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1.
河南桐柏老湾花岗岩岩浆动力学与成矿 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：6
基于岩浆岩岩石学、流体动力学、热力学研究。本文计算了河南桐伯老湾花岗岩岩浆过程的上升速度、冷凝速度及岩浆熔体的密度、粘度、含水量等物理参数，探讨了熔体中晶体的成核密度和生长速度以及岩浆对流形式等动力学行为，并分析了它们与成矿作用的联系。研究表明，老湾花岗岩岩浆含水量为4．76％，在侵位的温度和压力下是饱和的，较高的水含量有利于矿化。老湾花岗岩熔体上升较快而冷却缓慢，晶体成核密度和生长速度较低，以挥发分为迁移形式的成分对流是熔体中成矿物质迁移、富集的主要方式。老湾花岗岩特殊的岩浆物理性质和动力学行为指示其岩浆作用与老湾金矿床的形成具有密切的成因联系。 相似文献
2.
岩石动力学是一门刚刚兴起的边缘学科。本文是岩浆动力学理论的应用。文中基于岩石化学成分,计算了河南维摩寺—草庙A型花岗岩熔体在不同温度下的粘度和密度,阐述了岩浆上升通道和上侵时的温度,继之依据粘性流体力学理论,通过各种计算探讨了岩浆上升速度,岩浆冷凝速度和钾长石斑晶的沉浮行为及其分布机理,对有关地质问题做出定量化解释。 相似文献
3.
硅酸盐熔体的粘度、密度及其计算方法 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
粘度和密度是硅酸盐熔体的基本性质。文中概括地介绍了有关硅酸盐熔体的粘度和密度的基本意义、实测手段、影响因素以及由全岩化学成分计算熔体粘度和密度的方法;最后介绍了分异密度的概念,初步讨论了结晶分异过程中熔体密度的变化。 相似文献
4.
基于矿床地质特征的研究,以构造地质学、流体力学等为主要研究手段,对粤北石人嶂矿区含钨矿花岗岩侵入体进行分析。通过对岩体形成时的温压条件、岩浆密度、岩浆粘度、岩浆冷凝速度等岩浆动力学参数进行计算,并分析岩浆动力学特征,发现了密度值随温度的变化规律,对于侵位过程中的能量聚集有利,冷却速度缓慢,因而有足够的时间满足任何晶体生长。通过花岗岩体侵位机制的深入探讨,查明了岩体侵位与钨矿化的关系,为总结矿床的成因提供了流体动力学依据,为矿床成因探讨和矿山可持续开发利用提供了科学依据。 相似文献
5.
近年来研究表明岩浆的物理及化学性质与其熔体结构密切相关，因此熔体结构的研究对于理解岩浆的性质及岩动力学等与岩浆作用相关的地质问题是非常重要的。本文概括介绍了熔体结构的研究进展，着重讨论了熔体中熔体组分、温度及压力对熔体结构的影响。此外，并对硅酸盐熔体结构的研究意义进行了论述。 相似文献
6.
硅酸盐岩浆的Fe^3＋—Fe^2＋平衡与氧逸度 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
铁是硅酸盐岩浆中唯一呈两种价态存在的主要元素.岩浆中Fe~(3+)——Fe~(2+)的平街不仅显著地影响岩浆结晶作用的趋势,而且由于Fe~(3+)和Fe~(2+)在熔体相中具有不同的结构作用,从而影响熔体的性质,如密度和粘度等.氧是岩浆中具有相当化学活动性的组分.岩浆演化过程中氧逸度的变化明显地影响岩浆的结构、流变学性质和化学成分.对岩浆中Fe~(3+)——Fe~(2+)平衡的研究,可以获得有关氧逸度变化的信息,因而具有重要的岩石学意义. 相似文献
7.
8.
本文采用构造岩相学、地质温度-压力计估算等方法,来研究萨热克辉长辉绿岩类地球化学特征和恢复成岩氧逸度、硫逸度、温度、压力条件,探讨岩浆成岩作用热演化趋势。研究结果表明,(1)岩浆来源于交代富集型地幔,岩石系列为碱性变基性-碱性变超基性岩,岩石组合类型为辉长岩、似长石辉长岩和二长辉长岩,具有从辉长岩向似长石辉长岩和二长辉长岩两个方向演化的趋势;(2)岩浆经过三期六个阶段的热演化过程,地幔源区岩浆温度为1081～1211℃→地幔流体交代作用温度为545～796℃、压力为7. 94～4. 70kbar→壳幔混源岩浆作用温度为651～775℃、压力为2. 01～0. 58kbar→钾钠硅酸盐化温度为336～421℃→碳酸盐化温度为235℃→绿泥石化蚀变温度为143～80℃;(3)岩浆侵位不同于传统的主动侵位或被动侵位,而是经历了从29. 4km→17. 4km缓慢上升、17. 4km→7. 4km快速上升和从7. 42km→2. 15km缓慢上升的三阶段"气球膨胀"模式联合上升侵位,减压增温熔融为岩浆上侵的地球化学动力学机制,走滑拉分伸展的幔型深大断裂带为幔源岩浆提供了上升侵位通道和大陆动力学条件。 相似文献
9.
硅酸盐熔体结构与岩浆液态不混溶作用 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
本文简述了硅酸盐熔体结构和岩浆液态不混溶作用的基本特征，计算了玄武岩中基质和液态不混溶共轭熔体对的ＮＢＯ／Ｔ值，发现三者具有不同的熔体结构，据此总结出硅酸盐熔体结构与岩浆液态不混溶作用之间的内在联系。同时利用硅酸盐熔体结构解释了组分对岩浆液态不溶混作用的影响。 相似文献
10.
广西栗木花岗岩是华南地区具有代表性的含锡、钨、钽、铌矿的稀有金属花岗岩,发育一些紧密共生但结构有明显差异的岩石。在岩相学研究的基础上,运用热动力学原理对这些特殊地质现象进行成因分析以了解相应的岩浆演化过程,得出的结论构成了岩浆演化的动态证据链并相互印证,且与热动力学方程检验结论相吻合。研究结果表明,气—液分异是稀有金属花岗岩最重要的成岩与成矿作用机制。当富水岩浆上升侵位时,岩浆发生大规模的气—液分异作用,形成新的熔体相和大量夹带气相的气泡。新的熔体相因饱和水压尸(H_2O)的突然降低而过冷却结晶形成斑状结构岩石,气泡则上升迁移至不同部位,随后破裂再次发生气—液分异形成残余气流体和残余熔体相。残余气流体进一步交代先结晶的斑状结构岩石形成蚀变带花岗岩,或者结晶形成伟晶岩。残余气流体还是金属成矿元素迁移的主要载体,岩体内带的蚀变花岗岩型锡铌钽矿的成矿作用主要与残余气流体对花岗岩的自交代作用有关,而岩体顶上带的岩脉型钨锡矿的成矿作用主要与残余气流体在围岩裂隙中的结晶作用有关。 相似文献
11.
为探讨长英质岩浆作用过程中金属成矿元素的地球化学行为及其成矿意义，我们进行了常压下花岗岩－ＫＢＦ３－Ｎａ２ＭｏＯ４－ＷＯ３体系的实验研究。结果表明，高温（１２５０℃）条件下呈均一状态的花岗岩－ＫＢＦ４－ＮａＭｏＯ４－ＷＯ３体系，当温度降低时发生液态不混溶，从中分离出含矿熔体的小液滴，体系中的Ｍｏ（Ｗ）几乎全部富集在这种小液滴中。含矿熔体中极富含Ｃａ、Ｍｇ和Ｐ，而贫Ｓｉ、Ａｌ和Ｋ，Ｈ２Ｏ和Ｆ富集在含矿熔体中。此实验结果表明：长英质岩浆中液态不混溶作用的发生可以使成矿元素Ｗ和Ｍｏ富集到与硅酸盐熔体不混溶的独立的非硅酸盐熔体中。这种熔体在适当的地质条件下继续演化可形成类似镁铁质岩浆演化过程中常出现的岩浆熔离型矿床。本实验结果可能为斑岩矿床的形成机理提供一种新的解释。 相似文献
12.
一种计算NaAlSi3O8熔体粘度的理论方法 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
硅酸岩熔体的结构特征是制约熔体粘度的主要因素，熔体结构的变异是其中粘流作用发生的原因，化学成分对熔体粘度的控制是通过改变熔体结构而实现的。ＳｉＯ２熔体中仅存在Ｓｉ－Ｏ键，而ＮａＡｌ－Ｓｉ３Ｏ８熔体中存在Ｓｉ－Ｏ键，Ａｌ－Ｏ键和Ｎａ－Ｏ键，Ｎａ－Ｏ键在熔体结构中通过Ｏ与Ｓｉ－Ｏ键相联结，并且使与之相联的Ｓｉ－Ｏ键的键强变弱。因此，熔体结构单元中与Ｎａ－Ｏ键相联结的Ｓｉ－Ｏ键最易断开，并因此导致流变作用的发生。文中计算了不同温度条件下ＮａＡｌＳｉ３Ｏ８熔体中Ｓｉ－Ｏ键的键强，以ＳｉＯ２熔体中的Ｓｉ－Ｏ键的键强和ＳｉＯ２熔体的粘度为标准，建立了计算了ＮａＡｌＳｉ３Ｏ８熔体粘度的理论模型，依此理论模型求得的熔体粘度在合理的地质温度范围内与实验结果完全吻合 相似文献
13.
《Applied Geochemistry》1996,11(3):481-487
Geological studies demonstrate that liquid immiscibility in felsic magma closely associates with the ore forming process. In order to obtain experimental evidence demonstrating the relationship between the ore forming process and liquid immiscibility in felsic magma, we carried out a series of experiments at high temperature and atmospheric pressure. The experimental results show that the granite ∼ KBF4∼Na2MoO4 system is a homogeneous melt at high temperature. With decrease in temperature, however, the melt decomposes into two immiscible melts: silicate melt and ore-forming melt. The ore-forming melt exists as globules in the silicate phase. Molybdenm, Ca, Na, Mg, P, Mn, F, B, and OH are concentrated in these globules. The ore forming melt is characterized with very low SiO2 and Al2O3 concentrations but the concentration of MoO3 and CaO is very high. In contrast, the silicate melts are significantly enriched in SiO2 and Al2O3, and depleted in MoO3 and CaO. In the silicate melt the concentrations of network modifying elements (e.g. Mo, Ca, Na, P, Mg) and volatiles (F, OH) are very low. The differences between the two immiscible melts exist not only in chemical composition but also in structure. The ore-forming melt structurally consists of [MoO4], [MoOF4], [B(OH)4], and OH, while the silicate melt is [Si04]. Because of the difference in composition and structure the two immiscible melts possess different physical properties. Compared to silicate melt, the ore-forming melt has a lower density and viscosity, which permits the globules to behave as bubbles in granite magma and to move and concentrate in the upper part of magma chamber. This process is probably responsible for the concentration of ore-forming elements in the upper part of granite bodies and their immediate aureoles. The present experimental results suggest that liquation in felsic magma can be the first step in the ore-forming process during granitoid evolution. 相似文献
14.
I. S. Peretyazhko 《Petrology》2010,18(2):183-208
Analysis the development of large fluid segregations in a flux of small fluid bubbles during the degassing of granitic (pegmatitic)
melts indicates that the velocity of the buoyant ascent of fluid bubbles depends on their sizes, the viscosity and density
of the melts, and the duration of melt flow. Possible variants of the primary and secondary boiling of magma are discussed
depending on the P-T conditions and concentrations of H2O, F, B, and other components dissolved in the magma. The possible density ranges of the fluid phases are considered, along
with the viscosity and density of granitic (pegmatitic) melts, velocities of the buoyant ascent of fluid bubbles in them,
and the processes of their coalescence and accumulation in the temperature range of 650–850°C. Provisional evaluates are obtained
for the duration of melt crystallization and the development of intrusive massifs and dikes of granites and syngenetic intragranite
and epigenetic (intruded into the host rocks) granite pegmatites. Simulation data and geological observations suggest that
large fluid segregations were formed already in the magma chambers in which the heterogeneous granite (pegmatitic) magma was
derived, before its emplacement into the host rocks. These generation regions could be magma chamber areas within granite
intrusions, in which melts enriched in volatiles were accumulated and then degassed with the release of fluid phases of various
composition and density. The crystallization of fluid-rich melts under favorable conditions gives rise to granites with miarolitic
structures. The emplacement of heterogeneous pegmatitic magma (which consists of immiscible silicate melts and large fluid
segregations) into the host rocks results in that these segregations (would-be miaroles) occur in any part of the pegmatite-hosting
chamber. This explains why miaroles of significantly different composition and with broadly varying proportions of their filling
minerals may occur in various parts of pegmatite veins or their swells, as well as near contacts with the host rocks. 相似文献
15.
V.S. Kamenetsky V.B. Naumov P. Davidson E. van Achterbergh C.G. Ryan 《Chemical Geology》2004,210(1-4):73-90
Exsolution (unmixing) of the volatile element-rich phases from cooling and crystallising silicate magmas is critical for element transport from the Earth’s interior into the atmosphere, hydrosphere, crustal hydrothermal systems, and the formation of orthomagmatic ore deposits. Unmixing is an inherently fugitive phenomenon and melt inclusions (droplets of melt trapped by minerals) provide robust evidence of this process. In this study, melt inclusions in phenocrystic and miarolitic quartz were studied to better understand immiscibility in the final stages of cooling of, and volatile exsolution from, granitic magmas, using the tin-bearing Omsukchan Granite (NE Russia) as an example.
Primary magmatic inclusions in quartz phenocrysts demonstrate the coexistence of silicate melt and magma-derived Cl-rich fluids (brine and vapour), and emulsions of these, during crystallisation of the granite magma. Microthermometric experiments, in conjunction with PIXE and other analytical techniques, disclose extreme heterogeneity in the composition of the non-silicate phases, even in fluid globules within the same silicate melt inclusion. We suggest that the observed variability is a consequence of strong chemical heterogeneity in the residual silicate-melt/brine/vapour system on a local scale, owing to crystallisation, immiscibility and failure of individual phases to re-equilibrate. The possible evolution of non-silicate volatile magmatic phases into more typical “hydrothermal” chloride solutions was examined using inclusions in quartz from associated miarolitic cavities. 相似文献
16.
The Genesis of Intermediate and Silicic Magmas in Deep Crustal Hot Zones 总被引：55，自引：2，他引：55
A model for the generation of intermediate and silicic igneousrocks is presented, based on experimental data and numericalmodelling. The model is directed at subduction-related magmatism,but has general applicability to magmas generated in other platetectonic settings, including continental rift zones. In themodel mantle-derived hydrous basalts emplaced as a successionof sills into the lower crust generate a deep crustal hot zone.Numerical modelling of the hot zone shows that melts are generatedfrom two distinct sources; partial crystallization of basaltsills to produce residual H2O-rich melts; and partial meltingof pre-existing crustal rocks. Incubation times between theinjection of the first sill and generation of residual meltsfrom basalt crystallization are controlled by the initial geotherm,the magma input rate and the emplacement depth. After this incubationperiod, the melt fraction and composition of residual meltsare controlled by the temperature of the crust into which thebasalt is intruded. Heat and H2O transfer from the crystallizingbasalt promote partial melting of the surrounding crust, whichcan include meta-sedimentary and meta-igneous basement rocksand earlier basalt intrusions. Mixing of residual and crustalpartial melts leads to diversity in isotope and trace elementchemistry. Hot zone melts are H2O-rich. Consequently, they havelow viscosity and density, and can readily detach from theirsource and ascend rapidly. In the case of adiabatic ascent themagma attains a super-liquidus state, because of the relativeslopes of the adiabat and the liquidus. This leads to resorptionof any entrained crystals or country rock xenoliths. Crystallizationbegins only when the ascending magma intersects its H2O-saturatedliquidus at shallow depths. Decompression and degassing arethe driving forces behind crystallization, which takes placeat shallow depth on timescales of decades or less. Degassingand crystallization at shallow depth lead to large increasesin viscosity and stalling of the magma to form volcano-feedingmagma chambers and shallow plutons. It is proposed that chemicaldiversity in arc magmas is largely acquired in the lower crust,whereas textural diversity is related to shallow-level crystallization. KEY WORDS: magma genesis; deep hot zone; residual melt; partial melt; adiabatic ascent 相似文献
17.
Takehiro Koyaguchi 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》1989,103(2):143-152
The results of high pressure experiments on diffusion and Soret separation in natural silicate melts show that the diffusive behaviour between natural silicic and mafic magmas can be approximately modelled as if the system were a binary mixture of SiO2 and other components such as MgO+FeO+CaO. Steady state compositional profiles across a diffusive interface between silicic and mafic magma layers are calculated on the basis of phenomenological relationships for the fluxes of chemical species and heat in the binary mixtures, using the experimental data of diffusion and Soret coefficients in natural silicate melts. The compositional profiles show a curvature with a minimum SiO2 value within the interface due to the Soret effect and temperature dependence of diffusion coefficient. The compositional gradient at the lower half of the diffusive interface is similar to that resulting from the Soret separation of a mafic melt regardless of the composition of the silicic magmas. These results suggest that picritic magma can be formed in the interfacial region between the mafic and silicic magma layers. The compositional gradient explains chemical variation of mafic to picritic inclusions in a mixed andesite of the Abu Volcano Group, Japan. 相似文献
18.
Gaurav J. Kokandakar Sachin S. Ghodke K. Rathna Laxman B. More B. Nagaraju Munjaji V. Bhosle K. Vijaya Kumar 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2018,91(2):135-146
Three distinct alkaline magmas, represented by shonkinite, lamprophyre and alkali basalt dykes, characterize a significant magmatic expression of rift-related mantle-derived igneous activity in the Mesoproterozoic Prakasam Alkaline Province, SE India. In the present study we have estimated emplacement velocities (ascent rates) for these three varied alkaline magmas and compared with other silicate magmas to explore composition control on the ascent rates. The alkaline dykes have variable widths and lengths with none of the dykes wider than 1 m. The shonkinites are fine- to medium-grained rocks with clinopyroxene, phologopite, amphibole, K-feldspar perthite and nepheline as essential minerals. They exhibit equigranular hypidiomorphic to foliated textures. Lamprophyres and alkali basalts characteristically show porphyritic textures. Olivine, clinopyroxene, amphibole and biotite are distinct phenocrysts in lamprophyres whereas olivine, clinopyroxene and plagioclase form the phenocrystic mineralogy in the alkali basalts. The calculated densities [2.54–2.71 g/cc for shonkinite; 2.61–2.78 g/cc for lamprophyre; 2.66–2.74 g/cc for alkali basalt] and viscosities [3.11–3.39 Pa s for shonkinite; 3.01–3.28 Pa s for lamprophyre; 2.72–3.09 Pa s for alkali basalt] are utilized to compute velocities (ascent rates) of the three alkaline magmas. Since the lamprophyres and alkali basalts are crystal-laden, we have also calculated effective viscosities to infer crystal control on the velocities. Twenty percent of crystals in the magma increase the viscosity by 2.7 times consequently decrease ascent rate by 2.7 times compared to the crystal-free magmas. The computed ascent rates range from 0.11–2.13 m/sec, 0.23–2.77 m/sec and 1.16–2.89 m/sec for shonkinite, lamprophyre and alkali basalt magmas respectively. Ascent rates increase with the width of the dykes and density difference, and decrease with magma viscosity and proportion of crystals. If a constant width of 1 m is assumed in the magma-filled dyke propagation model, then the sequence of emplacement velocities in the decreasing order is alkaline magmas (4.68–15.31 m/sec) > ultramafic-mafic magmas (3.81–4.30 m/sec) > intermediate-felsic magmas (1.76–2.56 m/sec). We propose that SiO2 content in the terrestrial magmas can be modeled as a semi-quantitative “geospeedometer” of the magma ascent rates. 相似文献
19.
A. Dogan Paktunç 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》1987,97(3):405-416
In the Cuthbert Lake region of north-central Manitoba, northeasterly trending ultramafic-mafic dikes, part of the Molson dike swarm, show a range of composition from gabbro to olivine-hornblende pyroxenite to hornblende peridotite. The major dike which is ultramafic in composition is 60 m thick. Olivine and chromian spinel were the earliest cumulus phases formed in a subcrustal magma chamber before the emplacement of the dikes. Orthopyroxene and clinopyroxene were formed following emplacement at about 1120° C. Plagioclase and hornblende were the latest phases to crystallize from the intercumulus melt. Mineralogical and chemical variations across the major dike are interpreted to have resulted from flow differentiation of multiple injections of magma carrying suspended olivine crystals. Olivine phenocrysts changed their compositions from about Fo87 to values ranging from Fo80to Fo73 as a function of the amount of intercumulus melt. The composition of this melt is estimated to have been basaltic. A mafic dike, about 10 m thick and occurring about 20 m away from the main ultramafic dike, is believed to have been formed from magmas that were tapped from an upper layer overlying the olivine-rich zone in a subcrustal magma chamber. Separation must have occurred when clinopyroxene and plagioclase appeared on the liquidus.Geological Survey of Canada Contribution 36486 相似文献
20.
Experiments characterizing the kinetics of anorthosite dissolution in lunar picritic magmas (very low-Ti, low-Ti, and high-Ti picritic glasses) were conducted at 0.6 GPa and 1250-1400 °C using the dissolution couple method. Reaction between the anorthosite and lunar picritic magmas at 1250-1300 °C produced a spinel + melt layer. Reaction between the anorthosite and an olivine-saturated low-Ti magma at 1250-1300 °C produced a crystal-free region between the spinel + melt layer and the olivine-saturated magma. The anorthosite dissolution experiments conducted at 1400 °C simply dissolved anorthosite and did not result in a crystal-bearing region. The rate of anorthosite dissolution strongly depends on temperature and composition of the reacting melt. Concentration profiles that develop during anorthosite dissolution are nonlinear and extend from the picritic glass compositions to anorthite. These profiles feature a large and continuous variation in melt density and viscosity from the anorthosite-melt interface to the initial picritic magmas. In both the low-Ti and high-Ti magmas the diffusive fluxes of TiO2, Al2O3, and SiO2 are strongly coupled to the concentration gradients of CaO and FeO. Anorthosite dissolution may play an important role in producing the chemical variability of the lunar picritic magmas, the origin of spinel in the lunar basalts and picritic glasses, and the petrogenesis of the high-Al basalts. 相似文献