共查询到17条相似文献，搜索用时 203 毫秒
1.
热带生物海岸对全球变化的响应 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以热带生物海岸现代过程研究成果为基础,结合国内外相关资料,分析我国红树林海岸和珊瑚礁海岸对全球变暖、海平面上升、大气CO2浓度升高和海洋酸化的响应.其中,全球变暖和大气CO2浓度升高总体上有利于红树林生长发育,海平面上升对红树林和珊瑚礁的影响取决于红树林潮滩淤积速率和珊瑚礁礁坪堆积速率与海平面上升速率之间的对比关系.海平面加速上升将威胁部分红树林、珊瑚礁及其后的海岸堤防.全球变暖海表异常高温导致珊瑚白化、海洋酸化导致珊瑚和珊瑚藻钙化率降低将成为21世纪珊瑚礁的重大威胁.全球变化的不确定性和生态系统响应机制仍然有待进一步研究.主要是人类不合理开发活动导致目前红树林和珊瑚礁的广泛严重破坏,加强海岸带综合管理和生态环境保护,加强生态系统恢复重建,是有效适应本世纪全球变化影响的重要措施. 相似文献
2.
海岸地区是全球人口密集、城镇密布和经济发达区 ,这一区域的都市化和工业化进程迅猛 ,旅游业飞速发展。所有这些对自然资源和生物多样性构成了严重威胁。同时 ,由于全球海平面的变化及沿岸砂量的变化 ,对海洋动力敏感的两种海岸———沙质海岸和淤泥质平原海岸的退损是非常显著的。海岸遭受侵蚀的因素有 :(1)海平面上升 ;(2 )陆源供沙减少 ;(3)人为海岸带采沙 ;(4 )海岸工程负面效应 ;(5 )其他。根据研究 ,海平面上升 5 0ｃｍ情况下 ,我国的青岛、汇泉、浮山 3个海湾海滩损失面积多达 17万多ｍ2 ,损失率在30 %以上 ,滨海后退达 34 0ｍ之多 … 相似文献
3.
中国沿岸海平面上升及影响研究的现状与问题 总被引：17，自引：0，他引：17
对近年来中国沿岸相对海平面上升趋势及其影响研究的现状进行了总结，着重就目前研究中有关我国沿岸潮滩湿地与其他低地淹没以及加剧的海岸灾害估算等方面存在的难点和问题进行了分析与讨论。并在此基础上提出今后应加强相关基础资料积累、重视海平面上升与其他协同作用因素对研究对象的综合影响、海平面上升引起的海洋水文与海岸环境要素演变以及我国沿岸海岸信息系统研究等方面的建议。 相似文献
4.
为研究海平面上升对潮滩-潮沟系统的影响,以江苏中部粉砂淤泥质海岸为原型,建立变态物理模型,模拟研究在不同海平面潮汐过程作用下的潮沟发育和演变过程,分析了潮滩淹没历时、排水密度、潮沟断面形态等特征参数变化规律。研究表明:潮沟在发育初期伸长速率高于拓宽速率,最终趋于动态平衡;海平面上升后,潮滩淹没历时增加,露滩时间缩短,归槽水对潮沟底床的塑造作用减弱;平均归槽水流长度和Horton排水长度均随海平面上升呈现出减小趋势,潮沟的排水能力增强;潮沟断面宽深比服从对数正态分布,随着海平面上升,潮沟断面面积和宽深比均呈现出增大趋势,宽深比分布范围变广。 相似文献
5.
通过滇东寒武系筇竹寺阶和曲靖志留纪盆地的层序地层学、生物地层学研究,发现生物与海平面变化之间有一定的规律可寻。（１）物种形态响应：在滇东寒武系筇竹寺阶三叶虫演化序列中,这种响应反映为海平面下降过程有利于形成土著（原地）物种;而海平面上升则导致异地物种的迁入。（２）群落响应：每一个海平面变化旋回都要产生底栖海相群落的重组,形成新的生物组合。（３）种群响应：种群对海平面变化的响应通常表现为种群大小的波动,实质上是种群在不同生存环境中的不同表现。 相似文献
6.
海岸生物地貌过程研究海岸带生物过程和动力-沉积-地貌过程之间的双向相互作用,是海岸生态系统响应和反馈全球变化的重要机制,被列为全球变化核心项目海岸带陆海相互作用研究的重点内容。20世纪90年代以来的调查研究揭示了华南红树林和珊瑚礁热带生物海岸生物地貌过程的主要特点。造礁石珊瑚的高生长率和珊瑚礁高堆积速率是珊瑚礁生物地貌过程的物质基础;红树林生态系统的高生产力、高归还率和捕沙促淤功能是红树林生物地貌过程的物质基础。热带生物海岸地貌结构显示分带性和生物地貌类型和动力地貌类型的叠加和共存,潮汐水位严格控制群落分布格局并形成重要的生物地貌界限。热带生物海岸生物地貌过程有利于消除或减缓海平面上升的浸淹效应。热带生物海岸不断加剧的人类活动干扰和生态破坏导致生物地貌功能削弱和海岸资源环境恶化。 相似文献
7.
海平面升降旋回中的生物响应 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过滇东寒武系筇竹寺阶和曲靖志留纪盆地的层序地层学,生物地层学研究,发现生物与海平面变化之间有一定的规律可寻。（１）物种形态响应：在滇东寒武系筇竹寺阶三叶虫演化序列中,这种响应反映为海平面下降过程有利于形成土著（原地）物种：而海平面上升则导致异地物种的迁入。（２）群落响应;每一个海平面变化旋回都要产生底栖海相群落的重组,形成新的生物组合。（３）种群响应：种群对海平面变化的响应通常表现为种群大小的波 相似文献
8.
海平面上升对我国沿海低地的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
介绍了影响我国沿海低地相对海平面上升的因素,讨论了相对海平面上升对我国海岸侵蚀、沿海低地淹没等影响以及风险等级划分的若干问题。 相似文献
9.
潮滩剖面形态与多组分泥沙分选是海岸动力学与河口、海岸地貌学的重要研究内容,对保持生物多样性、研究沉积历史和沿海工程评估等具有重要的实际意义。从现场观测、理论解析和数值模拟等方面,归纳了在潮滩剖面形态特征与多组分泥沙分选方面研究的主要进展。回顾了潮滩剖面形态分别在潮流和波浪主导下的经典理论解析解,剖析了包括潮流、波浪泥沙来源及特性等主要影响因子以及植被、海平面上升、围垦工程等其他影响因子对潮滩剖面形态水平向、垂向泥沙分选过程的作用机理,同时提出了考虑水动力、生物作用、人类活动等多因子耦合作用下潮滩演变研究以及定量化预测方向的若干亟待解决的科学问题。 相似文献
10.
海岸沙丘对风暴响应研究进展 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
《地球科学进展》2017,(7)
全球海岸沙丘主要分布地区频繁遭受风暴袭击,风暴成为海岸沙丘形成演变的一个高能影响因子,也是研究波浪—海滩—沙丘相互作用的重要内容之一。从海岸沙丘形态对风暴响应、海岸沙丘沉积物对风暴的响应、海岸沙丘对风暴响应机理及其研究方法与技术等方面综合评述了国内外海岸沙丘对风暴响应的研究进展,并针对目前研究中存在的问题提出了今后发展的主要研究方向。 相似文献
11.
A modeling study of coastal inundation induced by storm surge,sea-level rise,and subsidence in the Gulf of Mexico 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
Zhaoqing Yang Taiping Wang Ruby Leung Kathy Hibbard Tony Janetos Ian Kraucunas Jennie Rice Benjamin Preston Tom Wilbanks 《Natural Hazards》2014,71(3):1771-1794
The northern coasts of the Gulf of Mexico (GoM) are highly vulnerable to the direct threats of climate change, such as hurricane-induced storm surge, and such risks are exacerbated by land subsidence and global sea-level rise. This paper presents an application of a coastal storm surge model to study the coastal inundation process induced by tide and storm surge, and its response to the effects of land subsidence and sea-level rise in the northern Gulf coast. The unstructured-grid finite-volume coastal ocean model was used to simulate tides and hurricane-induced storm surges in the GoM. Simulated distributions of co-amplitude and co-phase lines for semi-diurnal and diurnal tides are in good agreement with previous modeling studies. The storm surges induced by four historical hurricanes (Rita, Katrina, Ivan, and Dolly) were simulated and compared to observed water levels at National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration tide stations. Effects of coastal subsidence and future global sea-level rise on coastal inundation in the Louisiana coast were evaluated using a “change of inundation depth” parameter through sensitivity simulations that were based on a projected future subsidence scenario and 1-m global sea-level rise by the end of the century. Model results suggested that hurricane-induced storm surge height and coastal inundation could be exacerbated by future global sea-level rise and subsidence, and that responses of storm surge and coastal inundation to the effects of sea-level rise and subsidence are highly nonlinear and vary on temporal and spatial scales. 相似文献
12.
Densely populated coastal zones of India are highly exposed to natural environment. These are impacted by episodic natural events, continuous coastal process, gradually rising sea levels and coexisting human interventions. The present study is an attempt to assess the implication of the sea level rise and coastal slope in the coastal erosion for entire mainland of India. In this regard, two methods were employed to estimate the shoreline change rate (SCR): (1) satellite-derived SCR using the Landsat TM and ETM+ acquired during 1989–2001 and (2) SCR derived by Bruun Rule using the parameters coastal slope and sea level trend derived from satellite altimetry. Satellite-derived SCR has been compared with the shoreline change estimated based on Bruun Rule, revealing a better agreement with each other in terms of trend. Peaks of shoreline retreat calculated using Bruun model and satellite-observed SCR offset by 25–50 km. Offset in these peaks was observed due to net drift towards north in the east coast and south in the west coast of India, revealing the applicability of the Bruun Rule along the Indian coast. The present study demonstrates that coastal slope is an additional parameter responsible for the movement of shoreline along with sea level change. The results of satellite-derived SCR reveal the highest percentage of erosion along West Bengal coast with 70% followed by Kerala (65%), Gujarat (60%) and Odisha (50%). The coastlines of remaining states recorded less than 50% of coasts under erosion. Results of this study are proving critical inputs for the coastal management. 相似文献
13.
《China Geology》2018,1(4):512-521
Shandong has more than 70% of natural coasts are under erosion. Coastal erosion started from the 1970’s and became a very serious problem at 1990’s. The dramatic decrease of sediment supplies from rivers caused rapid erosion at the delta and estuary areas, especially in the abandoned Yellow River Delta. Most sandy coasts along the Peninsula were eroded due to lack of sand supply and interruption of alongshore sediment drift, sand dredging from the beach or the offshore area caused serious erosion during short time. Sea-level rise causes slow but constant shoreline retreats and became a more serious threat. Different types of hard solutions for coastal protection against erosion were used in Shandong. Seawalls are most widely used, especially at the Yellow River Delta and city center waterfront. Groynes, jetties and breakwater are used on the north and east sandy coast of the Peninsula. Hard approaches are effective to protect the coast erosion but not change the erosion causes and led secondary impact on the coast. Soft engineering solution or the combined solutions are taken into acts. Beach nourishment is mostly considered as the better soft solution, especially to those tourists attracting sandy beaches along the Shandong coast. Long term monitoring and continuous lessons learning from the coastal erosion management will be adaptive for better coast solution in the future. 相似文献
14.
Coastal megacities and climate change 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
Robert J. Nicholls 《GeoJournal》1995,37(3):369-379
Rapid urbanization is projected to produce 20 coastal megacities (population exceeding 8 million) by 2010. This is mainly a developing world phenomenon: in 1990, there were seven coastal megacities in Asia (excluding those in Japan) and two in South America, rising by 2010 to 12 in Asia (including Istanbul), three in South America and one in Africa.All coastal locations, including megacities, are at risk to the impacts of accelerated global sea-level rise and other coastal implications of climate change, such as changing storm frequency. Further, many of the coastal megacities are built on geologically young sedimentary strata that are prone to subsidence given excessive groundwater withdrawal. At least eight of the projected 20 coastal megacities have experienced a local orrelative rise in sea level which often greatly exceeds any likely global sea-level rise scenario for the next century.The implications of climate change for each coastal megacity vary significantly, so each city requires independent assessment. In contrast to historical precedent, a proactive perspective towards coastal hazards and changing levels of risk with time is recommended. Low-cost measures to maintain or increase future flexibility of response to climate change need to be identified and implemented as part of an integrated approach to coastal management. 相似文献
15.
Beach erosion under rising sea‐level modulated by coastal geomorphology and sediment availability on carbonate reef‐fringed island coasts 
下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Bradley M. Romine Charles H. Fletcher L. Neil Frazer Tiffany R. Anderson 《Sedimentology》2016,63(5):1321-1332
This study addresses gaps in understanding the relative roles of sea‐level change, coastal geomorphology and sediment availability in driving beach erosion at the scale of individual beaches. Patterns of historical shoreline change are examined for spatial relationships to geomorphology and for temporal relationships to late‐Holocene and modern sea‐level change. The study area shoreline on the north‐east coast of Oahu, Hawaii, is characterized by a series of kilometre‐long beaches with repeated headland‐embayed morphology fronted by a carbonate fringing reef. The beaches are the seaward edge of a carbonate sand‐rich coastal strand plain, a common morphological setting in tectonically stable tropical island coasts. Multiple lines of geological evidence indicate that the strand plain prograded atop a fringing reef platform during a period of late‐Holocene sea‐level fall. Analysis of historical shoreline changes indicates an overall trend of erosion (shoreline recession) along headland sections of beach and an overall trend of stable to accreting beaches along adjoining embayed sections. Eighty‐eight per cent of headland beaches eroded over the past century at an average rate of ?0·12 ± 0·03 m yr?1. In contrast, 56% of embayed beaches accreted at an average rate of 0·04 ± 0·03 m yr?1. Given over a century of global (and local) sea‐level rise, the data indicate that embayed beaches are showing remarkable resiliency. The pattern of headland beach erosion and stable to accreting embayments suggests a shift from accretion to erosion particular to the headland beaches with the initiation of modern sea‐level rise. These results emphasize the need to account for localized variations in beach erosion related to geomorphology and alongshore sediment transport in attempting to forecast future shoreline change under increasing sea‐level rise. 相似文献
16.
海南岛火山海岸以沿小火山口形成的海蚀地貌和全新世火山爆发使局部海湾抬升为海岸阶地、河口堵流并形成深切海湾以及促进了珊瑚礁发育为特征。火山活动改变了海岸带的地势、坡度、动力条件、沉积特征以及海岸演变趋势,火山海岸发育受到构造内动力、波浪、潮流、风化作用等外动力以及生物作用的多重影响。火山岩岩性和时代反映出北部湾湾底的现代拉张构造活动。夏威夷火山海岸的环境效应以造陆和板块移动形成岛链、近期熔岩流喷溢改变地貌和大气质量等为特征。现代日本鹿儿岛火山碎屑喷发物掩埋道路和建筑物并促发泥石流灾害,改变着火山海岸作用过程。对比研究火山海岸及其环境效应,及时预报并进而制定有效的防灾、减灾对策。 相似文献