共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 484 毫秒
1.
以国道G213左侧双面高陡岩质边坡为原型,采用新型连续介质离散元计算方法（CDEM）,结合振动台试验结果,对高烈度地震作用下双面高陡岩质边坡的地震滑坡机制进行了研究。结果表明：在地震力和重力作用下,滑体顶部先出现拉应力集中,造成滑体沿滑体结构面后缘产生变形,进而造成该处出现拉伸、剪切破坏点;之后随着地震动的持续,滑体结构面上的剪切破坏点逐渐向滑体中前部的锁固段扩展,同时伴随着滑体表面拉伸破坏点的增加;最终造成锁固段发生渐进性破坏,滑体从剪出口滑出形成滑坡。滑床、滑体间运动的不一致性、地震动能量分布和耗散的差异性以及随地震烈度增大结构面强度的降低是诱发滑坡的3项主控影响因素。在地震动加速度较小时,滑床、滑体内加速度的瞬时频率基本一致,滑体结构面的能量透射系数及滑体内地震动能量的控制性频带均稳定在一定范围内;随着地震烈度的增加,滑体内加速度的瞬时频率逐渐下降,滑体结构面的能量透射系数逐渐减小,最后两者均趋于稳定,同时滑体内地震动能量的控制性频带也逐渐由高频带向低频带转移。 相似文献
2.
重庆小南海滑坡形成机制离散元模拟分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
重庆小南海滑坡是烈度相对较低地区发生的地震高位滑坡,其成因一直令人费解。基于重庆黔江小南海相关研究资料,通过对复原的小南海坡体进行失稳分析,计算得出使岩体产生崩滑破坏的地震力临界条件,即只有当地震波地形放大后滑坡才能启动。为了进一步验证计算所得的结论,运用UDEC软件建立小南海典型二维场地模型,施加相应的地震力对坡体失稳崩滑的全过程进行模拟,以研究地震作用下地形放大效应触发具平行坡面陡倾控制性结构面的高位岩质斜坡地震机理。研究结果表明,在地震波传播过程中,具平行坡面陡倾控制性结构面的高陡突出地形对地震波有明显的放大作用。该坡体运动模式为：峰值加速度放大-增加的振幅迫使岩体顺平行坡面陡倾控制性结构面迅速拉裂-沿缓倾层面滑移-高速脱离滑源区-巨大的势能和动能驱动坡体做长距离运动,其间伴随解体、颗粒间相互碰撞、铲刮作用,具有二相甚至三相流体性质。分析揭示地震力作用下斜坡体中质点加速度具有地形放大效应。对比结构面监测点和基岩监测点加速度放大系数,表明,滑坡启动时具有较大的加速度,当遇到平行坡面的不连续结构面时,斜坡动力响应强烈,最终导致坡体失稳。 相似文献
3.
地震作用下土石坝液化易导致坝坡失稳滑移等严重后果,加密法是常用的抗液化手段之一。针对坝趾压重与坝壳翻压两种坝身加密加固方法,开展了离心机振动台试验,分析了不同加密型抗液化处理的小型土石坝坝坡地震响应规律。试验结果表明,由于高水头作用下坝坡底部土体软化,未处理坝坡加速度放大系数沿高程先减小后增大,而加密坝坡加速度放大系数沿高程逐渐增大,且坝坡表面处加速度存在表面放大现象。坝趾压重和坝壳翻压提高了坝身有效应力,降低地震产生的超静孔压比,有效防止土体液化。未处理坝坡在峰值加速度为0.24g地震作用下即发生坝趾液化现象,而加密坝坡在峰值加速度为0.24g和0.45g下均未发生液化。未处理坝坡整体侧向位移大,加密处理后,在峰值加速度为0.24g下坝坡整体表现为竖向位移。坝趾压重区坝趾水平位移明显减小,坝壳翻压区坡顶沉降减小了50%。试验结果验证了坝趾压重和坝壳翻压的抗液化效果,为小型土石坝抗震加固设计提供了参考。 相似文献
4.
Aurelian Catalin Trandafir Kyoji Sassa 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2006,24(6):1627-1639
This paper outlines a methodology for evaluating the likelihood of catastrophic landslide occurrence on gentle slopes in liquefiable
soils during earthquake. The approach is based on a modified Newmark sliding block model of assessing the earthquake-induced
undrained landslide displacements for conditions of no shear stress reversals on the sliding surface. By employing the shear
resistance-displacement relationship from undrained monotonic ring shear tests, the simulation model incorporates the sensitivity
of computed displacements to variations in yield acceleration. The proposed approach involves an examination of undrained
seismic slope performance under various horizontal seismic waveforms scaled to different specific values of the peak earthquake
acceleration. An example problem illustrates how the proposed methodology may be used to demarcate, based on the magnitude
of permanent seismic displacement, the levels of low, moderate and high risk of catastrophic landslide on a gentle slope in
a saturated cohesionless soil susceptible to liquefaction during earthquake. 相似文献
5.
为研究余震对山体的地震动响应规律,在九寨沟薛家坝斜坡山体安装地震台阵,对斜坡表面以及斜坡内部不同深度地震动进行监测研究。MS3.2级余震触发了山脚及山顶4台强震记录仪,数据揭示:位于斜坡表面凸出位置的山体地形,地震的放大作用明显,同时水平向的加速度峰值大于垂直方向;对比山脚,斜坡表面2#-1监测点加速度峰值PGA最大,阿利亚斯强度值放大5倍以上,放大效应最大的方向在垂直向,加速度达到2.48倍,阿利亚斯强度达到5.24倍;随着向山体内部水平深度的加深高位放大效应逐渐衰减,PGA最大值由洞口2.48下降到2.03,阿利亚斯强度响应系数最大值由洞口5.84下降到3.92;自坡体表面水平向内,各监测点加速度峰值逐渐减小,在0~25 m内自坡表面向内加速度峰值下降最快,坡体内部下降幅度变小;傅氏谱表明,山脚的频率成分范围0~50 Hz,主频值大小为23 Hz左右,2#-1监测点频率范围较山脚未有明显变化,但主频值明显减小,在5 Hz上下;在斜坡上洞口傅氏谱频率成分复杂,随洞口向洞内水平加深,各监测点幅值及频率成分逐渐降低的趋势。研究表明,在地震作用下,随着加速度幅值的增大,地震动能量会呈几何倍数的增加,且山体表面是地震动能量最大的位置,若短时间振动能量超过岩体的强度,则会出现崩塌、滑坡,同时对工程建设的安全有极大的影响。 相似文献
6.
Sergio A. Sepúlveda William Murphy Randall W. Jibson David N. Petley 《Engineering Geology》2005,80(3-4):336-348
The 1994 Northridge earthquake (Mw = 6.7) triggered extensive rock slope failures in Pacoima Canyon, immediately north of Los Angeles, California. Pacoima Canyon is a narrow and steep canyon incised in gneissic and granitic rocks. Peak accelerations of nearly 1.6 g were recorded at a ridge that forms the left abutment of Pacoima Dam; peak accelerations at the bottom of the canyon were less than 0.5 g, suggesting the occurrence of topographic amplification. Topographic effects have been previously suggested to explain similarly high ground motions at the site during the 1971 (Mw = 6.7) San Fernando earthquake. Furthermore, high landslide concentrations observed in the area have been attributed to unusually strong ground motions rather than higher susceptibility to sliding compared with nearby zones. We conducted field investigations and slope stability back-analyses to confirm the impact of topographic amplification on the triggering of landslides during the 1994 earthquake. Our results suggest that the observed extensive rock sliding and falling would have not been possible under unamplified seismic conditions, which would have generated a significantly lower number of areas affected by landslides. In contrast, modelling slope stability using amplified ground shaking predicts slope failure distributions matching what occurred in 1994. This observation confirms a significant role for topographic amplification on the triggering of landslides at the site, and emphasises the need to select carefully the inputs for seismic slope stability analyses. 相似文献
7.
Submarine landslide due to seismic loading in methane hydrate-rich zone was simulated in this study using coupled computational fluid dynamics and discrete element method. Dynamic features and Magnus force were incorporated in the coupling scheme to improve the simulation fidelity in dynamic problem. A sinusoidal type seismic loading was applied to a steep submarine slope, which was characterized by a strong inter-layer of methane hydrate-bearing sediments. The simulation results show that a flow-type sliding occurs and the sliding ends with a gentle slope of accumulated debris material. The fluid flows in an eddy pattern near the sliding mass. The presence of methane hydrate can increase the strength and decrease the damping of the sediment. When MH saturation is low (25 and 30%), the combined seismic loading and particle-fluid interaction damage the MH-rich layer, which allows settlement behind the slope crest and upheaval in front of the slope toe. The two ground deformation patterns (settlement and upheaval) are not observed when MH saturation is high (40 and 50%) because the sediment strength is great enough to resist seismic damage. The lower damping in higher MH saturation sediment allows more energy to be transferred from ground base to potential sliding mass and consequently the sliding initiates earlier. Implications of the simulation results in the assessment of earthquake-induced submarine hazards are discussed. 相似文献
8.
地震动强度对斜坡加速度动力响应规律的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
依托大型振动台试验成果,采用加速度响应峰值PGA及其放大系数相结合的分析方法,系统地探讨了上硬、下软和上软、下硬两种岩性组合结构斜坡模型,分别在正弦波和天然地震波作用下坡面各高程点的水平向和竖直向加速度响应随震动强度增大的变化规律。试验结果分析表明：①在天然波作用下两斜坡模型的水平向和竖直向PGA均随震动强度增大而增大,而放大系数则随震动强度增大到一定程度时,逐渐减小并趋于稳定;②在正弦波作用下两斜坡模型的水平向和竖直向PGA亦随震动强度增大而增大,然而竖直向PGA放大系数随震动强度增大亦有所增大,说明竖直向加速度响应表现出了相对于水平向响应较弱的非线性特征;③在水平向和竖直向地震力作用下加速度响应沿高程表现出的放大效应分别体现在斜坡模型的上段和下段。此外,斜坡模型的加速度响应沿坡面在坡脚、坡中和坡肩等特殊部位出现了多个极值区;④在水平向地震力作用下低频的地震波作用要强于高频地震波,且加速度在上硬、下软岩性组合结构斜坡模型中的响应要强于上软、下硬岩性组合斜坡模型;在竖直向地震力作用下则呈现相反结果。其研究结果对高地震风险山区的防震减灾及灾后重建都具有指导和借鉴意义。 相似文献
9.
This study investigated the effect of internal discontinuity on the dynamic response of a dip slope and evaluated the performance of Newmark’s theory on the sliding of a dip slope with multi-slip planes. A series of shaking table tests were performed under various geometric conditions to explore the dynamic behavior of a dip slope under different external excitations. The test results, including for deformation processes and critical accelerations, under various slope angles, slope sizes, and seismic intensities were examined and further compared with Newmark’s theory. The results of this study are summarized as follows: (1) two types of slope sliding (differential and complete) were determined. (2) Increasing the slope angle and the height of sliding mass tended to shorten the duration of slope deformation. (3) Critical acceleration of the slope increased gradually with increasing peak ground accelerations of input excitations; when the slope height and dip angle increased, the critical acceleration decreased. (4) The triggering time became earlier as the frequency of input excitation increased; the magnitude of sliding mass greatly depended on the amplitude of the input excitation. (5) By comparing critical acceleration between the experimental and theoretical results, Newmark’s theory was determined to overestimate critical acceleration during seismic-induced dip slope failure. This may cause unsafe evaluations, and sliding along existing discontinuities develops more easily in reality. 相似文献
10.
为研究地震作用下微型桩群桩支护均质土滑坡的地震动力响应特性,依托大型振动台,设计完成几何相似比为8:1（原型:模型）的物理试验模型。试验以El Centro波、汶川波、Kobe波以及不同频率的正弦波为激励波,研究地震动力作用下微型桩群桩的破坏模式、加桩后土质滑坡的加速度响应规律等。试验结果表明:（1）地震激励后微型桩的破坏模式与静力情况类似,呈反"S"型变形,弯曲破坏范围主要分布在滑面上1.4~4倍桩径内和滑面下1.4~3.4倍桩径内。（2）不同频谱特性的地震波激励时,滑坡加速度响应不同。激励频率越靠近滑坡自振频率,其加速度响应越强烈。微型桩群桩支护滑坡的加速度响应具有高程放大效应,且激励频率越靠近坡体自振频率,其高程放大效应越显著。（3）微型桩群桩支护结构对地震波有一定的阻滞作用,支护部位（尤其是坡脚）坡面的加速度响应明显弱于坡内,可限制坡表效应,但伴随坡高的增大,这种阻滞作用趋于减弱,无支护部位的上部坡体仍会出现坡表效应。 相似文献
11.
Large-scale shaking table model tests were carried out to study the dynamic behaviors of slopes and failure mechanism of landslide in permafrost regions. The model slope was constituted of silty clay layer stacked on an ice layer with 8° surface slope. Acceleration, displacement, and pore pressure were measured subjected to vertical and horizontal seismic loadings. The horizontal wave has a stronger influence on the failure of the model than the vertical wave motion, and the natural frequency of vibration in the horizontal direction decreased obviously at the failure state. The model slope has three components of different nonlinear mechanical properties, which are the soil layer, soil-ice interface, and ice layer. The amplification factor of peak ground acceleration is obviously smaller at the soil-ice interface than that at the soil and ice layer. The acceleration responses are nonlinear because of the nonlinear soil properties and degradation of modulus with increasing horizontal acceleration. Especially, excess pore pressure generation was observed near the soil-ice interface of the slope subjected to higher input acceleration, which resulted in the decrease of the effective stress. Failure surface appeared to be the soil-ice interface, which was consistent with the field observations of landslides in permafrost regions. Slope failure could be defined based on the massive movement of the slope, characterized by integral sliding pattern along the soil-ice interface without the distinct deformation inside the sliding body. The results show that the sliding of the slope with soil layer at gentle gradient is mainly triggered by the combined action of horizontal seismic wave, existence of soil-ice interface, and pore pressure generation in permafrost regions. 相似文献
12.
充分考虑振动台实验揭示出来的基本地震滑坡单元体震动滑移特征,总结得到其永久位移的估算方法:（1）考虑地震动惯性力和重力的联合作用,计算相应向上和向下滑移的屈服加速度,以反应其可能向上和向下滑移的行为;（2）在适度简化斜坡岩土体动力学模型的基础上,考虑斜坡岩土体自振特性和滑体所在高度对地震波的放大效应,得到滑体附近的局部地震加速度;（3）考虑滑体附近局部加速度和滑移屈服加速度的控制作用,计算每一地震波的周期内滑体相对滑床所能达到的最大滑移速度（向上和向下）,进而得到相对动能;（4）考虑到滑体的动能基本耗散在滑带上,基于能量守恒原理,将相对动能除以滑带上的摩擦力,即可估算出每一周期内的永久位移;（5）将每一地震波周期内产生的永久位移相累加,即可得到总体的滑动位移。经与实验结果对比,本估算方法具有较高的精度与可靠性,虽只考虑了水平向地震动作用的影响,但对于存在竖向地震动的情况,其思路同样适用,只是需要计入竖向地震动惯性作用力的影响。 相似文献
13.
桩板式抗滑挡墙地震响应的振动台试验研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
汶川地震路基震害调查表明,在顺层或堆积体边坡中的桩板式抗滑挡墙具有良好的抗震性能。为了更好地了解该结构的抗震性能和优化抗震设计方法,以大型振动台模型试验为手段对其进行研究。为明确地震作用下桩板式抗滑挡墙的地震响应特性,试验采用缩尺的卧龙台站实测地震波对模型激励。试验结果揭示了土压力沿桩身分布规律、桩体位移和边坡岩土体加速度的地震响应特征。研究表明,地震土压力沿桩身呈非线性分布,竖向地震荷载对水平加速度有放大效果。所以,双向加载时的地震土压力比水平单向加载时大,但二者差距在地震基本烈度VII、VIII度区域不显著。滑坡推力、滑床对桩的土体抗力和桩身位移均与输入地震动峰值加速度成正比,即随着地震动峰值加速度的增加,加速度放大比增大;滑动面材料剪切强度折减,滑坡推力、土体抗力和抗身位移均增大,且增大速率加快。此外,结合试验成果,建议了桩板式抗滑挡墙设计时地震综合影响系数Cz的合理取值,对应地震基本烈度VII、VIII、IX度区分别为0.2、0.35、0.4。试验结果有助于揭示该结构抗震机制,也为其抗震设计提供了可靠依据。 相似文献
14.
为了解抗滑桩—预应力锚索框架组合结构在地震作用下的受力机制,基于四川省东北部某滑坡治理工程,采用MIDAS/GTS有限元程序建立抗滑桩—预应力锚索框架数值模型,利用位移时程曲线法对加固边坡进行稳定安全系数计算,而后输入不同峰值地震加速度（peak ground accelerations,PGA）的Wolong地震波,分析了加固边坡的加速度响应、桩锚结构内力变化以及荷载分担规律.研究结果表明,加固边坡的稳定安全系数满足规范要求,在地震作用下其上部存在潜在浅层滑面,中部和下部存在潜在深层滑面,与静力条件下加固边坡的潜在滑面分布不同,这是加速度高程放大效应所致;随着输入地震波PGA增大,加速度高程放大效应明显加强,且抗滑桩桩身弯矩和剪力增大,但其最大值出现位置不变,桩身正、负弯矩最大值分别位于距桩顶约0.7L和0.4L处,最大正、负剪力分别位于距桩顶约0.9L和0.7L处,实际工程中需注意防范抗滑桩在滑面附近发生破坏;同时随着输入地震波PGA增大,桩锚承担的荷载逐渐增大,但抗滑桩分担的下滑力比例增大,而锚索分担的下滑力比例减小,故实际工程设计中不应固定桩锚荷载分担比例. 相似文献
15.
为了探讨黄土基覆层边坡动力破坏特征与加速度的响应关系,采用1∶20振动台试验,设置输入地震波幅值逐级增大,实时监测边坡裂缝试验全周期内发育规律,应用MATLAB动力破坏特征检测系统获取地表裂缝的基本信息,提出边坡表面动力破坏特征,并结合各工况监测点加速度峰值变化规律进行分析。得到如下结论:(1)输入加速度峰值0.6g时,坡顶和坡脚的裂缝宽度、裂缝面积均有跳跃性增长,表明土岩接触面部位土体已发生累进剪切破坏,滑面和坡面上的加速度峰值响应突变,振幅突变较大,表明边坡已经发生破坏。(2)沿坡面和滑面加速度放大系数均呈非线性增加,而沿坡面的放大系数在各工况下明显比沿滑面的大,说明加速度沿高程放大效应明显。(3)拉裂缝和剪切裂缝面积突增是边坡破坏的重要特征,贯通裂缝产生和加速度响应突变可以作为边坡动力破坏的依据。 相似文献
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在山区,地震诱发滑坡造成的人员伤亡往往占到地震总伤亡人数的一半以上,尤其是在黄土地区,由于地震造成的黄土滑坡具有运动距离远等特征,其灾难性更严重。针对地震诱发黄土斜坡的失稳峰值加速度、临界位移和运动距离等问题,本文利用离散元（PFC）方法,通过对室内三轴实验的应力-应变曲线进行标定和高精度航拍三维地形数据进行转化,以宁夏海口村黄土斜坡为研究对象,开展三维地震作用下斜坡失稳破坏和运动过程的数值模拟研究。通过监测不同位置在地震作用下的应力分量,计算监测点的p、q值并与室内三轴实验所得到p-q破坏线进行比较,获得斜坡破坏过程中的应力路径。结合颗粒的监测位移,获得斜坡失稳破坏的临界位移,得出该黄土斜坡失稳峰值加速度为0.135 g,临界位移为50 cm。同时根据不同地面环境条件,预测了在不同摩擦系数下斜坡失稳后的危害范围,为黄土地区边坡工程的抗震设计及防震减灾工作提供一种新的可视化方法。 相似文献
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为研究地震作用下锚固系统的动力响应,采用振动台进行格构梁锚杆支护滑坡模型试验。试验分别输入汶川波、EL Centro波、正弦波作为地震激励,监测锚杆轴力、坡体加速度和位移时程,研究锚固滑坡在地震作用下的动力响应差别、不同位置锚杆在地震作用下的受力机制。结果表明：低量级地震波（0.05 g～0.40 g）作用下,坡脚相对坡体的其他部位,浅表效应表现明显,坡脚滑面由于反复的揉搓作用,更容易出现裂缝,影响整个锚固体的稳定;建议在拟静力法设计的基础上,在滑坡坡脚密集地打入短锚杆或土钉以平衡坡脚滑面处出现的不协调往复运动。高量级地震波作用（0.6 g～0.8 g）下,坡肩处坡表效应表现明显、坡顶滑面处裂缝宽度不断增长,更易出现崩裂、崩滑等现象;建议加长坡顶的第1排锚杆,以抑制坡顶滑面处裂缝的下切发展;同时在坡顶面垂直地打入短锚杆或种植根系发达的植物护坡。格构梁锚固系统不会出现素土边坡的整体性破坏,强震作用下,首先是坡脚锚杆的承载能力受到损伤,顶层锚杆的抗拉力则因坡顶面及上表面的拉裂急剧增长。研究结果为更加合理地进行锚杆抗震设计提供了良好的基础。 相似文献
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The Donghekou landslide-debris flow was a remarkable geological disaster triggered by the Wenchuan earthquake in 2008. The dynamic process of a rapid landslide-debris flow is very complicated and can be divided into two aspects: the slope dynamic response of the earthquake and the mass movement and accumulation process. A numerical method combined with a finite difference method (FDM) and discrete element method (DEM) for simulation of landslide-debris flow under seismic loading is presented. The FDM and DEM are coupled through the critical sliding surface, initiation time and velocity. The dynamic response of the slope is simulated by the finite difference method, and critical sliding surface is determined using the earthquake response spectrum method. The landslide initiation time and the velocity are determined by time–history analysis. The mass movement and accumulation process is simulated using the discrete element method. Simulation results demonstrate that the maximum amplification coefficient of dynamic acceleration for the Donghekou slope is approximately 3.909, the initiation time of landslide is approximately 6.0 s, and the average initial velocity of the sliding mass is approximately 0.85 m/s. The failure of the slope is the result of elevation-orientated amplification effect and the sliding mass triggered with a small initial velocity. The numerical simulated result of the maximum sliding velocity is approximately 66.35 m/s, and the mass is disintegrated rapidly because of collision and free fall. The landslide velocity decreases when the flowing mass reaches a lower slope angle and gradually comes to a stop, and the total travel distance is approximately 2400 m. 相似文献
20.
地震作用下顺层岩质边坡动力响应和破坏模式大型振动台试验研究 总被引：16，自引：0，他引：16
5•12汶川大地震触发了大量的顺层岩质滑坡,对其进行研究很有必要。根据动力模型试验的相似关系,设计制作了1个坡角大于岩层倾角的尺寸(高×长×宽)为1.6 m×1.75 m×0.8 m的顺层模型边坡,并完成了大型振动台试验。试验结果表明,在坡体表面和内部竖直方向上,加速度放大系数随着坡体高程增加而增大,并且随着高程增加,加速度放大系数增大的速度加快;在坡体内同一高程上,坡面处的加速度放大系数大于一定水平深度坡体内部的加速度放大系数,表现出趋表效应;地震波输入频率对坡体动力响应有明显影响,随着频率的增加,越接近坡体的自振频率,加速度放大效应越显著;加速度放大系数随着输入波振幅的增加,总体上表现为递减趋势;通过和均质边坡振动台试验加速度监测数据对比,发现坡体结构对坡体加速度放大系数也有一定的影响,结构面对地震波的反射和折射作用加大了坡体加速度的放大效应。,对试验过程中坡体破坏特征的描述和分析发现,边坡的破坏模式为地震诱发－坡肩拉裂张开－坡面中部出现裂缝－裂缝贯通－发生高位滑坡－转化为碎屑流－堆积坡脚。研究成果对地震灾区滑坡形成机制的认识和减灾防灾有一定的价值。 相似文献