首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 46 毫秒
1.
  相似文献   

2.
A groundwater recharge process of heterogeneous hard rock aquifer in the Moole Hole experimental watershed, south India, is being studied to understand the groundwater flow behaviour. Significant seasonal variations in groundwater level are observed in boreholes located at the outlet area indicating that the recharge process is probably taking place below intermittent streams. In order to localize groundwater recharge zones and to optimize implementation of boreholes, a geophysical survey was carried out during and after the 2004 monsoon across the outlet zone. Magnetic resonance soundings (MRS) have been performed to characterize the aquifer and measure groundwater level depletion. The results of MRS are consistent with the observation in boreholes, but it suffers from degraded lateral resolution. A better resolution of the regolith/bedrock interface is achieved using electrical resistivity tomography (ERT). ERT results are confirmed by resistivity logging in the boreholes. ERT surveys have been carried out twice—before and during the monsoon—across the stream area. The major feature of recharge is revealed below the stream with a decrease by 80% of the calculated resistivity. The time‐lapse ERT also shows unexpected variations at a depth of 20 m below the slopes that could have been interpreted as a consequence of a deep seasonal water flow. However, in this area time‐lapse ERT does not match with borehole data. Numerical modelling shows that in the presence of a shallow water infiltration, an inversion artefact may take place thus limiting the reliability of time‐lapse ERT. A combination of ERT with MRS provides valuable information on structure and aquifer properties respectively, giving a clue for a conceptual model of the recharge process: infiltration takes place in the conductive fractured‐fissured part of the bedrock underlying the stream and clayey material present on both sides slows down its lateral dissipation. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

3.
Buried Quaternary valleys in Denmark are complex structures filled with various deposits consisting primarily of glacio-lacustrine clay, till and meltwater sand, and gravel. The valleys are important geophysical targets, because they often contain significant volumes of groundwater used for public water supply. About 700 km of buried valley structures have been imaged in the western part of Denmark by the transient electromagnetic (TEM) method. The ability to map the valleys depends primarily on valley geometry, infill architecture and the resistivity of the fill sediments as well as the substratum. One-dimensional (1-D) inversion models of the TEM soundings have been used to construct contour maps of 20 m average resistivities and depth to a good conductor, which provide images for geological interpretation. Images of buried valley morphology, fill properties, infill architecture, such as cut-and-fill structures, valley distribution and valley generations, are characterized for case studies from Hornsyld, Holstebro and the Vonsild/Agtrup areas of Denmark.  相似文献   

4.
We have correlated the longitudinal unit conductance CL obtained from interpreted vertical electrical sounding data with the formation resistivity Rt and the formation resistivity factor F, obtained by carrying out electrical borehole logging. Interpreted geophysical data of eleven soundings and two electrical borehole log records are used for the analysis. The geophysical data used were acquired in a sedimentary basin. The study area is called Lower Maner Basin located in the province of Andhra Pradesh, India. Vertical electrical soundings were carried out using a Schlumberger configuration with half current electrode separation varying from 600–1000 m. For logging the two boreholes, a Widco logger‐model 3200 PLS was used. True formation resistivity Rt was calculated from a resistivity log. Formation resistivity factor F was also calculated at various depths using Rt values. An appreciable inverse relation exists between the correlated parameters. The borehole resistivity Rt and the formation resistivity factor F decrease with the increase in the longitudinal unit conductance CL. We have shown the use of such a relation in computing borehole resistivity Rt and formation resistivity factor F at sites that posses only vertical electrical sounding data, with a fair degree of accuracy. Validation of the correlation is satisfactory. Scope for updating the correlation is discussed. Significance and applications of the relation for exploration of groundwater, namely to update the vertical electrical sounding data interpretation by translating the vertical electrical sounding data into electrical borehole log parameters, to facilitate correlations studies and to estimate the porosity (φ), permeability (K) and water saturation Sw of water bearing zones are discussed.  相似文献   

5.
Resistivity investigations were carried out on an elementary watershed in SW Cameroon, firstly to assess the applicability of direct-current (DC) resistivity methods to solve various pedological problems in intertropical regions, and subsequently to determine the relationships between electrical resistivities and pedological properties of lateritic soil systems. The survey included measurements in pits with a small Wenner fixed-spacing array (SWA), vertical electrical soundings (VES) and vertical electrical “quick soundings” (VEQS) both using the Schlumberger configuration. The VES data were interpreted using a conventional multilayer inversion program to obtain best-fit models. Constraints to the interpretation of these data were provided by SWA and pedological information from existing observation pits. The results of the interpretation reveal five distinct geoelectrical layers overlying a resistive bedrock. The first is a thin organo-mineral upper layer with low resistivities in the range 250–450 Ωm. The second layer corresponds to micro-aggregated clayey materials and is more resistive (1300–1800 Ωm). The third represents the main part of ferruginous materials and is even more resistive (2000–4500 Ωm). The fourth corresponds to unsaturated saprolite and the last to saturated saprolite (ground water) with resistivities ranging from 800 to 1500 Ωm and from 150 to 250 Ωm, respectively. Estimates of soil volumes for the entire study area were obtained from VEQS interpretations. Most of the soil cover corresponds to saprolite (74%, being saturated by ground water), while topsoil and ferruginous materials represent 14 and 12%, respectively. Finally, geophysical results based upon 1-D inversion provide a satisfactory approximation of the various lateritic components' 3-D geometry over the watershed. The study provides original quantitative results concerning the behaviour of intertropical soil systems as well as some geomorphological keys for soil mapping at a regional scale.  相似文献   

6.
The thicknesses of slag piles at a smelling site in Midvale. Utah, were determined using geophysical methods; this information was needed to estimate the cost of removing or isolating slag that has the potential to contaminate ground water. From a small-scale preliminary investigation that, included terrain-conductivity profiling, low-frequency resistivity measurements, and induction logging, the electrical resistivities of the slag and the underlying sediment were determined to be approximately 100 Ω-m and 15 Ω-m, respectively. Because electromagnetic measurements are affected by such significant contrasts, terrain-conductivity profiling and time-domain electromagnetic soundings were used to determine the thicknesses of the slag piles. Generally, the estimated thicknesses from both methods were consistent and geologically plausible. In some instances, reliable estimates of the thicknesses could not be obtained because, for example, the measurements were affected by buried metal objects.
In this case study, we emphasize three principles that might help investigators at other smelter sites. First, a small-scale preliminary investigation saves time and money because those geophysical methods that have the greatest likelihood of success can be determined. Second, when the results from several geophysical methods are consistent, the confidence in the interpretation increases. Third, geophysical characterization is not always successful. Nonetheless, because of its outstanding advantages, it should be used before other more expensive characterization methods arc tried.  相似文献   

7.
In the central part of the Bolivian Altiplano, the shallow groundwater presents electrical conductivities ranging from 0·1 to 20 mS/cm. In order to study the origin of this salinity pattern, a good knowledge is required of the geometry of the aquifer at depth. In this study, geophysics has been used to complement the sparse data available from drill holes. One hundred time‐domain electromagnetic (TDEM) soundings were carried out over an area of 1750 km2. About 20 geological logs were available close to some of the TDEM soundings. Three intermediate results were obtained from the combined data: (i) the relationship between the electrical conductivity of the groundwater and the formation resistivity, (ii) geoelectrical cross‐sections and (iii) geoelectrical maps at various depths. The limited data set shows a relationship between resistivity and the nature of the rock. From the cross‐sections, a conductive substratum with a resistivity of less than 1 Ω·m was identified at most of the sites at depths ranging from 50 to 350 m. This substratum could be a clay‐rich formation containing brines. Using derived relationships, maps of the nature of the formation (sandy, intermediate and clayey sediments) were established at depths of 10 and 50 m. Discrimination between sand and clays was impossible where groundwater conductivity is high (>3 mS/cm). In the central part of the area, where the groundwater conductivity is low, sandy sediments are likely to be present from the surface to a depth of more than 200 m. Clayey sediments are more likely to be present in the south‐east and probably constitute a hydraulic barrier to groundwater flow. In conclusion, the study demonstrates the efficiency of the TDEM sounding method to map conductive zones. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

8.
Buried Pleistocene subglacial valleys are extensively used as groundwater reservoirs by waterworks in northern Germany, although little is known about the locations and size of these valleys and the internal structure of the sediment fill. This lack of knowledge about important groundwater reservoirs is a challenge for geophysics.This paper summarizes the geophysical investigation of two buried Pleistocene subglacial valleys in northern Germany—the Ellerbeker Rinne and the Bremerhaven–Cuxhavener Rinne—including seismic, gravity, and airborne electromagnetic (AEM) surveys. Seismic sections show the detailed structure of the paleovalleys. The reliability of interpretation is enhanced by vertical seismic profiles in wells. The maximum depths of the Ellerbeker Rinne and the Bremerhaven–Cuxhavener Rinne were found to be 360 and about 400 m, respectively. Gravity survey revealed Bouguer anomalies above the sediment fill of both buried valleys. The Ellerbeker Rinne produces a negative residual anomaly of −0.5 mGal, whereas the sediments of the Bremerhaven–Cuxhavener Rinne produce a positive anomaly. The latter one is superimposed by negative gravity anomalies due to near-surface structures. The Bremerhaven–Cuxhavener Rinne can be mapped by airborne electromagnetics at locations without saltwater intrusion, which would affect the measurements. The electrical conductivity of the clay layer at the top of the valley fill differs significantly from that of the surrounding sand. The combined use of these three geophysical methods, which measure different physical parameters, leads to a better understanding of the subsurface geology and the hydrogeology of the Pleistocene subglacial valleys.  相似文献   

9.
A simple measure, the association parameter, is proposed for directly comparing the results of two electrical soundings. The use of this measure to classify field results and to gain some insight into geological structure before extensive depth interpretation is discussed. In particular it is shown that when used with soundings conducted using the tripotential technique the combined use of association parameter arid lateral inhomogeneity index can allow structural patterns to be discerned where otherwise they might be obscured. Possible extension of the technique is considered.  相似文献   

10.
The indirect method of interpreting resistivity data is capable only of limited success because of the difficulty of calculating type curves for complex structures. Consequently a need arises for a direct method of interpretation for complex generalized structures. Such a technique for the direct interpretation of apparent resistivity data, obtained by electrical soundings carried out over two-dimensional structures, has been developed from an examination of the Hankel transform of such data. The method is based on the observation that the asymptotic expansion of the Hankel transform is critically dependent upon the minimum distance between the measuring device and the surface of discontinuity in resistivity. The variation in the across strike direction may be mapped by a sequence of depth soundings made parallel to each other and separated in the across strike direction.  相似文献   

11.
Analytical solutions of vertical electrical soundings (VES) have mostly been applied to groundwater exploration and monitoring groundwater quality on terrains of fairly simple geology and geomorphology on which the electrode arrays are symmetrical (e.g. Schlumberger or Wenner configurations). The sounding interpretation assumes flat topography and horizontally stratified layers. Any deviations from these simple situations may be impossible to interpret analytically. The recently developed GEA-58 geoelectrical instrument can make continuous soundings along a profile with any colinear electrode configuration. This paper describes the use of finite-difference and finite-element methods to model complex earth resistivity distributions in 2D, in order to calculate apparent resistivity responses to any colinear current electrode distribution in terrains in which the earth resistivities do not vary along the strike. The numerical model results for simple situations are compared with the analytical solutions. In addition, a pseudo-depth section of apparent resistivities measured in the field with the GEA-58 is compared with the numerical solution of a real complex resistivity distribution along a cross-section. The model results show excellent agreement with the corresponding analytical and experimental data.  相似文献   

12.
One simulation and two field examples from New Jersey illustrate resolution improvement in geoelectrical soundings applied to groundwater exploration. Layered-earth parameter resolution is derived from data obtained with the commonly used methods of resistivity, induced polarization (IP) and transient electromagnetic (TEM) soundings. Resolution improvement is achieved by simultaneous inversion of two or more data sets and by constraining parameters of the inverse problem. A quantitative analysis showing the contribution of IP data to the resolution of geo-electric sections is presented. Simultaneous inversion of simple IP data with conventional resistivity and resistivity-TEM data sets resulted in improved parameter resolution. IP data improved resolution in three ways: (1) by decoupling correlated layered-earth parameters, (2) by adding information to a geological interpretation about a second physical property, namely chargeability, and (3) by increasing the electrical information available.  相似文献   

13.
1D complete calculation for electrostatic soundings interpretation   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
Soundings achieved with the electrostatic method cannot be interpreted correctly with 1D electrical programs if the extension of the array or the conductivity of the ground are too large. A complete calculation taking into account the induction effect due to the frequency must be performed. This paper presents the solutions for overcoming the difficulties encountered in this calculation: the iterative processes which make it possible to determine the kernel functions of the Hankel transforms and the analytic integration of the terms of the electric field. Application to practical cases first illustrates the distortion of the electrostatic curves by reference to DC sounding curves. The limitation in depth of investigation is then emphasized: in practice, the investigation is limited by the skin depth corresponding to the frequency used. The examples of the soundings obtained in the city of Alexandria (Egypt) demonstrate the importance of using the complete calculation for very conductive grounds.  相似文献   

14.
电磁勘探中各向异性研究现状和展望   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文
电各向异性广泛存在于自然界中,已成为电磁勘探资料解释中不可忽视的因素.特别是在一些沉积岩地区,由于层理发育导致地下介质电阻率随电流方向发生变化,表现出很强的各向异性导电性.此时,利用各向同性模型进行电磁数据解释将引起很大的误差.本文回顾了电磁勘探中电各向异性研究的历史,简要介绍电各向异性成因、数值模拟中的数学描述及电各向异性介质中电磁场正反演模拟方法等研究现状,总结电各向异性在大地电磁、可控源电磁、航空电磁和感应测井等方面的最新研究进展及未来的挑战.随着多维电磁数据采集及正反演模拟技术的进步和计算能力的提高,给电各向异性信息提取和应用带来了新的契机.电各向异性研究将在矿产资源勘查、油气存储与运移特征分析、地下水和地热、环境工程地质调查、大地构造及地质灾害预测等方面发挥积极作用.  相似文献   

15.
Abstract

An investigation on the groundwater potentials of the Egbe-Mopa area in central Nigeria, underlain by the Basement Complex, is presented. The investigation involved mapping of the subsurface by use of vertical electrical soundings; measurement of depth to groundwater; and evaluation of hydraulic conductivity, transmissivity and yield by means of pumping test interpretation. The results indicate subsurface units that range from three to five resistivity layers; depth to groundwater of 0–10 m; overburden thickness of 3–16 m; hydraulic conductivity of 6.2?×?10?6 to 3.4?×?10?4 m/s; transmissivity of 4.3?×?10?7 to 2?×?10?3 m2/s; and groundwater yield of 0.2–2.5 L/s. The hydraulic head assessments revealed a general northward groundwater flow direction. The study identified three aquifer potential types, of high, medium and low productivity, respectively. Based on the longitudinal conductance of the overburden units, four distinct Aquifer Protective Capacity zones were delineated, namely, poor, weak, moderate and good.

Citation Okogbue, C.O. and Omonona, O.V., 2013. Groundwater potential of Egbe-Mopa basement area, central Nigeria. Hydrological Sciences Journal, 58 (4), 826–840.  相似文献   

16.
Su GW  Quinn NW  Cook PJ  Shipp W 《Ground water》2006,44(5):754-757
An understanding of the hydraulic properties of the aquifer and the depth distribution of salts is critical for evaluating the potential of ground water for conjunctive water use and for maintaining suitable ground water quality in agricultural regions where ground water is used extensively for irrigation and drinking water. The electrical conductivity profiles recorded in a well using the flowing fluid electric conductivity (FEC) logging method can be analyzed to estimate interval-specific hydraulic conductivity and estimates of the salinity concentration with depth. However, operating irrigation wells commonly allow limited access, and the traditional equipment used for FEC logging cannot fit through the small access pipe intersecting the well. A modified, miniaturized FEC logging technique was developed for use in wells with limited access. In addition, a new method for injecting water over the entire screened interval of the well reduces the time required to perform FEC logging.  相似文献   

17.
The productivity and the water quality of coastal aquifers can be highly heterogeneous in a complex environment. The characterization of these aquifers can be improved by hydrogeological and complementary geophysical surveys. Such an integrated approach is developed in a non-consolidated coastal aquifer in Myanmar (previously named Burma).A preliminary hydrogeological survey is conducted to know better the targeted aquifers. Then, 25 sites are selected to characterize aquifers through borehole drillings and pumping tests implementation. In the same sites, magnetic resonance soundings (MRS) and vertical electrical soundings (VES) are carried out. Geophysical results are compared to hydrogeological data, and geophysical parameters are used to characterize aquifers using conversion equations. Finally, combining the analysis of technical and economical impacts of geophysics, a methodology is proposed to characterize non-consolidated coastal aquifers.Depth and thickness of saturated zone is determined by means of MRS in 68% of the sites (evaluated with 34 soundings). The average accuracy of confined storativity estimated with MRS is ± 6% (evaluated over 7 pumping tests) whereas the average accuracy of transmissivity estimation with MRS is ± 45% (evaluated using 15 pumping tests). To reduce uncertainty in VES interpretation, the aquifer geometry estimated with MRS is used as a fixed parameter in VES inversion. The accuracy of groundwater electrical conductivity evaluation from 15 VES is enough to estimate the risk of water salinity. In addition, the maximum depth of penetration of the MRS depends on the rocks' electrical resistivity and is between 20 and 80 m at the study area.  相似文献   

18.
An integrated approach of geoelectrical and hydrochemical investigation surveys was proposed for indicating contact regions between saline and fresh groundwater in the Khanasser valley region, northern Syria. The qualitative and quantitative interpretations of 34 vertical electrical soundings (VES) enable to characterize the salt water intrusion laterally and vertically. The established iso-apparent resistivity maps for different AB/2 spacings obviously indicate the presence of a lowresistivity (less than 4 Ohm·m) zone related to the salt water intrusion in the Quaternary and Paleogene deposits. The different hydrochemical and geophysical parameters, such as electrical resistivity, total dissolved solids (TDS) and major ions concentrations used to characterize the salt water intrusion gave almost similar results in locating and mapping the different boundaries of the groundwater salinity. The proposed approach is useful for mapping the interface between different groundwater qualities, and can be therefore used to successfully characterize the salt water intrusion phenomenon in other semi-arid regions. The application of such an approach is a powerful tool and can be used for water resource management in the water scarce areas.  相似文献   

19.
Abstract

The Great Basin section of the Basin and Range Physiographic Province of Nevada and adjoining states is a semiarid to arid region that is completely cut off from the sea. Valleys of the Great Basin are partly or completely surrounded by mountains in contrast to the Basin and Range Province of southern Arizona where isolated mountains are completely surrounded by valleys. Valleys completely surrounded by mountains are described as topographically closed whereas valleys that have surface connections with nearby valleys are considered to be topographically open. However, the topographic characteristics of individual valleys are not necessarily indicators of the hydrologic characteristics. The valley fill may be saturated with water to the ground surface or it may be entirely drained, depending upon the position of the controlling outlet. The playa on the valley floor may be dry or wet depending upon the depth to water in the valley. A classification of valleys of the Great Basin is presented, based on the extent to which a valley is isolated and the depth of the water table. The playa—whether it is wet or dry—is used to determine the classification of an individual valley.  相似文献   

20.
An inversion algorithm for interpreting electrical soundings based on a probabilistic treatment of the a priori information not only includes all the previous ones, but allows consideration of the constraints between the parameters. By introducing the a priori information, a unique solution among all the equivalent ones is obtained which is coherent with the geological background. Several examples dealing with the usual problems in the automatic interpretation of the electrical soundings illustrate the advantages of this algorithm. Good results are obtained with this method.  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号