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1.
本文运用河流沉积学原理，以黑龙江省富裕县塔哈乡大马岗嫩江现代沉积露头为例，利用探槽，探坑及钻井获取的野外露头资料及室内各种微观分析测试资料，对嫩江下游现代河流沉积特征进行了详细研究，研究表明，该区河流积积自上而下包括了两种河型沉积，底部是以砾石沉积为主的辫状河沉积，其砾石层厚＞5米，横向上可追踪数百米，上部为一低能量曲流河点坝沉积，以中砾质细砂及粉砂沉积为主，底部无明显冲刷面，发育低角度槽状交错层理，同沉积变形层理及波状交错层理，向上过渡为天然堤的粉砂质泥与粉矿薄互层沉积及漫滩粉砂质泥沉积，其整体沉积特征是在一个辫状河泛滥平原上发育起来的低能源曲流河沉积，这一研究为地下复杂的河流相地层识 提供了一个新的实例。 相似文献
2.
中国中东部沉积盆地在中-新生代的沉积演化 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
论述了中国东部沉积盆地在中，新生代各沉积时期的发育特征，沉积相和沉积体系分布，古气候特征，清楚地反映了各沉积盆地的沉积演化和全区范围内的沉积发育过程。 相似文献
3.
惠民凹陷沙一中湖相碳酸盐与陆源碎屑混合沉积——以山东商河地区为例 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：5
商河地区沙一中广泛发育陆源碎屑与湖相碳酸盐的混合沉积。本文将混积层系、混积岩和呈零星分布的一起定义为广义的混合沉积，并且对于混合沉积来讲，没有一个具体的组分含量标准，只要该沉积物(岩)的确为陆源碎屑与碳酸盐的沉积，而非成岩作用或以后改造的假混合就可认定为混合沉积。研究区内混合沉积特征为陆源碎屑与湖相碳酸盐以较高的频率交互沉积和同一岩层内陆源碎屑组分与碳酸盐组分混合沉积，混合沉积的类型分为三类，即渐变式混合沉积、突变式混合沉积和复合式混合沉积，其中复合式沉积分为复合式沉积Ⅰ和复合式沉积Ⅱ，研究区内复合式沉积Ⅰ发育，复合式沉积Ⅱ不发育。并且本文从研究区混合沉积的区域地质背景、岩石学特征、沉积环境等方面进行了详细分析，建立了混合沉积相模式，进而对混合沉积的控制因素进行了讨论。 相似文献
4.
喷流沉积成矿作用研究的若干问题 总被引：21，自引：0，他引：21
研究海底喷流沉积矿床形成和陆源沉积速率，可确定喷流沉积矿床处于上盘蚀变的找矿标志和块状硫化物矿床产出的海底深度。此外还探讨了陆相喷流沉积成矿的可能性。 相似文献
5.
杜远生 《沉积与特提斯地质》1995,(3):53-61
造山带沉积地质学是融造山带地层学、沉积学、大地构造学及地球物理、地球化学等为一体的综合性分支学科，被誉为近年来自层序地层学诞生之后，沉积学领域又一次Ｂｅｎｃｈｍａｒｋ式的跃进．本文着重介绍了造山带沉积地质学研究中应坚持以活动论思想为指导，借鉴沉积盆地分析中整体分析、综合分析、背景分析和演化分析的学术思想和工作原理，并结合造山带结构和盆地及古海洋格局，确定造山带沉积地质学研究内容和技术路线、造山带沉积地质学包括造山带区域地层学、区域沉积学、区域构造学、地层层序和沉积演化、古地理和古海洋格局、动力沉积学和动力演化模式等内容和多层次综合研究的技术路线。 相似文献
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中国中东部中,新生代盆地分布及沉积体系类型 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
中国中东部在中、新生代地震演化中，形成了众多以陆相沉积为主的沉积盆地，可将其分为６大沉积区，其中共发育１４类沉积体系，不同的沉积区其发育阶段不同，沉积体系类型和分布亦不同。 相似文献
8.
深水牵引流沉积研究进展与展望 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
深水牵引流沉积是继深水重力流沉积之后发现的又一种新的深水沉积类型，目前已发现的深水牵引流沉积包括等深流沉积和内潮汐、内波沉积两种类型。综述了深水牵引流沉积的研究历史、现状与进展，指出了其存在的问题及发展趋势。 相似文献
9.
晚侏罗世是龙门山前陆盆地演化的关键时期，因而沉积体系与古环境演化研究具有重要意义。运用比较沉积学的方法，通过对沉积序列与旋回的详细研究，将研究区域晚侏罗世沉积体系分为湖泊沉积体系、三角洲沉积体系、冲积扇沉积体系以及河流沉积体系；基于沉积背景和演化的分析，确定龙门山推覆构造带是研究区晚株罗世古环境演化和沉积体系空间配置的控制因素；依据古流和物源分析，确定西北部的龙门山是本区主要物源区。 相似文献
10.
南盘江盆地三叠纪，经历了早三叠世中、晚期的拉张、断陷和中三叠世拉丁期之后的挤压断隆。其间形成复杂多变的沉积古地理环境。通过对沉积盆地中发育的风暴沉积组合以及引起风暴流作用水动力特点的研究，将风暴岩分为：（１）回流型风暴岩；（２）搅动型风暴岩。根据沉积地质背景分析及对含有风暴岩剖面结构的研究提出沉积地质构造背景与风暴沉积作用模式，说明构造运动对风暴岩的成困类型和保存是一个十分关键的地质因素。 相似文献
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海西—印支期上扬子南缘碳酸盐岩台地边缘沉积特征、演化及其控制因素 总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0
海西—印支期上扬子地块发育稳定型的碳酸盐岩大台地,在碳酸盐岩台地南缘台地边缘沉积体系发育,主要包括4种沉积类型:台地边缘滩,台地边缘礁、台地前缘斜坡、滩(礁)间海。据海西—印支期台缘沉积发育及分布特征,可分为4个沉积演化阶段:中泥盆世—晚泥盆世(SS1),台缘沿弥勒—师宗—晴隆—南丹—河池一线呈带状分布,台缘礁滩发育;早石炭世—早二叠世早期(SS2-SS3),台缘沿晴隆—六盘水—安顺呈带状分布,台缘生屑滩发育;早二叠世晚期—晚二叠世(SS4),沿贞丰—紫云—罗店—河池—柳州—娄底呈带状分布,台缘滩、台缘礁交互发育;早三叠世—中三叠世(SS5),沿贞丰—镇宁—贵阳—福泉一线呈带状分布,早三叠世主要发育台缘鲕粒滩,中三叠世台缘礁占优势。这4个阶段的台缘沉积特征表明:台地边缘礁滩沉积体系垂向演化受海平面变化控制,横向迁移主要受同沉积断裂控制,不同类型生物的出现和绝灭控制台缘生物礁滩的类型及特征。 相似文献
13.
巴西桑托斯盆地白垩系湖相藻叠层石礁特征及主控因素分析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
湖相碳酸盐岩研究正处于不断探索和认识阶段,近年来国内外大量湖相碳酸盐岩储层的发现,使主要借鉴海相碳酸盐岩理论的湖相碳酸盐岩研究得到关注和重视,并取得一定的成果和认识。巴西桑托斯盆地白垩系藻叠层石礁是湖相碳酸盐岩一种特殊的储层类型,对于丰富湖相碳酸盐岩理论具有重要意义。通过对地震剖面的振幅反射结构,钻井岩性剖面,岩芯沉积结构、构造观察,岩芯薄片孔渗及成岩分析,测井曲线反映的沉积物粒序变化及旋回组合特征等现象的综合分析,总结出了白垩系藻叠层石礁的主要特征及主控因素。藻叠层石礁以叠层石为格架,藻类的黏结作用使其成为大面积连片发育的黏结礁,其孔渗发育,是良好的储层。发育和分布主要受物源供给、古隆起、水体变化和藻类改造四种因素的控制。咸水环境下,在远离碎屑物源影响的水下古隆起上,水侵体系域时期,适应环境较强的叠层石繁盛,藻类的黏结作用使其成为具有格架结构的黏结礁,沿巴西桑托斯盆地东部隆起带大面积发育。 相似文献
14.
白云-荔湾地区新生界是否发育大型生物礁一直是珠江口盆地(东部)碳酸盐岩油气勘探的核心问题之一。根据已有的地质资料,总结了该区新生界碳酸盐岩及生物礁发育层段的规律性,并在此基础上首次总结了研究区生物礁地震识别特征、发育模式及其主控因素。研究表明:①白云-荔湾地区发育的大型生物礁在不同层段零星分布,多呈丘形、透镜体状外形,顶部具有强-中反射特征,底部连续可追踪,侧向上多见超覆不整合接触,内部多见加积、进积或退积地震发射特征、偶见杂乱至空白反射;②基于构造活动及古隆起背景,本区建立了3种类型的生物礁发育模式:Ⅰ台地边缘礁发育模式、Ⅱ古隆起斜坡礁发育模式、Ⅲ古隆起顶部礁发育模式;③构造运动及全球海平面变化是该区碳酸盐岩及生物礁发育的主控因素。 相似文献
15.
T. C. Brachert C. Betzler J. C. Braga J. M. Martin 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》1996,85(2):327-337
In order to evaluate the geological record of climatic change in neritic carbonates, we studied Late Miocene rock outcrops
in southern Spain. Six episodes of reef growth are documented (Burdigalian to Messinian) in Neogene basins of the Betic Cordillera,
which were located close to the margin of the global reef belt. The reefs are characterized by various zooxanthellate corals
which decrease in diversity with time, andHalimeda; the youngest reefs of the latest Messinian are characterized by the dominance of the genusPorites. Late Miocene coral reefs and reef-rimmed platforms alternate over time with non-reefal carbonate ramps characterized by
skeletal calcirudites or with gypsum such as that formed during the Messinian salinity crisis. The calcirudites lack reef
corals, calcified green algae and extensive marine cement, but exhibit skeletal components described from both modern and
fossil nontropical carbonates. These include bryozoans, mollusks, foraminifers, echinoderms and minor balanids, as well as
coralline algae of a bryomol association. The presence of some larger foraminifers indicates high temperatures, close to the
lower temperature threshold of the reef assemblage. Sea level lowstands and highstands are documented by wedges of bryomol
carbonate and chlorozoan patch reefs or prograding platforms. Thus, temperate climate depositional modes correspond to relatively
low sea levels, and warm-water modes to high sea levels. The Neogene infill of the Agua Amarga and Sorbas basins documents
two of these cycles. Other climate/sea-level cycles (including Messinian gypsum in the cool water depositional mode) are well
established in adjacent Neogene basins in southern Spain. This type of composite sequence seems to occur only along the margin
of the global reef belt and indicates an oscillatory latitudinal movement of the margin, which is associated with global climatic
change. The analysis of turnover in neritic depositional carbonate systems may therefore be considered a sensitive tool for
reconstructing climatic change from the fossil record. However, warm-water modes and temperate-water modes of carbonate sedimentation
and diagenesis differ significantly. For this reason the interpretation of composite system sequences by sequence stratigraphy
requires an extended concept. The particular type of mixed bryomolchlorozoan depositional sequence also bears some potential
for drowning, because sea level rise may be faster than the net production rate of temperate carbonate systems. 相似文献
16.
Lithofacies and sequence development on an Upper Devonian mixed carbonate-siliciclastic fore-reef slope, Canning Basin, Western Australia 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
ANNETTE D. GEORGE PHILLIP E. PLAYFORD† C. McA. POWELL P. M. TORNATORA‡ 《Sedimentology》1997,44(5):843-867
Detailed sedimentological and stratigraphical analysis coupled with conodont biostratigraphy of a fore-reef slope succession in the Napier Range (Napier Formation) is used to develop a depositional model and relative sea-level history for late Frasnian to late Famennian reef evolution in the Canning Basin of north-western Australia. Changes in sedimentary style on the slope, reflecting differing rates of carbonate production on the platform, are linked to third- and higher order relative sea-level fluctuations. Overlapping slope aprons accumulated along the base of a steep-walled platform margin. Coarse carbonate debris was deposited adjacent to the margin as talus breccias (via rockfall) and debris-flow breccias. Depositional slopes up to 45°, and locally steeper, are demonstrated using rotated geopetal cavity fills. The predominance of channel-filling lithofacies throughout the slope succession indicates the highly channelized nature of the aprons. The middle slope is dominated by sandy oolitic-peloidal turbiditic grainstones interpreted as sediment exported from an active platform. The turbidites and associated debris-flow breccias contrast with condensed carbonate intervals and deep-water, non-fenestral stromatolites that record times of very low platform production. Lower slope turbidites and associated intraclastic breccias indicate widespread redeposition of sediment eroded from lithified and semi-lithified limestones higher up the slope. Several third-order sequences are recognized in the fore-reef succession and these are composed primarily of transgressive and highstand deposits. Carbonate production was severely restricted in the early Famennian coinciding with development of onlapping siliciclastic aprons during a relative sea-level lowstand. Evidence for a subaerial exposure event is also preserved within the siliciclastic strata. Controls on sequence development are difficult to constrain. Although two sequence boundaries can be correlated with falls on the global sea-level curve, the reef complexes evolved in an active extensional regime and it is highly likely that tectonism, in conjunction with eustasy, controlled accommodation on the platform and therefore carbonate productivity. 相似文献
17.
贵州紫云晚石炭世叶状藻礁灰岩微相特征与沉积环境的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
紫云晚石炭世叶状藻礁发育在碳酸盐岩台地边缘内。研究以碳酸盐岩微相分析为主要手段,对叶状藻礁剖面中岩石的微相特征和沉积环境研究。主要总结出6个微相类型,为生物碎屑粒泥灰岩、生物碎屑泥粒灰岩、球粒生屑泥粒灰岩、叶状藻粒泥灰岩—叶状藻泥粒灰岩、腕足泥粒灰岩、生物碎屑颗粒灰岩。总结了一个在开阔台地与台地边缘过渡带上的局部相模式,由较深水的开阔台地相、叶状藻礁相、台内斜坡相和台内较浅水的斜坡相、较浅水的开阔台地相、台内浅滩相过渡,分析总结了叶状藻礁的沉积环境。微相组合及其在剖面纵向分布规律显示,剖面的总体沉积环境为潮下带浅水开阔台地环境。 相似文献
18.
《Sedimentary Geology》2001,139(3-4):171-203
Carbonates in the upper member of the Mesoproterozoic Victor Bay Formation are dominated by lime mud and packaged in cycles of 20–50 m. These thicknesses exceed those of classic shallowing-upward cycles by almost a factor of 10. Stratigraphic and sedimentological evidence suggests high-amplitude, high-frequency glacio-eustatic cyclicity, and thus a cool global climate ca. 1.2 Ga.The Victor Bay ramp is one of several late Proterozoic carbonate platforms where the proportions of lime mud, carbonate grains, and microbialites are more typical of younger Phanerozoic successions which followed the global waning of stromatolites. Facies distribution in the study area is compatible with deposition on a low-energy, microtidal, distally steepened ramp. Outer-ramp facies are hemipelagic lime mudstone, shale, carbonaceous rhythmite, and debrites. Mid-ramp facies are molar-tooth limestone tempestite with microspar-intraclast lags. In a marine environment where stromatolitic and oolitic facies were otherwise rare, large stromatolitic reefs developed at the mid-ramp, coeval with inner-ramp facies of microspar grainstone, intertidal dolomitic microbial laminite, and supratidal evaporitic red shale.Deep-subtidal, outer-ramp cycles occur in the southwestern part of the study area. Black dolomitic shale at the base is overlain by ribbon, nodular, and carbonaceous carbonate facies, all of which exhibit signs of synsedimentary disruption. Cycles in the northeast are shallow-subtidal and peritidal in character. Shallow-subtidal cycles consist of basal deep-water facies, and an upper layer of subtidal molar-tooth limestone tempestite interbedded with microspar calcarenite facies. Peritidal cycles are identical to shallow-subtidal cycles except that they contain a cap of dolomitic tidal-flat microbial laminite, and rarely of red shale sabkha facies or of sandy polymictic conglomerate. A transect along the wall of a valley extending 8.5 km perpendicular to depositional strike reveals progradation of inner-ramp tidal flats over outer- and mid-ramp facies during shoaling. The maximum basinward progradation of peritidal facies coincides with a zone of slope failure that may have promoted the development of the stromatolitic reefs.The sea-level history of the Victor Bay Formation is represented by three hectometre-scale sequences. An initial flooding event resulted in deposition of the lower Victor Bay shale member. Upper-member carbonate cycles were then deposited during highstand. Mid-ramp slumping was followed by late-highstand reef development. The second sequence began with development of an inner-ramp lowstand unconformity and a thick mid-ramp lowstand wedge. A second transgression promoted a more modest phase of reef development at the mid-ramp and shallow-water deposition continued inboard. A third and final transgressive episode eventually led to flooding of the backstepping ramp.Overall consistent cycle thickness and absence of truncated cycles, as well as the high rate and amount of creation of accommodation space, suggest that the periodicity and amplitude of sea-level fluctuation were relatively uniform, and point to a eustatic rather than tectonic mechanism of relative sea-level change. High-amplitude, high-frequency eustatic sea-level change is characteristic of icehouse worlds in which short-term, large-scale sea-level fluctuations accompany rapidly changing ice volumes affected by Milankovitch orbital forcing. Packaging of cyclic Upper Victor Bay carbonates therefore supports the hypothesis of a late Mesoproterozoic glacial period, as proposed by previous workers. 相似文献
19.
Beach erosion under rising sea‐level modulated by coastal geomorphology and sediment availability on carbonate reef‐fringed island coasts 
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下载免费PDF全文 Bradley M. Romine Charles H. Fletcher L. Neil Frazer Tiffany R. Anderson 《Sedimentology》2016,63(5):1321-1332
This study addresses gaps in understanding the relative roles of sea‐level change, coastal geomorphology and sediment availability in driving beach erosion at the scale of individual beaches. Patterns of historical shoreline change are examined for spatial relationships to geomorphology and for temporal relationships to late‐Holocene and modern sea‐level change. The study area shoreline on the north‐east coast of Oahu, Hawaii, is characterized by a series of kilometre‐long beaches with repeated headland‐embayed morphology fronted by a carbonate fringing reef. The beaches are the seaward edge of a carbonate sand‐rich coastal strand plain, a common morphological setting in tectonically stable tropical island coasts. Multiple lines of geological evidence indicate that the strand plain prograded atop a fringing reef platform during a period of late‐Holocene sea‐level fall. Analysis of historical shoreline changes indicates an overall trend of erosion (shoreline recession) along headland sections of beach and an overall trend of stable to accreting beaches along adjoining embayed sections. Eighty‐eight per cent of headland beaches eroded over the past century at an average rate of ?0·12 ± 0·03 m yr?1. In contrast, 56% of embayed beaches accreted at an average rate of 0·04 ± 0·03 m yr?1. Given over a century of global (and local) sea‐level rise, the data indicate that embayed beaches are showing remarkable resiliency. The pattern of headland beach erosion and stable to accreting embayments suggests a shift from accretion to erosion particular to the headland beaches with the initiation of modern sea‐level rise. These results emphasize the need to account for localized variations in beach erosion related to geomorphology and alongshore sediment transport in attempting to forecast future shoreline change under increasing sea‐level rise. 相似文献
20.
生物礁及碳酸盐台地是南海南部重要的油气储层之一,但目前对万安盆地生物礁的识别及碳酸盐台地沉积相带的划分尚不够深入.基于钻井和地震数据对该区的生物礁及碳酸盐台地进行了精细刻画,万安盆地中生物礁及碳酸盐台地的发育可分为4个演化阶段:早中新世时期,碳酸盐台地初始发育,台地规模小、数量少,零星分布于盆地中部;中中新世台地发育进入繁盛阶段,主要分布于北部隆起、中部隆起及隆起周缘的斜坡之上,横向上呈东、西带状展布,此时期的生物礁以台地边缘礁和块状礁为主;至晚中新世时期,碳酸盐台地开始衰退,而生物礁类型全、数量多,包括台地边缘礁、块状礁、塔礁、点礁等;上新世以来,生物礁及碳酸盐台地全面被淹没,盆地内部不再有生物礁及碳酸盐台地的发育.构造作用和相对海平面变化控制了碳酸盐台地的发育演化过程,古近纪基底断裂产生的地形控制了生物礁及碳酸盐台地初始发育位置及后期发育的空间分布,晚中新世以来的快速沉降和相对海平面变化控制了台地的衰退及淹没过程. 相似文献