共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 156 毫秒
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假设横向各向同性(TI)介质的对称轴是垂直的(VTI)或者水平的(HTI)能给实际资料处理带来便利,然而实际TI介质的对称轴往往是倾斜的(TTI),忽略对称轴倾角可能给各向异性参数提取和成像带来偏差,因此需要研究是否能、以及什么条件下能忽略TTI介质对称轴倾角.本文通过理论研究和数值分析研究了与TTI介质弹性性质最接近的VTI介质(OAVTI)的弹性常数和各向异性参数与原TTI介质的弹性常数和各向异性参数之间的联系与差别.结果表明:OAVTI介质各向异性参数与原TTI介质各向异性参数之间的差别可统一表示成F(α0/β0,ε,δ,γ)ξ2的形式,其中F(α0/β0,ε,δ,γ)是无量纲各向异性参数(ε, δ, γ)的线性函数,ξ是对称轴倾角;ξ的大小对各参数的误差起主导作用,一般不建议忽略20°~25°以上的对称轴倾角;当ξ较小时,即使是对强各向异性的TTI介质作VTI近似,引起的P波各向异性参数误差也很小,因此在纵波资料处理中忽略TTI介质对称轴倾角通常是可行的;即使在小ξ条件下,倾斜对称轴对SV波也有显著影响,因此在转换波资料处理中,不建议忽略TTI介质的对称轴倾角.本文的研究为分析忽略TTI介质对称轴倾角的可行性提供了理论依据和简便的判据. 相似文献
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含裂隙双相各向异性介质中的地震波传播 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
基于各向异性介质和含裂隙双相介质中的地震波传播理论,导出了具有四阶对称轴的含裂隙双相各向异性介质的本构关系与波传播的运动方程．指出在含裂隙双相各向异性介质中可能传播６种类型的准纵横波,即快纵波ＱＰ１,慢纵波ＱＰ２,两个分裂的快横波ＱＳＶ１,ＱＳＨ１和两个分裂的慢横波ＱＳＶ２,ＱＳＨ２．并以平面波传播为例作了进一步分析 相似文献
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使用国际地球物理年（ＩＧＹ）和国际地球物理合作年（ＩＧＣ）期间全球地磁台网的资料和中国台站的同期地磁记录，对地磁场太阳日变化Ｓｑ的经度效应和ＵＴ变化进行了分析研究．将适用于瞬时全球磁场的球谐分析法与适用于平均场的双调和分析法相结合，提出了一种分析Ｓｑ磁场的新方案，得到了（θ，Ｔ，ｔ）坐标系中组成Ｓｑ场的三个部分，即仅随地方时ＬＴ变化的部分ＳＬＴ，仅随世界时ＵＴ变化的部分ＳＵＴ以及既随ＬＴ变化又随ＵＴ变化的部分ＳＬＵＴ．从全球来看，在ＩＧＹ／ＩＧＣ期间，这三部分的强度之比分别为：Ｘ分量１．０：０．２：０．３，ｙ分量１．０：０．１：０．６，Ｚ分量１．０：０．４：１．０．Ｓｑ的经度效应和ＵＴ变化虽然表现了同一物理过程，但它们有不同的表达形式，其决定因素是地磁轴对地理轴的倾斜，地磁场的非偶极子成分（即区域性异常）和地球内部电性的横向不均匀性（包括海陆分布、地壳上地幔电导率的区域差异） 相似文献
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对于地震波主要特性随深度变化的准层状介质，可根据两个地震波场的位移和作用力的某种组合建立传播不变量计算公式。这样的不变量与深度无关，对于相同的场则趋于零。它是空间和波数域中为各向异性和横和变化介质而建立的一种计算方法。这些传播不变量可大大简化横向变化介质中反射和透射过程的综合分析，其中包括了波数间耦合作用的计算。本文通过分析ＳＨ波在自由表面下的非规则界面上的入射过程，阐明了这种方法的实现过程。其结 相似文献
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经过半个多世纪的发展,国内外利用大地电磁法研究地球内部电性结构取得了令人瞩目的成就,这些研究成果多数是基于电性各向同性理论.然而地球内部普遍存在电性各向异性现象,地壳和上地幔中存在的电性各向异性是地电模型、地下结构和构造模型间一个重要的联系因素.本文首先由麦克斯韦方程出发,引入张量电导率,根据二维电性各向异性结构的特点,得到一组关于平行走向的电场分量Ex和磁场分量Hx的偏微分方程.使用有限差分法求解偏微分方程,求出Ex和Hx的近似解,并以此求得其它场分量;随后,通过对普通及特殊的二维电性各向异性结构做正演模拟,研究其对观测大地电磁场的影响,从而认识在普通及某种特定地质条件下的电磁传播特性,为其后对大地电磁实测资料的处理解释奠定理论基础;最后,以本文的研究成果为基础,将电性各向异性理论引入对实测大地电磁资料的处理解释中,通过对新疆某地的大地电磁资料做二维正演拟合解释,说明了电性各向异性现象的普遍存在,也验证了理论的正确性及算法的实用性,为今后分析解释大地电磁资料中的电性各向异性现象提供理论依据和技术指导,并开拓了对大地电磁实测资料处理的思路和方法. 相似文献
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地球介质相对于地震波波长尺度的定向非均匀性会导致波速的各向异性,进而影响地震波场的运动学与动力学特征．各向异性弹性波动方程是描述该类介质波场传播的基本工具,在正演模拟、偏移成像与参数反演中起着关键作用．为了面向实际应用构建灵活、简便的各向异性波场传播算子,人们一直在寻求简化的各向异性波动方程．本文借鉴各向异性弹性波波型分离思想,通过对平面波形式的弹性波方程(即Christoffel方程)实施一种代表向波矢量方向投影的相似变换,推导出了一种适应任意各向异性介质、运动学上与原始弹性波方程完全等价,在动力学上突出qP波的新方程,即qP波伪纯模式波动方程．文中以横向各向同性(TI)介质为例,给出了相应的qP波伪纯模式波动方程及其声学与各向同性近似,并在此基础上开展了正演模拟和逆时偏移试验,展示了这种描述各向异性波场传播的新方程的特点与优势． 相似文献
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Pure acoustic wave propagation in transversely isotropic media by the pseudospectral method 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
Seismic wave propagation in transversely isotropic (TI) media is commonly described by a set of coupled partial differential equations, derived from the acoustic approximation. These equations produce pure P‐wave responses in elliptically anisotropic media but generate undesired shear‐wave components for more general TI anisotropy. Furthermore, these equations suffer from instabilities when the anisotropy parameter ε is less than δ. One solution to both problems is to use pure acoustic anisotropic wave equations, which can produce pure P‐waves without any shear‐wave contaminations in both elliptical and anelliptical TI media. In this paper, we propose a new pure acoustic transversely isotropic wave equation, which can be conveniently solved using the pseudospectral method. Like most other pure acoustic anisotropic wave equations, our equation involves complicated pseudo‐differential operators in space which are difficult to handle using the finite difference method. The advantage of our equation is that all of its model parameters are separable from the spatial differential and pseudo‐differential operators; therefore, the pseudospectral method can be directly applied. We use phase velocity analysis to show that our equation, expressed in a summation form, can be properly truncated to achieve the desired accuracy according to anisotropy strength. This flexibility allows us to save computational time by choosing the right number of summation terms for a given model. We use numerical examples to demonstrate that this new pure acoustic wave equation can produce highly accurate results, completely free from shear‐wave artefacts. This equation can be straightforwardly generalized to tilted TI media. 相似文献
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地下岩石的速度各向异性影响地震波的传播与成像.横向各向同性(TI)介质为最普遍的等效各向异性模型.引入TI介质拟声波方程可以避免复杂的弹性波方程求解以及各向异性介质波场分离,以满足对纵波成像的实际需要.本文从垂直横向各向同性(VTI)介质弹性波方程出发,推导出正应力表达的拟声波方程以及相应的纵波分量的表达式,进而分析从频散关系得到的拟声波方程的物理意义,而后将拟声波方程扩展到更一般的倾斜横向各向同性(TTI)介质中.波前快照与群速度平面的对比验证了拟声波方程可以很好地近似描述qP波的运动学特征.在此基础上,将拟声波方程应用在逆时偏移中并与其特例声波近似方程进行对比,讨论了计算效率、稳定性等实际问题.数值试验表明VTI介质情况下采用声波近似方程可以提高计算效率,而TTI介质qP-qSV波方程则在效率相当的情况下可以保证稳定性.SEG/HESS模型和逆冲模型逆时偏移试验验证了本文TI介质拟声波方程的实用性. 相似文献
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煤层中存在的裂隙会导致介质表现为各向异性,本文以HTI型煤层为例,结合各向异性介质弹性矩阵和各向异性裂隙理论,推导出不同充填物的垂直裂隙中各向异性参数表达式,将其应用于地震波响应分析;通过改进的交错网格差分法和各向异性Christoffel方程波场分解法,得到地震波合成记录和分解后的P波和SV波记录;将Thomsen群速度与相速度公式,经过坐标轴旋转变换,得到HTI型煤层中不同各向异性参数的地震波速度响应表达式;建立不同类型煤层地质模型,分析了裂隙密度、裂隙充填物以及煤层厚度等参数变化时的地震波响应特征.研究结果为分析垂向裂隙各向异性薄煤层地震波传播规律提供工具,为选用相应地震数据进行地震波各向异性参数反演提供依据. 相似文献
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When treating the forward full waveform case, a fast and accurate algorithm for modelling seismic wave propagation in anisotropic inhomogeneous media is of considerable value in current exploration seismology. Synthetic seismograms were computed for P-SV wave propagation in transversely isotropic media. Among the various techniques available for seismic modelling, the finite-difference method possesses both the power and flexibility to model wave propagation accurately in anisotropic inhomogeneous media bounded by irregular interfaces. We have developed a fast high-order vectorized finite-difference algorithm adapted for the vector supercomputer. The algorithm is based on the fourth-order accurate MacCormack-type splitting scheme. Solving the equivalent first-order hyperbolic system of equations, instead of the second-order wave equation, avoids computation of the spatial derivatives of the medium's anisotropic elastic parameters. Examples indicate that anisotropy plays an important role in modelling the kinematic and the dynamic properties of the wave propagation and should be taken into account when necessary. 相似文献
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The strong coupling of applied stress and pore fluid pressure, known as poroelasticity, is relevant to a number of applied problems arising in hydrogeology and reservoir engineering. The standard theory of poroelastic behavior in a homogeneous, isotropic, elastic porous medium saturated by a viscous, compressible fluid is due to Biot, who derived a pair of coupled partial differential equations that accurately predict the existence of two independent dilatational (compressional) wave motions, corresponding to in-phase and out-of-phase displacements of the solid and fluid phases, respectively. The Biot equations can be decoupled exactly after Fourier transformation to the frequency domain, but the resulting pair of Helmholtz equations cannot be converted to partial differential equations in the time domain and, therefore, closed-form analytical solutions of these equations in space and time variables cannot be obtained. In this paper we show that the decoupled Helmholtz equations can in fact be transformed to two independent partial differential equations in the time domain if the wave excitation frequency is very small as compared to a critical frequency equal to the kinematic viscosity of the pore fluid divided by the permeability of the porous medium. The partial differential equations found are a propagating wave equation and a dissipative wave equation, for which closed-form solutions are known under a variety of initial and boundary conditions. Numerical calculations indicate that the magnitude of the critical frequency for representative sedimentary materials containing either water or a nonaqueous phase liquid is in the kHz–MHz range, which is generally above the seismic band of frequencies. Therefore, the two partial differential equations obtained should be accurate for modeling elastic wave phenomena in fluid-saturated porous media under typical low-frequency conditions applicable to hydrogeological problems. 相似文献