共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 779 毫秒
1.
2.
铂族元素在地壳、岩石和沉积物中的分布 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
随着20世纪90年代铂族元素分析测试技术的突破性进展以及大量可靠的岩石和沉积物铂族元素含量分析数据的积累,引用20世纪80年代前发表的有关铂族元素的地壳丰度和岩石、沉积物中的平均含量作为衡量标准已不适宜。根据近15年来获得的大量的有关铂族元素含量的可靠数据,综合给出了铂族元素在地壳、岩石、土壤和沉积物中的丰度。这种对地壳、岩石和沉积物中铂族元素丰度值的新认识,对理论地球化学、勘查地球化学甚至铂族元素矿产勘查工作都具有重要的意义。 相似文献
3.
吉林省油页岩中铂族元素的化学牲及分配规律研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
采用电感耦合等离子体发射质谱仪(ICP-MS)测定了吉林省油页岩中铂族元素的含量,并对油页岩中铂族元素的化学特征、与无机组分的相关性及其分布模式等进行了分析和阐述.通过油页岩中铂族元素的含量与地壳和中国东部出露地壳中铂族元素丰度的比较表明,Rh、Ru、Ir等元素相对富集,其中松原油页岩中Rh、Ir的含量约为地壳平均值的10倍.研究区油页岩中铂族元素以Pt-Pd分配模式为典型特征,一般Pt的丰度大于Pd.油页岩中铂族元素与无机组成相关分析的结果表明,油页岩中铂族元素可能呈吸附态存在于高岭石、伊利石等粘土矿物中. 相似文献
4.
吉林省油页岩中铂族元素的化学特征及分配规律研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
WANG Wen-ying SU Ke GAO Gui-mei GAN Shu-cai LIU Zhao-jun.College of Chemistry Jilin University Changchun China 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2006,(6)
采用电感耦合等离子体发射质谱仪(ICP MS)测定了吉林省油页岩中铂族元素的含量,并对油页岩中铂族元素的化学特征、与无机组分的相关性及其分布模式等进行了分析和阐述。通过油页岩中铂族元素的含量与地壳和中国东部出露地壳中铂族元素丰度的比较表明,Rh、RuI、r等元素相对富集,其中松原油页岩中RhI、r的含量约为地壳平均值的10倍。研究区油页岩中铂族元素以Pt Pd分配模式为典型特征,一般Pt的丰度大于Pd。油页岩中铂族元素与无机组成相关分析的结果表明,油页岩中铂族元素可能呈吸附态存在于高岭石、伊利石等粘土矿物中。 相似文献
5.
《矿物学报》2017,(4)
北大巴山城口地区广泛发育富集V、Ag、Se等多种元素的下寒武统黑色岩系,但是否存在铂族元素矿化以及来源一直存在争议。本文利用ICP-MS方法测定了城口地区孙家坝剖面下寒武统鲁家坪组(对应牛蹄塘组)黑色岩系多金属富集层的铂族元素(PGE)、Au和Ag含量,在判断铂族元素异常的基础上,利用铂族元素地球化学特征探讨其来源。结果表明,该剖面黑色岩系样品具有较高的PGE含量(32.2~142.5 ng/g),平均88.9 ng/g,与上地壳平均值对比具有明显的PGE富集特征;同时金、银也具有较高的含量,平均值分别为40.2 ng/g和31.7μg/g。铂族元素配分模式表现为相对富集Pd、Pt、Os、Ru,亏损Ir、Rh,依据Ir含量以及与球粒陨石的对比分析,认为鲁家坪组黑色岩系PGE不具备地外物质来源。铂族元素球粒陨石标准化配分模式、PGE含量顺序及铂族元素相关图解显示其来源可能与海底热水作用关系密切。有机碳和PGE含量之间没有明显相关性,表明有机质可能是通过改变氧化还原条件导致PGE进一步富集。城口地区埃迪卡拉纪-寒武纪过渡阶段海底热水作用和PGE异常的识别不仅对于理解黑色岩系型矿床的成因,而且对全球重大事件如寒武纪生命大爆发的认识都具有重要意义。 相似文献
6.
7.
峨眉山玄武岩分布区内铂族元素异常分析及其找矿远景预测 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
区域地球化学填图成果表明，在中国西南川-滇-黔交界地区存在一个与产出规模巨大的峨眉山玄武岩分布范围相吻合的Pt，Pd地球化学巨省。作为地幔热柱成因的峨眉山玄武岩的铂族元素丰度虽略有偏高，但玄武岩中铂族元素很难形成可以利用的铂族矿物，故该异常是“非找矿异常”。在该区内寻找铂族元素矿床应在基性岩-超基性岩体出露较多的中岩区南段，注意沿循已知的矿床、矿化或较小型基性岩侵入体，将矿区(或岩体)的整体地质特征、地球化学特征等与典型的岩浆型铂族元素矿床相比较，进而研究、预测本矿区或本岩体的铂族元素成矿的可能性及远景规模等，寻找岩浆型铂族元素矿床，而在岩浆型矿床的周边地质体内注意寻找热液型铂族元素矿床。 相似文献
8.
浙江长兴二叠系/三叠系界线剖面的元素地球化学特征 总被引：12，自引：2，他引：12
用放射化学和仪器中子活化分析,研究了浙江长兴二叠系/三叠系(P/T)界线剖面中29种元素的丰度分布。结果表明,界线粘土层的铱、锇、铂、金和铼,以及一些亲铁和亲硫元素都有程度不同的富集。在考虑了各种可能存在的地内因素后,类似于白垩纪末的地外物质撞击的可能性变得颇有吸引力。然而,Ir/Os和Ir/Au等元素丰度比值与太阳丰度比不符,有可能是二亿三千万年以来这些元素在风化过程中不同的地球化学行为所致。元素丰度的一些特征还有待深入研究。对长兴P/T界线的划分也作了适当讨论。 相似文献
9.
广西黄茆泥盆系—石炭系界线层的元素地球化学异常 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：5
本文记述了用放射化学和仪器中子活化分析,测定了广西黄茆泥盆系—石炭系剖面,包括铱在内的近40种元素丰度的结果。发现泥盆系—石炭系界线层存在铱的异常。其峰值为156ppt,相对于下伏地层的富集因子为12。与铱同步富集的还有金、镍、钴、砷、锑等亲铁和亲硫元素。讨论了造成铱等元素丰度异常的原因。无论是地外成因,还是火山成因都无法完满解释。真正的异常机制还有待深入研究。 相似文献
10.
通过野外地质调查资料、X衍射、主量及铂族元素测试分析,研究川南马边地区五峰-龙马溪组页岩的矿物学、主量元素地球化学特征和铂族元素组成特征。川南马边长河碥五峰-龙马溪组页岩有机碳TOC平均含量为2.47%;矿物成分主要由石英和黏土矿物两大类构成,石英平均含量37.95%,黏土矿物平均含量为40.2%;页岩SiO2平均含量为52.90%,Al2O3平均含量为11.47%;铂族元素总量在1.5～11.9 ng/g之间,平均值为5.16 ng/g。川南马边地区五峰-龙马溪组页岩铂族元素均以Pt与Pd含量高为特征,其中Pd平均含量为3.15 ng/g,Pt平均含量为1.48 ng/g。铂族元素碳质球粒陨石配分模式为Pt-Pd型,Pd含量约为Pt含量的2.12倍。剖面中富有机质页岩比贫有机质页岩更加富集铂族元素,铂族元素的富集可能与生物活动有关;黏土矿物含量与铂族元素含量呈负相关关系,铂族元素并未呈吸附态吸附在颗粒表面,黏土矿物的增加反而稀释了铂族元素含量。川南马边长河碥五峰-龙马溪组铂族元素并非来源于地外物质,可能来自地幔,且发生了明显分异,其富集程度在正常海洋沉积物范围内。 相似文献
11.
There is a long-standing controversy of what triggered the extinction at the Permian-Triassic boundary, the most severe mass extinction in the geologic record, including flood basaltic volcanism and/or bolide impact hypothesis. In order to clarify various pieces of evidence for the mass extinction event at the Permian-Triassic boundary, some researchers from some laboratories throughout the world have made a comprehensive study on a group of samples from the Meishan area of China. Some fresh core samples from the Permian-Triassic boundary in the Meishan area were analyzed in this study. The results showed that there is no Ir anomaly, Moreover, the PGEs patterns of those samples show obvious differentiation characteristics, that is different from the case encountered in meteorites. So no evidence supports the hypothesis of extraterrestrial impact. In contrast, the PGEs patterns are similar to those of Siberian and Emeishan basalts, which indicates that those PGEs are derived mainly from the basalts, lending a support to the correlation between mass extinction at the Permian-Triassic boundary and flood basaltic volcanism. This study has also confirmed the results for samples from section C prior to the analysis of the samples. 相似文献
12.
中国南方二叠-三叠系界线及其附近粘土层稀土元素地球化学研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
本文对广泛发育于中国南方,连续的二叠-三叠系海相界线及其附近粘土层(蒙脱石—伊利石粘土岩)进行了稀土元素地豫化学的研究。查明了REE分布特征;REE沿粘土层垂向上的变化,比较了界线粘土与非界线粘土在REE分布上的差异。讨论了界线粘土的成因,根据稀土模式所作的综合分析,提出了由中酸性山火山岩和代表冲击溅射产物的上部地壳物质组合的混合新模式。 相似文献
13.
《International Geology Review》2012,54(8):759-767
A Cretaceous/Tertiary (K/T) boundary location within the Tethyan region (present Mediterranean area) has been discovered in the Hekimhan basin, Malatya, Turkey. The K/T transition in a 1.65-m-thick marine evaporitic facies (gypsum and celestite) consists of laminated carbonate rocks (limestone, dolomitic limestone, dolomite) and marl in the upper part, and laminated limestone and marl in the lower part. The K/T boundary is marked by a 6-mm-thick clay layer that is entirely greenish pink in color. The stratum is characterized by a decrease in calcite content, and by an increase in the proportion of smectites and K-feldspar. Palygorskite and rarely serpentine are associated with smectite. A minimum in CaO + MgO content exists at the K/T boundary. The amounts of some transition metals, miscellaneous, low- and high-field-strength, platinum-group, and rare-earth elements reveal a substantial anomaly at the K/T boundary that supports both terrestrial (volcanic) and extraterrestrial (bolide) hypotheses. 相似文献
14.
Oxygen and carbon stable isotopes and 25 elements were determined in the undisturbed K/T boundary profile of a flysch succession in the Soča Valley, Slovenia. The elemental enrichment and stable isotope anomalies are not confined strictly to the biostratigraphically defined K/T boundary. The relatively weak metal enrichment, which is probably due to the high sedimentation rate at the time of deposition of the K/T transition sequence, was found in a clayey layer and in the boundary clayey mar] 15 cm and 5 cm above the boundary, while the negative shift in δ18 O and δ13 C of carbonates was restricted to the basal part of the boundary clayey marl, approximately 5 cm below the boundary. It is postulated that elemental and isotopic anomalies are probably related to the supposed, so far poorly investigated impact of an extraterrestrial body in the Gorski Kotar area of Croatia. 相似文献
15.
K/T boundary geochemical anomalies have been used previously to support the impact event at the end of the Cretaceous. However, impact models and assessment of the extraterrestrial contribution to the boundary sediments should also consider the diagenetic alteration of the impact signatures. Mineralogical and geochemical studies centring on redox proxies reveal differences in trace-element concentrations at Agost and Caravaca (SE Spain), two of the most complete K/T boundary sections. These differences probably derive from variations in the diagenetic evolution of the ejecta layer. Several redox proxies, such as extensive pyrite formation, high authigenic uranium concentration and positive Eu anomalies, indicate very strong reducing conditions at Agost. Positive Eu anomalies are extremely unusual in sediments, and in this case are interpreted to indicate a highly reducing environment. In such conditions, certain trace elements such as Ir, may have been remobilized, thereby masking the original signature of the impact. 相似文献
16.
Gilberto A. Albertão Eduardo A.M. Koutsoukos Marília P.S. Regali Moses Attrep Jr Paulo P. Martins Jr 《地学学报》1994,6(4):366-375
A preliminary integrated study of a Cretaceous-Tertiary (K/T) boundary section in Pernambuco, northeastern Brazil, provides evidence for an extraterrestrial bolide impact in the earliest Danian. A non-graded, nodular carbonate mudstone/wackestone bed is interpreted as a slump or a mud Flow deposit, induced by a tsunami event or by a gravity mass movement during a sea-level lowstand, the former possibly generated by the K/T boundary Yucatán impact. This bed overlies marlstones deposited in an upper bathyal environment and marks the top of the Cretaceous. Nearly all known latest Maastrichtian planktonic foraminifera are recovered from the Cretaceous strata. Iridium shows a marked peak in a thin hemipelagic claystone layer, about 75 cm above the K/T boundary, deposited in a middle to deep neritic environment. The claystone overlies alternating beds of finegrained limestones and marlstones and a 50 cm-thick graded bioclastic packstone, which rests upon a marly limestone breccia of the lowermost Danian. Abundant reworked Cretaceous and rare lowermost Danian microfossils (e.g. E. edita, E. eobulloides, E. fringa, G. irregularis, P. eugubina, P. cf. pseudobulloides, W. claytonensis and W. hornerstownensis ) have been recovered from these strata. These lowermost Danian beds record the sudden appearance of abundant shock-metamorphosed quartz grains, with several sets of intersecting deformation lamellae and microtektite-like microspherules. This suggests that these deposits were formed by an additional tsunami caused by a second impact event in the earliest Danian, near or at the boundary between the Palaeocene P α and P 1a foraminiferal zones. Impact-derived material has not been found in the uppermost Cretaceous beds. 相似文献
17.
Geologic marks related to extraterrestrial impact events, such as impact split gravels, impact brecciate layers, impact dikes, microirghizites, microtektites, especially meteoritic residues, were discovered on the boundary between Sinian/Cambrian at Tianmenshan of Western Hunan, which may possibly demonstrate that an extraterrestrial impact event has ever occurred there on the S/C boundary. 相似文献
18.
天然富勒烯的地质产状与成因 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
天然富勒烯研究是富勒烯科学和地质科学相交叉的一个新兴研究领域,迄今为止已在桑加岩、闪电熔岩、陨石撞击坑中的含碳质角砾岩、古近系/白垩系地层界线(E/K)的含碳粘土岩、三叠系/二叠系(T/P)界线岩石(粘土岩、硅质岩)、恐龙蛋壳、煤、重质油、固体沥青以及半天然的烟灰、木炭、书墨等物质中检测到富勒烯的存在,但含量很低。多数天然富勒烯的地质分布、成因机制与陨石撞击、野火、闪电等有关,但部分天然富勒烯的成因尚不清楚。天然富勒烯研究扩展了人们对自然界碳结构及其演化的认识,在地质事件、事件地层如陨石撞击事件、E/K界线、T/P界线等的研究中充分显示了其独特的方法和应用价值。 相似文献
19.
G. Keller 《Australian Journal of Earth Sciences》2013,60(4-5):725-757
Large impacts are credited with the most devastating mass extinctions in Earth's history and the Cretaceous?–?Tertiary (K/T) boundary impact is the strongest and sole direct support for this view. A review of the five largest Phanerozoic mass extinctions provides no support that impacts with craters up to 180 km in diameter caused significant species extinctions. This includes the 170 km-diameter Chicxulub impact crater regarded as 0.3 million years older than the K/T mass extinction. A second, larger impact event may have been the ultimate cause of this mass extinction, as suggested by a global iridium anomaly at the K/T boundary, but no crater has been found to date. The current crater database suggests that multiple impacts, for example comet showers, were the norm, rather than the exception, during the Late Eocene, K/T transition, latest Triassic and the Devonian?–?Carboniferous transition, but did not cause significant species extinctions. Whether multiple impacts substantially contributed to greenhouse warming and associated environmental stresses is yet to be demonstrated. From the current database, it must be concluded that no known Phanerozoic impacts, including the Chicxulub impact (but excluding the K/T impact) caused mass extinctions or even significant species extinctions. The K/T mass extinction may have been caused by the coincidence of a very large impact (>?250 km) upon a highly stressed biotic environment as a result of volcanism. The consistent association of large magmatic provinces (large igneous provinces and continental flood-basalt provinces) with all but one (end-Ordovician) of the five major Phanerozoic mass extinctions suggests that volcanism played a major role. Faunal and geochemical evidence from the end-Permian, end-Devonian, end-Cretaceous and Triassic/Jurassic transition suggests that the biotic stress was due to a lethal combination of tectonically induced hydrothermal and volcanic processes, leading to eutrophication in the oceans, global warming, sea-level transgression and ocean anoxia. It must be concluded that major magmatic events and their long-term environmental consequences are major contributors, though not the sole causes of mass extinctions. Sudden mass extinctions, such as at the K/T boundary, may require the coincidence of major volcanism and a very large Impact. 相似文献
20.
The investigation of eight Cretaceous-Tertiary (K/T) sections in Mexico, based on major and trace element, platinum group element (PGE), stable isotope, and multivariate statistical analysis, reveals a complex depositional history across the Chicxulub and K/T boundary events. At the biostratigraphically determined K/T boundary, a minor but significant Ir-dominated PGE anomaly (0.2-0.8 ng/g) is present in most sections. This Ir anomaly originated from an impact event and is always stratigraphically and geochemically decoupled from the underlying spherule-rich ejecta deposit related to the Chicxulub event. In all sections examined, one to three glass spherule ejecta layers and one or two chondrite-dominated PGE anomalies are separated by a bioturbated siliciclastic deposit and/or hemipelagic marl, which indicates the occurrence of at least two impact events separated by a considerable amount of time. In addition, bentonite layers and Pt and Pd-dominated PGE anomalies below and above the K/T boundary indicate volcanic activity. Above the K/T boundary, reduced bioproductivity is documented by a decrease in the biogenically bound fraction of nutrients and fluctuating ratios of immobile elements (e.g., Ti/Zr). Variations in detrital elements reflect changes in the depositional environment. Carbon and oxygen isotope and trace element distribution patterns indicate a gradually changing climate during the latest Maastrichtian, an abrupt change at the K/T boundary, and a slight recovery during the lowermost Paleocene. 相似文献