2 W·m-2;土壤热通量基本表现为夏季 > 春季 > 秋季 > 冬季。（2）各土层土壤热通量具有明显的日变化特征。随着土壤深度的加大,土壤热通量的日变化幅度明显减小,最大值出现的时间有一定的滞后性。土壤热通量5 cm出现最大值的时间比1 cm处延迟3 h,延迟速率为0.75 h·cm-1,20 cm比5 cm出现最大值的时间晚2 h,延迟速率约为0.13 h·cm-1。（3）不同天气情况下的土壤热通量日变化特征有一定的差异,晴天较为规则,阴天、雨天、沙尘天则较不规则,且1 cm处土壤热通量受天气影响最显著。晴天1 cm处土壤热通量平均值为9.0 W·m-2;阴天、雨天、沙尘天1 cm处土壤热通量值平均值分别为5.1、-6.1、-1.9 W·m-2。 相似文献
5.
运用涡度相关法开路系统对塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地人工灌溉绿地生长季地表能量交换特征以及与环境因子的关系进行测定分析。结果表明：在典型晴天条件下,无论是沙漠区还是沙漠腹地灌溉绿地,白天感热通量在净辐射通量的分配中所占的份额最大,潜热交换仅占很小的比例,人工绿地感热通量和潜热通量的峰值为230.54 W/m2和88.5 W/m2,沙漠区为220 W/m2和17.55 W/m2,沙漠腹地人工灌溉造林后潜热交换明显增加。沙漠腹地造林后,绿地波文比日变幅和日均波文比均减小,绿地日均波文比为沙漠区的15%,人工绿地的营建促使了局地气候的改变。绿地地表能量交换受气象因子和下垫面条件的影响和制约,按相关系数的高低,环境因子对感热、潜热通量的影响依次为：Rn>△Ta>△TS>v>TS,沙漠区人工造林后地表能量交换与多个环境因子有着密切的关系。这些研究结果将加深我们对沙漠地区人工灌溉造林地近地层能量交换的认识。 相似文献
6.
藏北羌塘高原双湖地表热源强度及地表水热平衡 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
青藏高原加热及地—气间物质能量交换对我国、东亚乃至全球的天气和气候系统都有着非常重要的作用,受客观条件限制,藏北羌塘高原腹地尚无系统的地—气相互作用过程观测。本文利用中国科学院羌塘双湖极端环境综合观测研究站2011年10月-2012年9月一年的自动气象站观测数据,分析了年内季节和日尺度下双湖地区地面加热场特征,探讨了地表能量平衡及水量平衡特征,结果表明：(1) 双湖地区年内地表热源强度基本为正,年平均热源强度为79.5 W/m2;然而地表热源强度呈现明显的季节和日变化规律,夏季热源强度大于冬季,白天热源强度大于夜间。夏季地表白天为强热源,夜间为弱热源,冬季地表白天为强热源,夜间为冷源。(2) 双湖地区地表能量分配季节变化明显,7、8月份地—气间主要以潜热交换为主,其他月份主要以感热方式进行热量交换,年平均上主要以感热交换为主,年均感热通量和潜热通量分别为55.4 W/m2和24.1 W/m2,波文比为2.3。(3) 双湖地区降水和蒸发皆主要集中在6-9月,年降雨量为332 mm,年蒸发量为312.9 mm,年水量差为19.1 mm,地表水量存在不平衡现象。(4) 双湖地区地表蒸发力很强,年潜在蒸发为1888.2 mm,年均湿润指数为0.17,属典型半干旱气候特征。 相似文献
7.
青藏高原西部的地面热源强度及地面热量平衡 总被引：23，自引：6，他引：17
以1997年11月至1998年10月青藏高原西部改则和狮泉河地区自动气象站(AWS)连续观测的近地层梯度资料,采用廓线-通量法计算出观测期逐日的总体输送系数,进而用总体公式得出两站逐日的地面感热和潜热通量。结果表明:在此观测期内青藏高原西部不论冬夏地面皆为热源,地面热源强度具有明显的季节变化,两站地面热源强度的年平均值分别为82.5W/m2和68.2W/m2。结合辐射和土壤热通量观测资料揭示了两站的地面热量平衡状况,用地面热量平衡方程对以上结果进行了闭合误差检验。 相似文献
8.
The land-atmosphere energy and turbulence exchange is key to understanding land surface processes on the Tibetan Plateau(TP). Using observed data for Aug. 4 to Dec. 3, 2012 from the Bujiao observation point(BJ) of the Nagqu Plateau Climate and Environment Station(NPCE-BJ), different characteristics of the energy flux during the Asian summer monsoon(ASM) season and post-monsoon period were analyzed. This study outlines the impact of the ASM on energy fluxes in the central TP. It also demonstrates that the surface energy closure rate during the ASM season is higher than that of the post-monsoon period. Footprint modeling shows the distribution of data quality assessments(QA) and quality controls(QC) surrounding the observation point. The measured turbulent flux data at the NPCE-BJ site were highly representative of the target land-use type. The target surface contributed more to the fluxes under unstable conditions than under stable conditions. The main wind directions(180° and 210°) with the highest data density showed flux contributions reaching 100%, even under stable conditions. The lowest flux contributions were found in sectors with low data density, e.g., 90.4% in the 360° sector under stable conditions during the ASM season. Lastly, a surface energy water balance(SEWAB) model was used to gap-fill any absent or corrected turbulence data. The potential simulation error was also explored in this study. The Nash-Sutcliffe model efficiency coefficients(NSEs) of the observed fluxes with the SEWAB model runs were 0.78 for sensible heat flux and 0.63 for latent heat flux during the ASM season, but unrealistic values of-0.9 for latent heat flux during the post-monsoon period. 相似文献
9.
This paper presents an analysis of the mechanisms and impacts of snow cover and frozen soil in the Tibetan Plateau on the summer
precipitation in China, using RegCM3 version 3.1 model simulations. Comparisons of simulations vs. observations show that
RegCM3 well captures these impacts. Results indicate that in a more-snow year with deep frozen soil there will be more precipitation
in the Yangtze River Basin and central Northwest China, western Inner Mongolia, and Xinjiang, but less precipitation in
Northeast China, North China, South China, and most of Southwest China. In a less-snow year with deep frozen soil, however,
there will be more precipitation in Northeast China, North China, and southern South China, but less precipitation in the Yangtze
River Basin and in northern South China. Such differences may be attributed to different combination patterns of melting snow
and thawing frozen soil on the Plateau, which may change soil moisture as well as cause differences in energy absorption in the
phase change processes of snow cover and frozen soil. These factors may produce more surface sensible heat in more-snow years
when the frozen soil is deep than when the frozen soil is shallow. The higher surface sensible heat may lead to a stronger updraft
over the Plateau, eventually contributing to a stronger South Asia High and West Pacific Subtropical High. Due to different values
of the wind fields at 850 hPa, a convergence zone will form over the Yangtze River Basin, which may produce more summer precipitation
in the basin area but less precipitation in North China and South China. However, because soil moisture depends on ice
content, in less-snow years with deep frozen soil, the soil moisture will be higher. The combination of higher frozen soil moisture
with latent heat absorption in the phase change process may generate less surface sensible heat and consequently a weaker updraft
motion over the Plateau. As a result, both the South Asia High and the West Pacific Subtropical High will be weaker, hence causing
more summer precipitation in northern China but less in southern China. 相似文献
10.
Lakes regulate the water and heat exchange between the ground and the atmosphere on different temporal and spatial scales. However, studies of the lake effect in the high-altitude Tibetan Plateau(TP) rarely have been performed until recently, and little attention has been paid to modelling of frozen lakes. In this study, the Weather Research and Forecasting Model(WRF v. 3.6.1) is employed to conduct three numerical experiments in the Ngoring Lake Basin(the original experiment, an experiment with a tuned model, and a no-lake experiment) to investigate the influences of parameter optimization on the lake simulation and of the high-altitude lake on the regional climate. After the lake depth, the roughness lengths, and initial surface temperature are corrected in the model, the simulation of the air temperature is distinctly improved. In the experiment using a tuned model, the simulated sensible-heat flux(H) is clearly improved, especially during periods of ice melting(from late spring to early summer) and freezing(late fall). The improvement of latent-heat flux(LE) is mainly manifested by the sharp increase in the correlation coefficient between simulation and observation, whereas the improvement in the average value is small. The optimization of initial surface temperature shows the most prominent effect in the first year and distinctly weakens after a freezing period. After the lakes become grassland in the model, the daytime temperature clearly increases during the freezing and melting periods; but the nocturnal cooling appears in other stages, especially from September to October. The annual mean H increases by 6.4 times in the regions of the Ngoring Lake and the Gyaring Lake, and the LE declines by 56.2%. The sum of H and LE increases from 71.2 W/m2(with lake) to 84.6 W/m2(no lake). For the entire simulation region, the sum of H and LE also increases slightly. After the lakes are removed, the air temperature increases significantly from June to September over the area corresponding to the two lakes, and an abnormal convergence field appears; at the same time, the precipitation clearly increases over the two lakes and surrounding areas. 相似文献
11.
基于改进土壤冻融水循环的Biome-BGC模型估算青藏高原草地NPP 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Biome-BGC模型被广泛用于估算植被净初级生产力（Net Primary Productivity, NPP）,但是该模型未考虑冻土区土壤冻融水循环过程对植被生长的影响。本文基于Biome-BGC模型,改进冻土区活动层土壤冻融水循环,估算了2000—2018年青藏高原高寒草地NPP。通过比较原模型和改进后的模型,并对NPP模拟结果的时空特征进行了分析,结果表明：① 增加冻融循环提高了NPP估算精度,青藏高原草地NPP均值由114.68 gC/(m2·a)提高到128.02 gC/(m2·a)。② 原模型和改进后NPP的空间分布差异较大,时间变化趋势差异不明显。③ 青藏高原草地NPP总量为253.83 TgC/a,呈东南向西北递减的空间格局,年均增速为0.21gC/(m2·a)（P=0.023）,显著增加的占17.85%,主要分布在羌塘高寒草原地带的大部分地区和藏南山地灌木草原地带的西部。④ 该冻融水循环改进方法简单可靠,具有在其他多年冻土区推广的价值。 相似文献
12.
In this paper, a variation series of snow cover and seasonal freeze-thaw layer from 1965 to 2004 on the Tibetan Plateau has been established by using the observation data from meteorological stations. The sliding T-test, M-K test and B-G algorithm are used to verify abrupt changes of snow cover and seasonal freeze-thaw layer in the Tibetan plateau. The results show that the snow cover has not undergone an abrupt change, but the seasonal freeze-thaw layer obviously witnessed a rapid degradation in 1987, with the frozen soil depth being reduced by about 15 cm. It is also found that when there is less snow in the plateau region, precipitation in South China and Southwest China increases. But when the frozen soil is deep, precipitation in most of China apparently decreases. Both snow cover and seasonal freeze-thaw layer on the plateau can be used to predict the summer precipitation in China. However, if the impacts of snow cover and seasonal freeze-thaw layer are used at the same time, the predictability of summer precipitation can be significantly improved. The significant correlation zone of snow is located in middle reaches of the Yangtze River covering the Hexi Corridor and northeastern Inner Mongolia, and the seasonal freeze-thaw layer exists in Mt. Nanling, northern Shannxi and northwestern part of North China. The significant correlation zone of simultaneous impacts of snow cover and seasonal freeze-thaw layer is larger than that of either snow cover or seasonal freeze-thaw layer. There are three significant correlation zones extending from north to south: the north zone spreads from Mt. Daxinganling to the Hexi Corridor, crossing northern Mt. Taihang and northern Shannxi; the central zone covers middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River; and the south zone extends from Mt. Wuyi to Yunnan and Guizhou Plateau through Mt. Nanling. 相似文献
13.
Estimation of ground heat flux and its impact on the surface energy budget for a semi-arid grassland 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Three approaches, i.e., the harmonic analysis (HA) technique, the thermal diffusion equation and correction (TDEC) method, and the calorimetric method used to estimate ground heat flux, are evaluated by using observations from the Semi-Arid Climate and Environment Observatory of Lanzhou University (SACOL) in July, 2008. The calorimetric method, which involves soil heat flux measurement with an HFP01SC self-calibrating heat flux plate buried at a depth of 5 cm and heat storage in the soil between the plate and the surface, is here called the ITHP approach. The results show good linear relationships between the soil heat fluxes measured with the HFP01SC heat flux plate and those calculated with the HA technique and the TDEC method, respectively, at a depth of 5 cm. The soil heat fluxes calculated with the latter two methods well follow the phase measured with the HFP01SC heat flux plate. The magnitudes of the soil heat flux calculated with the HA technique and the TDEC method are close to each other, and they are about 2 percent and 6 percent larger than the measured soil heat flux, respectively, which mainly occur during the nighttime. Moreover, the ground heat fluxes calculated with the TDEC method and the HA technique are highly correlated with each other (R2 = 0.97), and their difference is only about 1 percent. The TDEC-calculated ground heat flux also has a good linear relationship with the ITHP-calculated ground heat flux (R2 = 0.99), but their difference is larger (about 9 percent). Furthermore, compared to the HFP01SC direct measurements at a depth of 5 cm, the ground heat flux calculated with the HA technique, the TDEC method, and the ITHP approach can improve the surface energy budget closure by about 6 percent, 7 percent, and 6 percent at SACOL site, respectively. Therefore, the contribution of ground heat flux to the surface energy budget is very important for the semi-arid grassland over the Loess Plateau in China. Using turbulent heat fluxes with common corrections, soil heat storage between the surface and the heat flux plate can improve the surface energy budget closure by about 6 to 7 percent, resulting in a closure of 82 to 83 percent at the SACOL site. 相似文献
14.
论文利用2017年东疆哈密地区红柳河黑戈壁地面高精度紫外辐射实测数据与美国NASA Langely研究中心大气科学数据中心提供的CERES_SYN1 deg_Ed4A产品数据,对卫星反演的紫外辐射A、B波段(UVA和UVB)数据在该地区的适用性进行了对比验证。结果表明：① 在日尺度上,该地区地面实测紫外辐射UVA和UVB与卫星反演数据之间的相关系数达0.9以上,其中在全天空情况下UVA平均偏差为1.15 W·m -2、UVB 平均偏差为0.03 W·m -2,晴天条件下UVA和UVB的平均偏差分别为0.93 W·m -2和0.03 W·m -2;② 在季节尺度上,实测和卫星反演UVA和UVB的偏差夏季最大,分别为2.04 W·m -2和0.05 W·m -2,春冬两季次之,秋季最小;③ 红柳河地区在春夏两季受到气溶胶光学厚度(AOD)影响较大,呈现显著负相关;④ 云量越大,紫外辐射削弱程度越大,在多云条件下地面实测与卫星反演UVA与UVB偏差最大,分别为1.73 W·m -2和0.05 W·m -2。 相似文献
15.
巴丹吉林沙漠高大沙山近地层温湿廓线与能量交换特征 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
利用兰州大学冰川与沙漠研究中心科学观测实验站2015—2016年获得的高大沙山微气象数据,分析了巴丹吉林沙漠温湿廓线结构、土壤分层温度、辐射通量等特征,利用组合法和一维热传导方程分别计算了湍流通量及土壤热通量。结果表明：（1）近地层大气自下而上呈现近似等温或逆温分布,冬季逆温层厚度大于夏季。（2）初次观测到逆湿现象,比湿夏季最大,冬季最小,秋季和春季次之,全年平均约为4.2 g·kg-1,高于塔克拉玛干沙漠。（3）土壤热通量在2月底至5月初振幅较大;感热通量具有显著的平均日变化特征,潜热通量平均日变化平稳,以0 W·m-2为中心上下波动。能量交换以感热通量为主,陆-气温度差异是沙山感热通量变化的主要影响和控制因子。 相似文献
16.
敦煌戈壁冬夏季地表辐射与能量平衡特征对比研究 总被引：10，自引：6，他引：4
利用敦煌戈壁夏（2006年7月）、冬（2007年1月1—10日）季观测得到的微气象资料,比较了夏、冬季敦煌戈壁的地表辐射平衡、能量平衡特征。分析了地表反照率（Albedo）与土壤特性的关系,发现地表反照率和表层土壤温度日变化呈反相关;冬季地表反照率和土壤湿度的线性相关差,夏季地表反照率和土壤湿度的线性相关性好;地表反照率和土壤热通量呈反相关,并且冬季二者的拟合性好于夏季。分析了降水前后各能量通量的变化,发现阵雨时感热H是变小的,降雨过后H和净辐射Rn有明显的增大,土壤热通量Gn在降雨过后也有增大,潜热LE变化微弱,对阵性降水强迫后的非平衡态的张弛时间大约为3 d。 相似文献
17.
近50年怒江流域中上游枯季径流变化及其对气候变化的响应 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
利用长序列观测记录,分析怒江流域中上游1960~2009年枯季气温和降水的变化规律,探讨近50 a来该流域中上游枯季径流变化特征及其对气候变化的响应规律。结果表明：怒江流域中上游冬季和春季气温均有上升趋势; 怒江流域中上游春季和冬季降水量均有增加的趋势;怒江干流道街坝站冬季和春季平均流量都有显著的增加趋势;无论是年最小1、7、30及90 d流量等枯季极值流量,还是75%,90%,95%等不同保证率枯水径流特征值,1990 s和2000 s均远高于其他年代,说明20世纪90年代以来怒江流域枯水径流有较为明显的增长。 相似文献
18.
准确模拟和预测草地地上生物量(Aboveground biomass,AGB)和理论载畜量对于维持草地生态系统平衡、优化放牧管理至关重要。当前很多研究以围栏外草地AGB为基础,估算了青藏高原草地AGB的现存量。但是,牛羊啃食后的草地AGB现存量无法准确评估草地理论载畜量。围栏内草地不受家畜采食影响,其年际变率由环境因子驱动,可视为草地潜在AGB (potential AGB,AGBp),更适用于草地理论载畜量的评估。本研究以青藏高原345个围栏内AGB观测数据为基础,结合气候、土壤和地形数据,利用随机森林算法构建草地潜在地上生物量估算模型,并对当前气候条件(2000-2018年)和未来20年(2021-2040年)4种气候变化情景(SSP1-2.6、SSP2-4.5、SSP3-7.0和SSP5-8.5)下的草地AGBp和高寒草地理论载畜量进行模拟与预测。结果表明:(1)随机森林算法可准确模拟当前气候条件下的青藏高寒草地AGBp(R2=0.76,P<0.001);2000-2018年青藏高寒草地AGBp平均值为102.4 g m-2,时间上增加趋势不明显(P>0.05);AGBp年际波动和生长季降水显著正相关(R2=0.57,P<0.001),和生长季温度日较差显著负相关(R2=0.51,P<0.001)。(2)当前气候条件下,青藏高寒草地平均理论载畜量为0.94 SSU ha-1(standardized sheep unit ha-1);在过去20年约有54.1%草地理论载畜量呈提升状态。(3)和当前相比,未来20年青藏高原中部和北部草地AGBp和理论载畜量呈下降态势。因此,建议未来在厘清气候变化影响下草畜关系的基础上进行有针对性的草牧业规划和管理,以缓解区域气候变化引起的草畜矛盾。 相似文献
19.
Mikhail Zhelezniak QingBai Wu Anatolii Kirillin Zhi Wen Aleksandr Zhirkov Vladimir Zhizhin 《寒旱区科学》2021,13(2):107-122
The Elkon Horst is a geological structure that consists of heterogeneous strata with highly variable geocryological and temperature conditions. Gaining accurate knowledge of permafrost distribution patterns within this structure is of both scientific and practical importance. In mountainous terrain, the ground thermal regime is controlled by both surface and subsurface conditions. Surface conditions include snow cover characteristics, the presence or absence of vegetation, vegetation density, etc.. In contrast, subsurface conditions involve rock lithology or petrography, density, quantity and depth of fissures, groundwater, etc.. This article examines ground thermal regimes in various geomorphological settings based on temperature measurement data from geotechnical boreholes. The occurrence and extent of permafrost were evaluated for the entire horst area using direct and indirect methods. The maximum permafrost thickness measured in the Elkon Horst is 330 m, and the estimated maximum is 450 m at higher elevations. Thermophysical properties were determined for the major rock types, and the geothermal heat flux was estimated for the study area. The thermal conductivities were found to vary from 1.47 to 4.20 W/(m·K), and the dry bulk densities to range between 2,236 kg/m~3 and 3,235 kg/m~3. The average geothermal heat flux was estimated to be 44 mW/m~2. 相似文献
20.
塔克拉玛干沙漠地表潜热时空特征分析 总被引：6，自引：4，他引：2
利用1979年3月至2004年2月月平均的NCEP/DOE再分析地表潜热资料,在分析塔克拉玛干沙漠四季潜热基本气候特征的基础上,通过EOF方法,对沙漠地表潜热异常变化的空间结构和时间演变趋势作了诊断研究。结果表明：①沙漠地区夏季潜热最大,春季和秋季次之,冬季最小;靠近山区的沙漠西部、西北部地区四季明显大于中、东部地区。②根据四季地表潜热距平场的EOF分析,该区潜热异常主要有全区一致型、南北差异型以及西北—东南差异型三种常见的分布模态。③25 a期间,塔克拉玛干沙漠地表潜热在第一空间尺度上四季都有不同程度增强的趋势;在第二空间尺度上,春季沙漠北部、西北部有减弱的趋势,南部、东南部有增强的趋势,而冬、夏、秋季变化趋势不是很大。 相似文献