首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 156 毫秒
1.
中国中新生界沉积盆地与油气成藏   总被引:4,自引:1,他引:4  
中国中新生代沉积盆地是在多种大陆动力学体制下形成和发展演化的,不同板块边界条件、岩石圈变形机制和地幔热状态等因素制约了中新生代沉积盆地不同的发展过程。古气候条件是控制中新生代沉积盆地有机质形成和分布的重要因素。多次潮湿与干旱气候的交替形成了多个有利生油岩系。有机质热演化程度使沉积盆地成烃过程复杂多样,成烃门限也存在很大差异。多旋回构造运动使中新生代沉积盆地具有多个含油气系统的横向迁移和垂向叠置以及多个关键时刻的鲜明特点。油气往往存在多次运移,盆地内的油气藏往往是后期改造、调整和破坏的结果。  相似文献   

2.
地幔柱构造对松辽盆地及渤海湾盆地形成的制约   总被引:16,自引:0,他引:16  
中国东部松辽盆地和渤海湾盆地形成与演化的深部动力学机制尚未得到很好的解释.通过对区域地震资料盆地沉积记录、火山岩岩石探针和大地构造演化历史的综合分析,认为地幔柱(柱头直径约500km)在晚侏罗世一晚白垩世时形成于松辽地区,经历了软流圈地幔上涌、地壳抬升与伸展、火山活动,导致松辽盆地的形成;由于华北板块向北移动,始新世时地幔柱(柱头直径600-800km)移动到京津一渤海湾地区,类似的地质过程形成了渤海湾盆地.渤海湾地幔柱的活动还可能是京津唐地区地震多发的根本原因。  相似文献   

3.
柴达木第三纪转换裂陷盆地形成演化及动力学   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6       下载免费PDF全文
运用沉积体系组合,构造地层分析和岩浆热流体标志综合分析的方法,探讨了柴达木第三纪转换换裂陷盆地形成演化及动力学过程,笔者认为:柴达木第三纪盆地是以扩展裂陷为主的单型盆地,可划分为扇三角洲沉积体系,水下洪积扇-近岸浊流沉积体系,辫状河三角洲沉积体系,常态湖三角洲体系和湖泊沉积体系在湖盆演化的不同阶段,形成冲积扇-扇三角洲-滨浅湖-砾质辫状河沉积,近岸水下重力流-中深湖-扇三角洲,扇三角洲-中浅湖-河流三种湖盆充填形式。依据古构造运动界面和相应整合界面,将第三纪盆地划分为三个构造层序。分别对应于台裂陷,伸展扩张裂陷和转换坳陷三个发展过程。柴达木第三纪转换争盆地形成演化主要受控于地幔热柱的形成和衰减作用,同时喜马拉雅运动等运程应力作用对盆地的演化至关重要。  相似文献   

4.
盆地形成及成矿与地幔流体间的成因联系   总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11  
杜乐天  欧光习 《地学前缘》2007,14(2):215-224
文中共讨论以下5个问题:(1)盆地起源于幔壳溃变和膨隆,后者是地幔流体(超临界态(>375℃)HACONS流体,简称幔汁)上涌、渗入、交代、富化、致熔的产物。地幔流体造成油气盆地深部的高热流、异常超高压、伊利水云母化、硅化和地层有机碳的加氢成油作用。(2)盆地成矿可分两大阶段,先是沉积时的同生成矿;地层沉积后还有众多的后生成矿。两者组成“盆地矿套”(杜乐天,2002)。成矿无论同生还是后生,其分布均受断裂控制,都和地幔流体活动有关。(3)黑色页岩的实质是碳-硅-泥三元岩系,和热液成矿中的碳酸盐-硅质-泥质蚀变三元完全相当。此类岩系中总是有几十种亲壳亲幔亲气元素的特殊富集。奇异的是,石油、油页岩、沥青及砂岩型铀矿彼此有完全类似的继承性元素特殊富集。此等元素群不可能都是来自盆地之外蚀源区岩体的风化。研究证明,相当多的元素是地幔流体携带上来的。(4)盆地地层中广泛发育由地幔流体衍生的热液作用。(5)盆地实质上是气盆,全盆地排气。许多气田是地幔流体排气形成的。沙漠(原地型)和天然气田的共生很值得注意,两者皆源于地球强烈排气,导致地下和大气增温,过度蒸发,不易降雨,长期干旱而形成沙漠。  相似文献   

5.
学术界普遍认为吐-哈盆地为板块碰撞作用所形成的压(扭)性盆地。本文研究发现,吐-哈盆地在沉积演化、构造变形、盆地结构、地球物理场及其所反映的壳幔结构等方面都与中国东部张性伸展盆地具有相似的特征;盆地自晚二叠世发育起,经历了两次(P2—J,K—R)持续稳定而漫长的伸(扩)展演化,其间在侏罗纪末期和第四纪早期,盆地伸展与沉积受到两次短暂挤压作用的遏制而中断,同时改造了盆地长期形成的伸展构造。盆地伸展是由于“地幔底辟”作用,而两次挤压作用(火焰山运动和西域运动)则是由于盆地伸展,使其南、北邻区遭受挤压变形而长期积累应力,以至于在短时间内发生断裂作用并释放应力而反作用于盆地的结果。从而本文提出吐-哈盆地为张性伸展盆地这一新的观点;结合有关模拟实验结果,同时提出“地幔底辟—盆地伸展—两侧挤压变形与应力积累—应力释放—伸展与沉积中断”的大陆板内地球动力学与运动学模式。  相似文献   

6.
华南新元古代裂谷盆地演化——Rodinia超大陆解体的前奏   总被引:26,自引:0,他引:26  
王剑  刘宝珺  潘桂棠 《矿物岩石》2001,21(3):135-145
沉积学研究表明,华南新元古代沉积盆地具典型裂谷盆地沉积演化特征。代表裂谷盆地早期形成阶段的成因相组合有:冲洪积相组合、陆相(或海相)火山岩及火山碎屑岩相组合、滨浅海相沉积组合、淹没碳酸盐台地及欠补偿盆地黑色页岩相组合;而代表中、后期形成阶段的成因相组合有:滨岸边缘相至深海相组合,冰期冰积岩相组合、碳酸盐岩及碳硅质细碎岩相组合。华南裂谷盆地岩相古地理演化经历了5个重要的时期,整体上反映了一个由陆变海、由地堑-地垒相间盆地变广海盆地、由浅海变深海、盆地上小变大的演化过程。裂谷盆地的形成经历了裂谷基的形成、地幔柱作用与裂谷体的形成,被动沉降(下坳)与裂谷盖的形成三个阶段。华南裂谷盆地的形成演化与Rodinia超大陆在新元古代时期的裂解作用密切相关,它是超大陆解体过程的一个重要组成部分。  相似文献   

7.
东海陆架盆地第三系沉积构造动力背景分析   总被引:7,自引:2,他引:5  
武法东  周平 《现代地质》1999,13(2):157-161
东海陆架盆地属大陆边缘裂陷盆地,具有构造活动多期、反转构造明显和盆地动力背景复杂的特点。太平洋板块向欧亚板块的俯冲、深部地幔柱的活动是陆架盆地形成的主要动力;印度板块向欧亚大陆楔入造成的远程影响是导致构造应力场反转、触发和促进盆地裂陷作用的重要动力来源;盆地晚期自东向西的挤压力是第三位的构造力。根据可容纳空间的概念,从控制层序构型的影响因素,即海平面变化、构造沉降、沉积补给等方面讨论了东海陆架盆地第三系沉积构造动力背景。  相似文献   

8.
陶明信 《沉积学报》1994,12(4):40-50
学术界普遍认为吐-哈盆地为板块碰撞作用所形成的压(扭)性盆地。本文研究发现,吐-哈盆地在沉积演化、构造变形、盆地结构、地球物理场及其所反映的壳幔结构等方面都与中国东部张性伸展盆地具有相似的特征;盆地自晚二叠世发育起,经历了两次(P-J,K-R)持续稳定而漫长的伸(扩)展演化,其间在侏罗纪末期和第四纪早期,盆地伸展与沉积受到两次短暂挤压作用的遏制而中断,同时改造了盆地长期形成的伸展构造。盆地伸展是由于“地幔底辟”作用,而两次挤压作用(火焰山运动和西域运动)则是由于盆地伸展,使其南、北邻区遭受挤压变形而长期积累应力,以至于在短时间内发生断裂作用并释放应力而反作用于盆地的结果。从而本文提出吐-哈盆地为张性伸展盆地这一新的观点;结合有关模拟实验结果,同时提出“地幔底辟-盆地伸展-两侧挤压变形与应力积累-应力释放-伸展与沉积中断”的大陆板内地球动力学与运动学模式。  相似文献   

9.
华南新元古代裂谷盆地演化   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
《矿物岩石》2001,21(3):135-145
沉积学研究表明,华南新元古代沉积盆地具典型裂谷盆地沉积演化特征.代表裂谷盆地早期形成阶段的成因相组合有冲洪积相组合、陆相(或海相)火山岩及火山碎屑岩相组合、滨浅海相沉积组合、淹没碳酸盐台地及欠补偿盆地黑色页岩相组合;而代表中、后期形成阶段的成因相组合有滨岸边缘相至深海相组合,冰期冰积岩相组合、碳酸盐岩及碳硅质细碎屑岩相组合.华南裂谷盆地岩相古地理演化经历了5个重要的时期,整体上反映了一个由陆变海、由地堑-地垒相间盆地变广海盆地、由浅海变深海、盆地由小变大的演化过程.裂谷盆地的形成经历了裂谷基的形成、地幔柱作用与裂谷体的形成、被动沉降(下拗)与裂谷盖的形成三个阶段.华南裂谷盆地的形成演化与Rodinia超大陆在新元古代时期的裂解作用密切相关,它是超大陆解体过程的一个重要组成部分.  相似文献   

10.
虽然由沉积盆地活化作用形成的金属矿床最终取决于沉积场所的物理和化学条件,然而矿化的格式、规模及时间的选择要受总体上与地壳环境演化有关的构造和岩浆事件的影响。在地热梯度高、火成活动广泛的太古宙期间,沉积作用对矿化没有起什么作用。元古宙初克拉通地块发育,紧接着沉积盆地中形成的矿床种类和规模增加,从此以后克拉通盖层的形成为金属沉积提供了重要场所。这些金属从各种源区进入盆地,一些是来自基底的风化剥蚀,另一些是被产生于地幔或下部地壳的岩浆和挥发份携带到地表的,说明矿化时间的选择与由全球构造特征所确定的主要岩浆和构造事件有关。  相似文献   

11.
地幔对流及其对地壳表层拉张盆地的影响   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
回顾近十年来在地幔对流方面的最新研究进展,阐述了板块俯冲后在地幔中的演化特征,以及地幔上升流即地幔柱的驱动机制和地质效应。特别介绍了地幔柱对地壳表层拉张盆地形成和充填过程的影响。进一步探讨了地幔柱活动在济阳坳陷的地质表现及其引发的火山岩浆活动、碎屑充填特征。认为盆地演化的阶段性间接反映了地幔对流的阶段性。  相似文献   

12.
盆地动力学与能源资源——世纪之交的回顾与展望   总被引:26,自引:4,他引:22  
沉积盆地是人类最重要的资源宝库。当今人类社会正面临环境、资源与灾害问题的严峻挑战 ,要获得对人类社会繁荣发展至关重要的能源资源就需要更深入地研究盆地。盆地动力学是当今沉积盆地理论研究领域的主要趋向。为了认识盆地的成因及演化过程中的一系列特征 ,不仅需要了解盆地与板块构造格架的关系 ,还需要了解其与深部地幔对流系统的关系。天然地震层析、岩浆岩石学地球化学和盆地模拟技术的综合应用提供了研究这一重要问题的手段。盆地中流体系统的研究对油气成藏和层控金属矿床成矿以及对地下水资源的利用和保护具有关键意义 ,以往研究薄弱的这一领域将成为多学科研究的聚焦点。盆地及其中的油气、煤和放射性矿产等能源资源研究和勘探事业的发展一直有赖于高技术手段、高精度的地球物理技术 ,如三维、四维和多波地震探测 ,以及计算机模拟技术。在新世纪之初将更精确地提供地下地质体和流体活动的影像。计算机模拟技术将成为研究地质与成藏过程的不可缺少的手段。应用新理论和新技术重新观察和审视沉积盆地的内部构成将带来资源勘查的更大发展  相似文献   

13.
Since plate tectonics has been linked to material flow in the Earth's mantle, it is commonly accepted that convective motion in the sublithospheric mantle results in vertical deflections and horizontal plate motion on the Earths surface. Those mantle flow-driven vertical deflections are recognized through significant signals and traces in the sedimentary records (unconformities and missing sections). Recently, Friedrich et al. (2018) introduced an event-based plume stratigraphic framework that uses such signals in the stratigraphic record to detect the geological evolution near, and on the Earth's surface in areas of interregional scale caused by mantle plume movement. Information about these dynamic processes is stored in geological archives, such as (1) stratigraphic records of sedimentary basins and (2) thermochronological data sets of igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary rocks.For the first time, this research combines these two geological archives and applies them to the Mesozoic SW Gondwana intraplate environment to retrieve the Paraná-Etendeka plume movement prior to the Paraná-Etendeka LIP. We compiled 18 stratigraphic records of the major continental and marine sedimentary basins and over 35 thermochronological data sets including >1300 apatite fission-track ages surrounding the Paraná-Etendeka Large Igneous Province to test the event-based plume stratigraphic framework and its plume stratigraphic mapping to retrieve the timing and spatial distribution of the Paraná-Etendeka plume.The plume stratigraphic mapping, using the stratigraphic records is suitable to demark a possible plume center, plume margins and distal regions (Friedrich et al., 2018). Thermochronological data reveal centers of a significant thermal Paraná-Etendeka plume influence. Both archives show significant signals and traces of mantle plume movement well in advance of the flood basalt eruptions. Our LTT data combined with stratigraphic records are modeled successfully with respect to a viable mantle plume driven thermal evolution and therefore, we suggest that thermochronological data, in combination with stratigraphy records have the potential to retrieve the Paraná-Etendeka plume movement.  相似文献   

14.
Sedimentary covers are up to 15–20 km thick in ultradeep sedimentary basins. Joint interpretation of seismic reflection sounding and gravimetric data indicates that eclogites are located in the basins under the Moho. In these rocks the velocities of P-waves are close to those in mantle peridotites. The basins show only moderate crustal stretching and their formation was caused primarily by the transformation of gabbroids into dense eclogites in the lower part of the continental crust. The transformation took place episodically as mantle fluids infiltrated the lower crust and it was ensured by pressure rise in the lower crust occurring with the accumulation of sediments. Moderate metamorphism developed in silicic upper crust as temperature and pressure increased under thick sedimentary covers. In iron-rich metasedimentary rocks, deep metamorphism resulted in the density increase, and P-wave velocities there increased to those characteristic of the oceanic crust.  相似文献   

15.
The lithosphere is subject to fluctuations in temperature and pressure during the formation of sedimentary basins. These fluctuations cause metamorphic reactions that change the density of the lithosphere, which, in turn, influences basin subsidence. This contribution develops a model for sedimentary basin formation to assess the importance of this coupling. The model shows that basin subsidence is significantly affected by metamorphic densification. Compared to results obtained with cruder density models, metamorphic densification accelerates subsidence in the initial post-rifting stages as garnet becomes stable over an increasing depth interval within the mantle, an effect that amplifies the crust–mantle density contrast. For models with an extraordinarily cold lithosphere, uplift is generated as a late stage of basin evolution. In general, subsidence is not smooth but occurs instead in small steps reflecting periods of accelerated/decelerated subsidence. For typical crustal thicknesses, subsidence is controlled largely by reactions in the mantle, and particularly those determining garnet stability.  相似文献   

16.
能源盆地沉积学及其前沿科学问题   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
赋存油、气、煤和(或)铀能源矿产的沉积盆地,称为能源盆地。沉积作用及建造是影响油气煤铀同盆共存、成藏及分布的重要因素和物质基础。能源等沉积矿产及其形成,是沉积学的重要组成部分。通过讨论能源盆地沉积建造与油气煤铀赋存成藏及分布的内在联系,提出成煤建造在盆地演化和空间分布上,总体处于成油气建造和成铀建造的过渡、衔接部位和承前启后的演化阶段。并探讨了厚煤层的初始成煤物质来源与成因,蚀源区物源对盆地沉积建造、油气储层和铀成矿的重要影响。分析认为当前存在重先进技术观测测试,轻露头区精细剖析的倾向;对后期改造的影响程度和原盆古沉积面貌恢复的水平尚需重视和提高。能源盆地沉积学内涵的自然外延领域广阔,与之相关的前沿科学问题颇多。应将沉积学置于盆地形成演化和改造的时空过程中,兼顾地球环境和生物演变进程,进行整体、动态、综合研究。重点讨论了其中部分相关前沿科学问题,如:沉积盆地动力学、地球环境及生命演变对沉积和成矿作用的影响、有机与无机相互作用对能源矿产形成的影响、事件沉积学及深部作用与成矿作用的关联、能源矿产空间分区性及偏富极形成的沉积学环境、沉积建造和沉积矿产年代学等。  相似文献   

17.
The Kenorland supercontinent was created as a result of the ascent of the most powerful mantle plumes in the Earth’s geological history and accompanied by the formation of the continental crust and its subsequent accretion into a supercontinent 2.7 Ga ago. The geological phenomena that occurred at that time in Australia, Canada, and South Africa reflecting its features are considered in this paper. The first sedimentary basins resting upon the sialic basement give evidence for long-existing peneplanes formed in the Early Precambrian, i.e., for stabilization of the underlying cratons; this is also supported by the appearance of rapakivi granite 2.8 Ga ago. The platform regime existed as early as the Mesoarchean 3.5 Ga ago. The platform sedimentary basins developed almost continuously over a billion years. Layered mafic intrusions were frequently emplaced into sedimentary sequences. Unique gold, uranium, PGE, chrome, and other deposits are hosted in sedimentary basins and layered intrusions. The extremely high intensity of plume activity determined the origin and breakdown of the Kenorland supercontinent and the cause of transport of ore elements concentrated in unique deposits. In terms of the intensity of plume-related magmatism and ore formation, the considered period of geological history has no more recent analogues and was critical for the Earth’s evolution.  相似文献   

18.
太平洋板块、印度板块和欧亚板块的演化对中国近海沉积盆地的沉降及充填具有控制作用。根据地幔对流及地壳拉伸特征可将中国近海沉积盆地沉降类型划分为被动、主动和组合热沉降型3种。不同沉降类型分别具有不同的盆地结构,其中被动热沉降型以断陷为主,主动热沉降型以坳陷为主,组合热沉降型则是两种盆地结构的叠加或侧加。中国近海北部板内沉积盆地沉降类型以被动热沉降为主,远离海洋,受海侵影响较小,以陆相沉积体系为主;中部板缘沉积盆地沉降类型为被动侧加主动热沉降,水体整体较浅,坡折及三角洲发育规模小;南部板缘沉积盆地沉降类型也为被动侧加主动热沉降,水体整体较深,坡折及三角洲发育规模大。  相似文献   

19.
Yoshiki Yamada  Masao Nakada   《Tectonophysics》2006,415(1-4):103-121
The stratigraphic architecture of sedimentary basin provides important constraints on the rheological structure of the upper mantle and the crust, eustatic events and tectonic movements. In this study, we examined the convective coupling between the uppermost mantle and ductile lower crust as a formation mechanism of sedimentary basins. In this mechanism, the lower crust is squeezed by the upper mantle flow associated with mantle diapiric upwelling, resulting in the surface subsidence and formation of sedimentary basin. We investigated the stratigraphic architecture by taking into account the horizontal migration of the upwelling in time and spatial domains. The sedimentary basin is characterized by both the thickness and formation period for its gross feature and the sequence stratigraphy. The decay of the upwelling causes the surface uplift, and some parts of sediments deposited during the surface subsidence are consequently eroded. The subsidence area moves as the activity of upwelling horizontally migrates, resulting in the formation of unconformity for the uplifted and eroded area over the previous upwelling. We also incorporated the effects of third order eustasy, with amplitude of 100 m and period of 1 Myr, into convective coupling model. An application of our model to Karatsu-Sasebo coalfield in the Tertiary of the northwest Kyushu, Japan, indicates that the stratigraphic architecture of sedimentary basin including two effects, i.e. convective coupling and eustasy, may provide important information about the viscosity structure of the lower crust and uppermost mantle and spatio-temporal growth and decay histories of the mantle diapiric upwelling.  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号