共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
The mixed finite-element approximation to a second-order elliptic PDE results in a saddle-point problem and leads to an indefinite
linear system of equations. The mixed system of equations can be transformed into coupled symmetric positive-definite matrix
equations, or a Schur complement problem, using block Gauss elimination. A preconditioned conjugate-gradient algorithm is
used for solving the Schur complement problem. The mixed finite-element method is closely related to the cell-centered finite
difference scheme for solving second-order elliptic problems with variable coefficients. For the cell-centered finite difference
scheme, a simple multigrid algorithm can be defined and used as a preconditioner. For distorted grids, an additional iteration
is needed. Nested iteration with a multigrid preconditioned conjugate gradient inner iteration results in an effective numerical
solution technique for the mixed system of linear equations arising from a discretization on distorted grids. Numerical results
show that the preconditioned conjugate-gradient inner iteration is robust with respect to grid size and variability in the
hydraulic conductivity tensor. 相似文献
2.
INTRODUCTIoNImagetextureanalysisisanimportantpartofresearchin-tocomputervision.Forobjectidentificationandunderstand-ing,textureanalysisisthebasisoftheresearchwork.Ingeneral,texturecanberegardedasakindofstructurethatconsistsofmanytextureelementsorpatternswhicharemoreorlesssimilar,i.e.,primitivesthatformtexturesandspatialdependenceorinteractionbetweentheprimitives.Ex-tensiveresearchhasbeendoneintextureanalysis,andrefer-ence(Haralick,l979)hasmadeathoroughsurvey.Amongthesetextureanalysismetho… 相似文献
3.
BP神经网络方法在二维密度界面的反演中取得了较好的效果,但在反演三维界面时,由于模型更复杂、参数更多,BP神经网络的收敛速度和反演精度都有一定程度的下降。为了改善反演效果,本文利用遗传算法对BP神经网络的权值、阈值选择过程进行优化,获得了更好的网络模型;并将此模型应用于密度界面模型的反演中,预测误差从上百米减小到数十米,同时迭代计算步数减少了近2/3,有效减少了计算时间,反演结果更准确。利用基于遗传算法优化的BP神经网络反演了法国某地区莫霍面深度,预测相对误差仅为1.8%,取得了较好的应用效果。基于遗传算法优化的BP神经网络在密度界面的反演中具有良好的应用价值和研究前景。 相似文献
4.
Cheng Su Cunjun Feng Xizhi Wang Zhicai Huang Xiaocan Zhang 《Earth Science Informatics》2016,9(2):225-233
Flat surfaces or areas with no local gradient are general types of terrain in raster Digital Elevation Models (DEMs). When a DEM is used for automated hydrological analysis, it is necessary to assign flow directions over flat surfaces. This paper presents an improved algorithm for assigning flow directions over flat surfaces that builds on earlier work and offers efficiency improvements. The improved algorithm use distance transform method to calculate the distance values of cells in flat surfaces towards lower terrain and away from higher terrain, which can replace the recursive process in the earlier algorithm by a linear process, and reduce random data access. Furthermore, the improved algorithm assigns weights with different values and signs to the two distance values to guarantee that all flat surfaces are drained, which avoids the need to label each flat surface using the flood-fill algorithm in the earlier work. Comparisons of speed indicate that the improved algorithm is more efficient in assigning flow directions over flat surfaces. 相似文献
5.
6.
针对城市河网缺乏足够的实测资料和河网水动力学模型模拟速度慢的特点,提出将河网水动力学模型与遗传算法、神经网络方法结合,建立河网智能模型。模型中,利用河网水动力学模型提供神经网络所需的信息,遗传算法用于优化神经网络的初始权重。将该模型应用于上海市浦东新区河网中,智能模拟结果与经过实测资料验证的河网水动力学模型的模拟结果吻合较好,表明河网智能模型精度与水动力学模型接近。同时实时性较好,可用来预测河网水位变化特性,也为今后类似研究提供一种模拟技术。 相似文献
7.
时间谱电阻率(TSR)法的二维正演, 是计算可极化二维地电构造上三维电流偶极源的电场瞬变响应, 属所谓2.5维时间域电磁场数值模拟问题, 是目前国际上未妥善解决的计算地球物理疑难问题.针对现有算法的局限性, 建立了新的算法, 其特点是: (1)采用二维有限单元算法, 在矩形网格中增加两对角线形成三角网格剖分, 同时用高斯消元法消除矩形网格中心结点的待求未知量.这样, 既可较准确地模拟任意二维复杂地电断面, 又可节省计算量.(2)采用直接计算二次场的新算法, 只需计算电场和磁场沿地电构造走向两个分量的一次场, 因而, 不但计算精度较高, 而且不显著增加计算量.(3)采用G -S变换法作逆拉氏变换, 并利用拉氏变换延迟定理在倍增的时间间隔中插值, 从而实现对密集采样时间瞬变过程的快速计算.(4)能对可极化和导电大地(即同时包括IP和EM效应). 相似文献
8.
在分析自组织特征映射(SOFM)神经网络基本学习算法的基础上,从提高算法收敛速度和性能出发,提出了一种改进算法:根据实际应用并结合专家经验确定初始连接权值;采用高斯函数作为拓扑邻域函数;将算法分为粗调整和细调整两个阶段,分别采用不同的学习率和邻域函数,然后采用改进后的SOFM算法对砂土液化进行评价。实例研究表明,应用SOFM神经网络评价砂土液化高效可行,为砂土液化评价提供了新方法。 相似文献
9.
胡小荣 《物探化探计算技术》1998,20(3):249-255
泛克立格法是地质统计学的一种重要估值方法,当区域化变量在空间变异几何域内非平稳时常用泛克立格法来估值。然而,用泛克立格方程组计算估计权值时由于未对权的符号作任何限制,从而使得计算出的权值经常出现负权现象,而负权的存在有许多弊端,所以在许多应用中有必要对权值作非负要求。本文基于线性规划方法提出了一种考虑权值非负约束的泛克立格算法,该算法既考虑到了权值的非负约束条件,又利用了线性规划方法求解简便快捷的优点。 相似文献
10.
在应用神经网络进行洪水预报时,因洪水系统随着河道上游来流、区间降雨、河床演变等因素的动态变化,其特性并不总是按照基本相同的规律变化,对这类系统的参数辨识,要求算法具有较强的实时跟踪能力,以适应模拟或预测洪水运动变化过程的要求。在BP神经网络模型的基础上,运用最小二乘递推算法,引入时变遗忘因子实时跟踪模型中时变参数的变化,建立了神经网络在非线性系统中动态系统输入、输出数据间的映射关系。计算实例表明:该法对参数的快速时变具有较快的跟踪能力和较高的辨识精度,是一种非常实用的水文实时预报方法。 相似文献
11.
12.
The computation of electromagnetic (EM) fields, for 1-D layered earth model, requires evaluation of Hankel Transform (HT)
of the EM kernel function. The digital filtering is the most widely used technique to evaluate HT integrals. However, it has
some obvious shortcomings. We present an alternative scheme, based on an orthonormal exponential approximation of the kernel
function, for evaluating HT integrals. This approximation of the kernel function was chosen because the analytical solution
of HT of an exponential function is readily available in literature. This expansion reduces the integral to a simple algebraic
sum. The implementation of such a scheme requires that the weights and the exponents of the exponential function be estimated.
The exponents were estimated through a guided search algorithm while the weights were obtained using Marquardt matrix inversion
method. The algorithm was tested on analytical HT pairs available in literature. The results are compared with those obtained
using the digital filtering technique with Anderson filters. The field curves for four types (A-, K-, H-and Q-type) of 3-layer
earth models are generated using the present scheme and compared with the corresponding curves obtained using the Anderson
sc heme. It is concluded that the present scheme is more accurate than the Anderson scheme 相似文献
13.
预测储层裂缝的两种曲率方法应用比较 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
主曲率法和高斯曲率法是评价和预测油气储层裂缝分布和发育程度的两种数学方法，应用这两种方法对泌阳深凹陷中心安棚鼻状构造带中的白云岩储层的构造成因裂缝进行了评价。研究结果表明，在凹陷内部构造变形幅度相对平缓的地区，采用主曲率法预测构造裂缝时存在较大偏差，而高斯曲率法(GC)的应用结果与地质解释、钻井和测井资料吻合较好。应用结果表明，高斯曲率法是一种预测和评价构造裂缝分布规律的有效方法，具有很好的应用前景。 相似文献
14.
Block detection is one of the important steps in all discontinuous methods of analysis such as discontinuous deformation analysis and discrete element method. It is in fact a pre‐processing step for these methods. This paper describes a new approach to the problem of geometrically defining polyhedral rock blocks created by the intersection of planar discontinuities in a rock mass. An approach is developed based on the concept of using matrices with integer elements that mostly represent vertices, edges, or face numbers and their connections. Using square matrices with integer elements and performing edge/face regularization reduce the size of the matrices because of elimination of unnecessary faces, edges, and vertices; speed and accuracy of block tracing operation will be increased. This algorithm is able to trace and identify all kinds of blocks including convex and concave blocks formed by limited or unlimited fractures. The simplicity of the procedure makes it very attractive. The algorithm was programmed in C#.Net by over 8100 code lines; several examples are presented to show application of the algorithm in different situations. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
15.
地基不均匀沉降一直是困扰工程建设者的一个难题,而土体的先期固结压力则是预测地基沉降量和采取预防措施的一个重要参数。利用基于Matlab软件自主开发的复合工具箱CFSPT(Curve Fitting Solving and Plotting Tool),结合太原市地面沉降中最为常见的粉质黏土,研究分析了现有5种数学模型和本人引入的Guass1、Gauss2模型对确定粉质黏土先期固结压力的适用性和数学模型确定的先期固结压力与《土工试验方法标准》中经验法确定值的差异,并分析了如何选择最优数学模型确定先期固结压力。结果表明: 7种数学模型回归分析程度均很高,但仅Guass1模型确定的先期固结压力与《土工试验方法标准》中的经验法确定的值最为接近; 最优数学模型应当满足elgp曲线在初始端趋于一非零定值,在末端趋近于0,中间段曲线要收敛于一条斜直线。 相似文献
16.
The use of the ensemble smoother (ES) instead of the ensemble Kalman filter increases the nonlinearity of the update step during data assimilation and the need for iterative assimilation methods. A previous version of the iterative ensemble smoother based on Gauss–Newton formulation was able to match data relatively well but only after a large number of iterations. A multiple data assimilation method (MDA) was generally more efficient for large problems but lacked ability to continue “iterating” if the data mismatch was too large. In this paper, we develop an efficient, iterative ensemble smoother algorithm based on the Levenberg–Marquardt (LM) method of regularizing the update direction and choosing the step length. The incorporation of the LM damping parameter reduces the tendency to add model roughness at early iterations when the update step is highly nonlinear, as it often is when all data are assimilated simultaneously. In addition, the ensemble approximation of the Hessian is modified in a way that simplifies computation and increases stability. We also report on a simplified algorithm in which the model mismatch term in the updating equation is neglected. We thoroughly evaluated the new algorithm based on the modified LM method, LM-ensemble randomized maximum likelihood (LM-EnRML), and the simplified version of the algorithm, LM-EnRML (approx), on three test cases. The first is a highly nonlinear single-variable problem for which results can be compared against the true conditional pdf. The second test case is a one-dimensional two-phase flow problem in which the permeability of 31 grid cells is uncertain. In this case, Markov chain Monte Carlo results are available for comparison with ensemble-based results. The third test case is the Brugge benchmark case with both 10 and 20 years of history. The efficiency and quality of results of the new algorithms were compared with the standard ES (without iteration), the ensemble-based Gauss–Newton formulation, the standard ensemble-based LM formulation, and the MDA. Because of the high level of nonlinearity, the standard ES performed poorly on all test cases. The MDA often performed well, especially at early iterations where the reduction in data mismatch was quite rapid. The best results, however, were always achieved with the new iterative ensemble smoother algorithms, LM-EnRML and LM-EnRML (approx). 相似文献
17.
Conditional Spectral Simulation with Phase Identification 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Tingting Yao 《Mathematical Geology》1998,30(3):285-308
Spectral simulation is used widely in electrical engineering to generate random fields with a given covariance spectrum. The algorithms used are fast particularly when based on Fast Fourier Transform (FFT). However, because of lack of phase identification, spectral simulation only generates unconditional realizations. Local data conditioning is obtained typically by adding a simulated kriging residual. This conditioning process requires an additional kriging at each simulated node thus forfeiting the speed advantage of FFT. A new algorithm for conditioning is proposed whereby the phase values are determined iteratively to ensure approximative data reproduction while reproducing the frequency spectrum, that is, the covariance model. A case study is presented to demonstrate the algorithm. 相似文献
18.
基于GPU的地形可视化加速算法研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
地形可视化是利用数字高程模型DEM,采用计算机图形学和图像处理技术进行三维地形模拟显示。该技术在深部矿产预测、矿产资源评价、虚拟现实、娱乐游戏、飞行模拟等诸多领域有着广泛的应用。随着数据量的增大,三维地形可视化的实时、流畅视觉效果受到当前的计算机硬件技术水平限制。针对这一问题,本文运用ROAM算法进行地形建模,利用GPU高速并行运算性能加速地形可视化建模速度,加速模型显示效果。实验对比表明:当计算量比较小时,加速效果不显著;随着计算量的增大,计算效果越来越明显;当计算量达到一定值时,加速效果达到一个稳定的加速趋势。研究结果为地形可视化及矿产资源评价等类似工作提供了原创性可视化技术支撑。 相似文献
19.
基于模糊灰关联投影法的深基坑支护方案优选 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
针对深基坑支护方案决策影响因素的信息不完全性以及影响因素间与评价指标的灰色关联性,综合应用灰色系统理论、矢量投影原理和模糊数学理论,在灰色关联投影法的基础上,提出了深基坑支护方案优选的模糊灰关联投影法;采用组合赋权方法,使权重能更合理地诠释各指标因素的影响;提出了一种基于最优方案区分度的灵敏度分析方法。工程实例分析表明,采用该方法具有科学实用、操作简便、易于实现程序化、决策灵敏度高等特性,能够为方案的决策提供更为可靠的依据,具有一定的推广和实用价值 相似文献
20.
首先利用遗传算法(GA)的全局优化能力,解决了Kriging插值预测算法中相关参数的精确求解问题。针对衬砌结构力学状态表征量与基本参数是高度非线性关系而无法明晰表达的难题,建立了基于Kriging插值预测法的状态表征量等代显式通用模型。以抗拉强度控制参量为例,提出了采用拉丁抽样等代显式通用模型的具体隧道工程衬砌结构力学状态方程构造程序。基于以状态方程为约束条件建立的可靠度指标计算模式,构建起Kriging与GA协同优化的隧道衬砌稳定可靠度求解方法。实例应用对比表明,该方法与精确解的相对误差为4.8%,计算工作量仅为其2.5%。与目前已有的同类方法相比,具有明显的优越性。 相似文献