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数字高程模型(DEM)是南极冰盖变化研究的基础,由于现场实测数据的稀缺,卫星测高数据是南极地区构建DEM的'主要数据来源.CryoSat-2是新一代用于极地冰盖、海冰监测的测高卫星,本文利用2012-12-2015-01两个完整周期的CryoSat-2测高数据建立一个新的南极冰盖DEM.坡度是影响卫星测高精度的重要因素之一,利用改进的重定位方法对CryoSat-2数据进行坡度改正.插值方法是影响DEM精度的重要因素,通过对几种常用插值方法的比较,最后选用克里金插值方法对测高数据进行插值,建立了1km分辨率的南极DEM.在88°S以南的CryoSat-2数据空白区,利用南极数字数据库(ADD)的等高线数据对DEM进行填补,建立了全南极冰盖DEM.利用ICESat卫星测高数据、IceBridge航空测高数据以及GPS地面实测数据对新建立的CryoSat-2 DEM进行精度验证,并与Bamber 1 km DEM、ICESat DEM、RAMPv2 DEM以及JLB97 DEM等四种国际上常用的南极DEM进行比较.结果表明:新建立的CryoSat-2 DEM的整体精度约为0.730±8.398 m;在冰弯顶部区域,DEM精度优于1 m;在冰架上,DEM精度约为4 m;在内陆冰盖大部分地区,DEM精度优于10 m;在地形复杂的山区和沿海边缘地区,DEM误差超过150 m. 相似文献
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Lambert冰川-Amery冰架系统是南极冰盖最大的冰流系统之一,对南极冰盖物质平衡研究有着重要的作用.数字高程模型(DEM)是进行南极冰盖研究的基础.本文基于CryoSat-2 L1b波形数据,研究建立了Lambert冰川流域高分辨率DEM.测高卫星返回波形在冰盖区域存在变形,需进行波形重跟踪处理.利用交叉点分析方法对重心偏移法(OCOG)、阈值法和β参数法等常用的波形重跟踪方法对不同类型的CryoSat-2波形的适用性进行了研究.最后,利用克里金插值方法建立了500 m分辨率的Lambert冰川流域DEM——LAS DEM (Lambert Glacier-Amery Ice Shelf system DEM).利用ICESat卫星测高数据和GPS地面实测数据对LAS DEM进行精度验证,并与另外两种基于CryoSat-2数据的南极DEM进行了对比.结果表明:LAS DEM的整体精度约为0.295±2.7 m,优于另外两种CryoSat-2 DEM;在冰盖内陆地区,LAS DEM的高程误差在2 m之内;在Amery冰架上,LAS DEM的精度优于1 m. 相似文献
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为了更好地保证从中山站到DomeA的南极内陆冰盖考察,该考察路线沿线的地形信息是必需的．虽然Radarsat南极制图计划fRAMP）能提供迄今为止最高精度的全南极数字高程模型（DEM）,其最高水平分辨率为200m,但其真正的水平分辨率根据源数据的比例尺和区域覆盖密度不同而不同．对于冰架和内陆冰盖地区,水平精度约为5km．在东南极内陆冰盖地区和远离山脉地区该DEM的垂直精度估计为±50m,因此更高精度的地形数据还不存在．为了满足将来对地形信息更高精度的要求,由于ASTER光学影像具有高的空间分辨率05m）,而ICESat／GLAS测高数据有较高的高程精度（13．8cm）,因此本文融合ASTER立体数据和ICESat／GLAS测高数据提取了该考察路线高精度数字高程模型．首先选择一些测高数据点作为ASTER提取DEM过程中的高程控制,以减少匹配错误．由于从75°～81°S范围没有合格的ASTER立体数据覆盖,并且在该范围内ICESat轨道覆盖度大,观测数据比较密集,因此在该区域仅使用ICESat测高数据提取DEM,最后生成覆盖整条路线的DEM．分析结果表明DEM精度得到很大的提高,DEM的绝对垂直精度某些地区优于15m,除了影像009—001外,其余所有结果精度都在30m以内．其内部精度优于15m,某些情况下优于7m．生成的结果达到1：50000制图标准．结果表明在南极地区,综合利用各种遥感数据提取南极地区冰面地形信息是一种经济有效的手段． 相似文献
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《中国科学:地球科学》2021,(7)
北极海冰是地球气候系统的重要因子,获取精确的海冰厚度及其变化信息对于开展北极和全球变化研究等有着重要的意义.卫星测高是获取连续、大范围海冰厚度的主要方法之一.冰间水道识别是卫星测高方法估算海冰厚度的关键之一.基于CryoSat-2数据,利用遥感影像对两种主要的冰间水道识别方法进行了对比,发现波形特征法能够更好地识别冰间水道.考虑到雷达信号对海冰表面积雪的不完全穿透,对海冰干舷-厚度转化模型进行了优化,通过选取合适的输入参数,获取了2010年11月至2019年12月北极海冰厚度,并利用IceBridge海冰厚度产品和仰视声呐数据对计算结果进行了验证,结果表明本文海冰厚度解算精度优于0.2m.最后,结合PIOMAS海冰模式数据、北极气温和海表面温度数据对北极海冰厚度变化特征进行了分析,发现2014年北极海冰厚度出现剧烈增长的现象. 相似文献
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利用嫦娥一号激光高度计获取的800多万个有效记录点科学数据,描述了一种基于Kriging插值方法来生成空间分辨率为0.25°×0.25°全月球均匀网格的数字高程模型.即对激光高度计科学数据进行加权插值,通过引进以距离为自变量的变差函数来计算权值.因变差函数既可以反映激光测高数据的空间结构特性,又可以反应激光测高数据的随机分布特性,故采用Kriging方法插值可以得到较理想的月球高程模型.同时,基于生成的全月球数字高程模型得到了月球的汉麦尔投影、麦卡托投影、正面、反面、南极、北极等月球地形图.该模型也与国际上的月球模型Clementine、ULCN2005与CLTM-s01进行了对比.由于嫦娥一号激光测高数据达800多万个记录点,得到的月球数字高程模型的精度更高. 相似文献
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综合使用光学与微波遥感数据,提出了南极冰架变化连续监测的系统方法,包括基于MOA的冰架基准图生成,基于相似性测度的影像匹配,及基于阈值与分水岭变换的图像分割方法.使用该方法获取了2002-2011年初全南极18个主要冰架的变化数据,并归纳了南极冰架变化的三种类别.进一步得出,近年间崩解变化为主的冰架均处于西南极,并主要集中在南极半岛;扩展变化为主的冰架集中在东南极;南极三大冰架的扩展变化明显,其中Amery冰架将在近年发生较大崩解.本研究首次获取了2002年初至2011年初每年一幅的动态的全南极海岸线数据,并得出近10年间南极海岸线扩展增加总量为5878 km2. 相似文献
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《中国科学:地球科学》2021,(10)
本文利用多源遥感数据,对五种主流的南极接地线遥感产品的精度进行了综合评估和分析.采用全新的评估策略和评估流程实现了接地线产品精度的系统评估.评估流程主要分成两大步骤:首先提出一组评估指标自动处理了84.4%的接地线数据,再根据多源遥感数据完成了剩余15.6%部分数据的人工评估.结果显示, InSAR接地线(InSAR GL)产品质量比较高(不一致度为0.3%),被推荐在有该类数据时优先使用.基于光学影像提取的接地线产品质量相对较低(不一致度为3～12%),但其覆盖范围更完整,尤其是覆盖了潮汐较弱的地区.在完成了全部五种接地线产品(1992～2009年)的精度评估后,发现有9.5%的南极接地线表现出后退或前进的趋势,这部分接地线被归类为"变化"状态.文章对南极不同流域尺度上的接地线变化进行了分析,发现其中接地线后退最快的区域为流域22(含松岛冰川),速率为(544±51)m a–1,前进最快的区域为流域14(包括默茨冰川),速率为(304±16)m a–1.西南极冰盖和东南极冰盖的接地线平均变化速度分别为(–370±8)和(5±7)m a–1.结果表明,西南极冰盖的接地线有显著的后退趋势,而东南极冰盖的接地线介于平衡和轻微前进趋势之间(除托滕冰架区域外). 相似文献
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南极冰盖冰雪质量变化反映了全球气候变化,并且直接影响着全球海平面变化.ICESat测高卫星的主要任务之一就是要确定南北两极冰盖的质量变化情况并评估其对全球海平面变化的影响.本文利用2003年10月至2008年12月的ICESat测高数据,针对南极DEM分辨率有限的特殊性,通过求解坡度改正值,解决重复轨道地面脚点不重合的问题,计算了南极大陆(86°S以北区域,后文所述南极冰盖均不包括86°S以南区域)在这5年里的冰雪质量变化情况,得到东南极冰盖的质量变化为-18±20Gt/a,西南极-26±6Gt/a,南极冰盖的冰雪质量变化为-44±21Gt/a,对全球海平面上升的影响约为0.12mm·a~(-1).解算结果表明,南极冰盖质量亏损主要集中在西南极阿蒙森海岸附近冰川以及东南极波因塞特角区域. 相似文献
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High-accuracy topographical information extraction based on fusion of ASTER stereo-data and ICESat/GLAS data in Antarctica 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
In order to better support Antarctic inland ice sheet expedition from Zhongshan Station to Dome A, the topographic data are
necessary. At present, although the entire Antarctic DEM provided by RAMP (Radarsat Antarctic Mapping Project) was estimated
at the highest horizontal (spatial) resolution of about 200 m, the real horizontal resolution of the DEM varies from place
to place depending on the density and scale of the original source data. For ice shelves and the inland ice sheet, the horizontal
resolution is about 5 km; the vertical accuracy is estimated to be ±50 m in interior East Antarctic ice sheet and away from
the mountain ranges. Therefore, more accurate topographic data are unavailable in Antarctica. In order to meet the requirements
of high-accuracy topographic information for further researches, this paper mainly addresses a fusion study of ASTER stereo
pairs and ICESat/GLAS altimetry data for extraction of high-accuracy DEM in East Antarctica, based on the high horizontal
resolution (15 m) of ASTER and vertical accuracy (13.8 cm) of ICESat/GLAS. First, some altimetry data were selected as vertical
control points to reduce errors of image correlation matching during the extraction of ASTER-based DEM. Second, ice sheet
altimetry data derived from ICESat were used to generate DEM ranging from 75° to 81°S because existing ASTER data do not cover
this area and high density of the coverage of ICESat altimetry data. Finally, the DEM in coverage of the expedition route
was produced. The analysis of result reveals that the DEM accuracy is improved significantly. The absolute vertical accuracy
of DEM is higher than 15 m in some cases and higher than 30 m for all the areas along the expedition route except from the
009-001 scene; the interior accuracy is higher than 15 m and higher than 7 m in some cases. It can meet the requirements of
topographic map at 1:50000 scale, which is an economic and advantageous method to produce the topographic products.
Supported by National Natural Science Foundation (Grant No. 40606002), Surveying and Mapping in Chinese Antarctic Expedition
Area (Grant No. 1469990711109-1), National Key Technology R & D Program (Grant No. 2006BAD18B01), and GLA12 dataset of ICESat/GLAS
in National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC) 相似文献
12.
Tian Li Yan Liu Xiao Cheng LunXi Ouyang XinQing Li JiPing Liu Mohammed Shokr FengMing Hui Jing Zhang JiaHong Wen 《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2017,60(4):697-706
Antarctic tabular icebergs are important active components in the ice sheet-ice shelf-ocean system. Seafloor topography is the key factor that affects the drifting and grounding of icebergs, but it has not been fully investigated. This study analyzes the impact of seafloor topography on the drifting and grounding of Antarctic tabular icebergs using Bedmap-2 datasets and iceberg route tracking data from Brigham Young University. The results highlight the following points. (1) The quantitative distributions of iceberg grounding events and the tracking points of grounded icebergs are mainly affected by iceberg draft and reach their peak values in sea water with depths between 200 m and 300 m. The peak tracking point number and linear velocity of free-drifting icebergs are found in the Antarctic Slope Front (water depth of approximately 500 m). (2) The area of possible grounding regions of small-scale icebergs calved from ice shelf fronts accounts for 28% of the sea area at water depths less than 2000 m outside the Antarctic coastline periphery (3.62 million km2). Their spatial distribution is mainly around East Antarctica and the Antarctic Peninsula. The area of possible grounding regions of large tabular icebergs with long axes larger than 18.5 km (in water depths of less than 800 m) accounts for 74% of the sea area. (3) The iceberg drifting velocity is positively correlated with ocean depth in areas where the depth is less than 2000 m (R=0.85, P<0.01). This result confirms the effect of water depth variations induced by seafloor topography fluctuations on iceberg drifting velocity. 相似文献
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Recent satellite observations of the Antarctic and Greenland ice sheets show accelerated ice flow and associated ice sheet thinning along coastal outlet glaciers in contact with the ocean. Both processes are the result of grounding line retreat due to melting at the grounding line (the grounding line is the contact of the ice sheet with the ocean, where it starts to float and forms an ice shelf or ice tongue). Such rapid ice loss is not yet included in large-scale ice sheet models used for IPCC projections, as most of the complex processes are poorly understood. Here we report on the state-of-the art of grounding line migration in marine ice sheets and address different ways in which grounding line migration can be attributed and represented in ice sheet models. Using one-dimensional ice flow models of the ice sheet/ice shelf system we carried out a number of sensitivity experiments with different spatial resolutions and stress approximations. These are verified with semi-analytical steady state solutions. Results show that, in large-scale finite-difference models, grounding line migration is dependent on the numerical treatment (e.g. staggered/non-staggered grid) and the level of physics involved (e.g. shallow-ice/shallow-shelf approximation). 相似文献
15.
《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2021,(7)
Arctic sea ice plays an important role in Earth's climate and environmental system. Sea ice thickness is one of the most important sea ice parameters. Accurately obtaining the sea ice thickness and its changes has great significance to Arctic and global change research. Satellite altimeters can be used to derive long-term and large-scale changes in sea ice thickness. The leads detection is vital in sea ice thickness estimation by using satellite altimetry. Different leads detection methods are compared with remote sensing images, and results show that the detection method that uses waveform parameters can obtain improved results. The model for the conversion of freeboard to thickness is optimized by considering the incomplete penetration of snow for radar altimeters. We derive the estimates of the Arctic sea ice thickness for November 2010 to December 2019 by using the CryoSat-2 altimetry data. The sea ice thickness from the IceBridge and draft data from the upward-looking sonar are used to validate our thickness results. Validations show that the accuracy of our thickness estimates is within 0.2 m. Variations in the Arctic sea ice thickness are analyzed using the PIOMAS model and air and sea surface temperatures. A sharp increase in sea ice thickness is found in 2014. 相似文献