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一场设计界的盛宴——由教育部、科技部、文化部和北京市人民政府共同主办的2012北京国际设计周于9月28日至10月6日在北京成功举办。本次活动主题为"设计提升城市品质",由开幕式暨颁奖典礼、年度设计奖、主宾城市、北京国际设计品交易会、国际信息设计展、北京设计论坛和设计之旅7个主体活动构成,旨在展示设计对促进城市可持续发展,带动社会经济文化进步,推动设计产业发展,促进设计交易与设计消费,提升公众生活幸福指数的重 相似文献
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1问题的提出
长期以来,我国建筑工程主要推行的是设计与施工分别承发包的模式。设计单位与施工单位泾渭分明,设计单位负责方案设计、初步设计及施工图设计,施工单位简单按图施工。在这种模式下,设计人员因为设计取费较低、施工配合费不落实、同时承担的设计任务过多、设计周期紧等原因很少到施工现场,造成设计人员对施工现场情形不熟悉、不... 相似文献
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地下水源热泵是一种国内外正在迅速推广的新型节能环保型空调技术,但如果设计和运行管理不合理,会造成水资源的耗损和地质环境的破坏,因此需要加强其水文地质设计。地下水源热泵的水文地质设计包括水力学设计、热力学设计和地质环境保护设计。水力学设计的重点是维持地下水回灌能力,热力学设计的重点是防止回灌井导致的地下水过热和过冷,地质环境保护设计重点是防止水资源浪费和地下水污染。算例分析表明,抽灌井距的确定需要把水力学设计与热力学设计结合起来进行。 相似文献
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随着采修一体化海洋平台项目的日益增多,各平台从工艺设计到配管布置设计大同小异,如何更好地利用集成系统软件SP3D的复用功能以及配管模块化设计,成为提高设计质量及工作效率的重中之重。本文主要基于设计集成系统对海洋平台项目的复用以及对平台模块化设计应用探索进行阐述,实践证明,复用功能及模块化设计应用很大程度上提高了工作效率,缩短了设计周期,具有良好的实用价值。 相似文献
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Rhino是一款功能强大的专业三维造型设计软件,广泛地应用于各种行业的设计领域。在珠宝首饰设计方面,国外应用Rhino设计珠宝首饰已较普遍,在我国的应用则处于发展初期。因此,研究和介绍Rhino设计珠宝首饰的技法,对于普及Rhino在我国珠宝首饰设计中的应用具有重要的意义。根据对Rhino在珠宝首饰设计中的应用研究体会,以设计精度要求很高的钉镶首饰为例,介绍了钉镶首饰的结构和设计要求,并结合两种简单典型的钉镶首饰模型实例,详细讲解采用Rhino进行精确的钉镶首饰设计的建模技法,供珠宝首饰设计人员和学习者参考。 相似文献
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针对当前设计企业在设计前期服务、方案设计、施工图设计、设计后期服务等四个环节出现的质量问题进行了分析总结,提出了设计企业要提高设计质量,就要对这四个环节实施质量控制的措施。 相似文献
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随着中国勘察设计市场竞争的加剧,设计企业的设计和管理面临着众多严峻的挑战：建设工程的庞大、工期的缩短、变更越来越频繁等等,设计企业进行协同设计已经是整个行业发展的趋势。如何搭建适合设计企业自身的协同设计平台,是每个要进行协同设计的企业都面临的问题。Bentley公司的ProjectWise是个较为成熟的通用工程内容管理平台,本文讨论的是在此平台上定制开发,从而构建真正适合本企业的协同设计平台。 相似文献
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道路设计应注重节能设计 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
民用建筑和公共建筑的节能设计已被国家列入强制性标准,在道路交通设计方面的节能设计尚未起步,从城市道路的规划、平面线形、纵面线形设计以及道路路面材料的选用、道路排水、道路照明、道路绿化、交通工程等方面的设计阐述城市道路设计中的节能设计。 相似文献
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第32届国际地质大会通过按地域和构造作用过程等形式划分11个专题会场,展示了地球动力学的研究成果。其成果主要包括特提斯域构造演化及其不同阶段的块体裂解、拼合及后期改造的细节过程,地质历史中的超大陆分布和成因,俯冲—碰撞带深部构造和变质机制,安第斯山(Andes)缓倾角平坦式俯冲过程及其地壳变形和岩浆作用的响应,显微构造对动力作用过程的影响和控制,地壳和上地幔熔融、流变学和动力学意义,大洋岩石圈构造与演化,大陆地盾区构造和再活动,稳定大陆区地震,空间大地测量学和现代板块运动等方面。这些研究成果充分显示了地球动力学研究具有多学科、多手段(如古地磁、超深钻、地球物理、大地测量和GPS等)、多尺度(宏观、微观)和多时期、全面、综合、并逐步接近定时、定位和定量地探索和研究的特点,它从地球(主要为上地幔和地壳)的组成、结构构造入手,逐步认识地球(主要为地球岩石圈)的演化和动力学。 相似文献
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太阳系形成及演化研究方法 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
通过对陨石的研究,说明太阳系的形成与演化历史,包括太阳星云的凝聚过程、高温加热熔融事件和低温蚀变过程,陨石母体的热变质作用、熔融分异作用以及冲击变质作用等。对太阳星云的化学组成和同位素组成不均一性、前太阳物质的存在及其意义、太阳系形成和演化的同位素绝对年龄、间隔年龄以及宇宙射线暴露年龄等进行了讨论。结合太阳系形成和演化的研究,特别对电子探针、离子探针、透射电子显微镜以及拉曼光谱等微束分析技术在该领域的应用和相关问题进行了讨论。 相似文献
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本文较系统地研究了中国东部济阳坳陷车镇与沾化凹陷古近系遗迹化石的组成、分布和产状特征及其沉积环境，提出了三种古湖泊沉积环境中的遗迹化石群落：（1）Scoyenia遗迹群落，由?Scoyenia、Beaconites、Taenidium、Planolites、Palaeophycus、Macaronichnus、Gordia、Skolithos、Ophiomorpha、Sagittichnus和Favreina等遗迹属组成，代表了经常干旱的滨浅湖或泛滥平原上的极浅水沉积环境；（2）Mermoides遗迹群落，以Mermoides、Neonereites、Planolites 、Helminthopsis、 Helminthopsis、Helminthoidichnites、Vagrichnus和Cochlichnus等遗迹属为特征，指示半深湖或较深水湖沉积环境；（3）Macaronichnus遗迹群落，主要组成分子有Macaronichnus、Planolites、Palaeophycus、Skolithos 、Monocraterion、Arenicolites、Margaritichnus、cf.?Thalassinoides?等遗迹属和须根迹，反映了中等能量与低能水体交替变化的沉积环境。 相似文献
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Mine tailings integrated investigations: The case of Rio tailings (Panasqueira Mine, Central Portugal) 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Mining generates huge quantities of waste materials from ore extraction and milling operations, which accumulate in tailings and open impoundments. The risks associated with mine tailings have different nature, namely stability, rupture, surface and groundwater contamination, acid mine drainage (AMD) and precipitation of secondary minerals. In fact catastrophic failure of tailings impoundments has occurred, transporting slurry, dissolved metals and fine reactive metal particles to the environment.Often deposition conditions of old mine tailings are unknown and monitoring is deficient or even inexistent. Thus, in order to prevent accidents it is necessary to establish the internal structure, that is, mapping tailings impoundment, internal sediment structures – limits and stratigraphy – seepage and pathway locations, bedrock depth and topography estimates and actual deposition conditions of the tailings. Owing to the complexity of the problem, only integrated approaches can investigate and monitor comprehensively the characteristics and evolution of mine tailings and its impacts on the environment.As this is a multidisciplinary problem, strategies should consider integrated studies such as Geophysics, Geochemistry and borehole surveys. However data from these sources must be interpreted together, in a GIS database, to provide better models and an enhanced overall knowledge of the studied structures.It is proposed to test and validate such a methodology in a case study, Panasqueira mine, central Portugal and to contribute to the decision-making process of environmental and civil protection agencies with responsibilities in the assessing, prevention, mitigation, and controlling the potential and actual effects of tailings spills on the environment. 相似文献
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In this paper, the main meteorological and meteorologically induced marine disasters in Shanghai are climatologically investigated on the basis of historical qualitative documentary records and quantitative data. Statistics show that disasters may be classified into six different kinds, of which three are fundamental, i.e. floods, winds, and storm surges. Emphasis is placed on the detailed analysis and discussion of floods, tropical cyclones, and Mei-yu which affect Shanghai and cause destructive calamities.Firstly, the classification of floods, their frequencies, and geographical distribution characteristics are described and the regulation of the climatic variation of floods is revealed. Secondly, the frequency, source regions, seasonal variations, tracks, and translatory speeds of tropical cyclones affecting Shanghai, and their induced strong winds, storm rainfalls, and storm surges are systematically studied. Many meaningful conclusions have been reached for providing the climatological background of Shanghai.The climatic change and its regulation of these main disasters in Shanghai have been basically clarified throughout this study. 相似文献
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The rare metal minerals of mineralized altered granites within the Ghadir and El-Sella shear zones, are represented by betafite, U-minerals (uraninite and uranophane), zircon, monazite, xenotime, and rutile in the Ghadir shear zone. While they are columbite-tantalite minerals as ferrocolumbite, pyrochlore, and fergusonite, Th-minerals (cheralite, uranothorite, and huttonite monazite), Hf-zircon, monazite and xenotime in the El-Sella shear zone. Hf-zircon in the El-Sella and Ghadir shear zones (increasing from the core to the rim) contains high inclusions of U-Th, and REE minerals such as cheralite, uranothorite, huttonite monazite and xenotime especially in the El Sella shear zone. The rare-metal minerals, identified from peralkminous granites of the shear zones are associated with muscovite, quartz, chlorite, fluorite, magnetite, and biotite that are restricted to the two shear zones. Uraninite (low Th content) occurring in the Ghadir shear zone indicates the hydrothermal origin, but there are thorite, uranothorite, cheralite, and Hf-zircon in the El Sella shear zone, also indicating the hyrothermal proccess after magmatic origin. Compositional variations of Ta/(Ta+Nb) and Mn/(Mn+Fe) in columbite from 0.07-0.42 and 0.04-0.33, respectively, and Hf contents in zircon are so high as to be 12%, especially in the rim in the El Sella shear zone. This feature re-flects the extreme degree of magmatic fractionation. Four samples from the altered granites of the Ghadir shear zone also are very low in TiO2 (0.04 wt%-0.17 wt%), Sr [(82-121)×10-6], and Ba [(36-380)×10-6], but high in Fe2O3T (0.46 wt%-0.68 wt%), CaO (0.64 wt%-1.23 wt%), alkalis (8.59 wt%-8.88 wt%), Rb [(11-203)×10-6], Zr [(98-121)×10-6], Nb [(9-276)×10-6], Ta [(2-139)×10-6], U [(14-63)×10-6], Th [(16-105)×10-6], Pb [(13-32)×10-6], Zn [(7-8)×10-6], Y [(15-138)×10-6], Hf [(3-9)×10-6], and ∑REE [(81-395)×10-6, especially LREE [(70-322)×10-6]. They are very high in Zr/Hf (15.07-85.96) and Nb/Ta (7.17-21.48), and low in Rb/Sr (2.56-3.36) and Th/U (0.096-3.36). Four samples of the altered granites from the El Sella shear zone are very low in TiO2 (0.23 wt%-0.38 wt%), Sr [(47-933)×10-6], and Ba [(82-175)×10-6] , with high Fe2O3T (1.96 wt%-2.87 wt%), CaO (0.43 wt%-0.6 wt%), alkalis (4.46 wt%-10.7 wt%), Rb [(109-313)×10-6], Zr [(178-1871)×10-6], Nb [(11-404)×10-6], U [(56-182)×10-6], Th [(7-188)×10-6], Ta [(0.5-57)×10-6], Pb [(12-28)×10-6], Zn [(1-13)×10-6], Y [(62-156)×10-6], Hf [(3-124)×10-6], and ∑REE [(101-184)×10-6], especially HREE [(7-139)×10-6]. This is consistent with the very fractionated, fluorine-bearing granitic rocks that were altered and sheared in the El Sella shear zone. Zr/Hf (14.23-39.79) and Nb/Ta (1.98-7.01) are very high, and Rb/Sr (0.14-1.7) and Th/U (0.25-2.5) are low in the Ghadir shear zone. Field evidence, textural relations, and the composi-tion of ore minerals suggest that the main mineralizing event was magmatic (615+/-7 Ma, and 644+/-7 Ma CHIME monazite), especially in the El Sella shear zone, with later hydrothermal alteration and local remobilization of the high-field-strength elements. 相似文献
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The aim of the present study is the petrographic and chemical characterization of the coal at the Figueira Power Plant, Paraná, Brazil, prior and after the beneficiation process and the chemical characterization of fly and bottom ashes generated in the combustion process.Petrographic characterization was carried out through maceral analysis and vitrinite reflectance measurements. Chemical characterization included proximate analysis, determination of calorific value and sulphur content, ultimate analysis, X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence, Inductively Coupled Plasma — Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) and Inductively Coupled Plasma — Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES) analysis, and determination of Total Organic Carbon (TOC) content.Vitrinite reflectance analyses indicate a high volatile B/C bituminous coal (0.61 to 0.73% Rrandom). Maceral analyses show predominance of the vitrinite maceral group (51.6 to 70.9 vol.%, m.m.f). Except of the Run of mine (ROM) coal sample, the average calorific value of the coals is 5205 kcal/kg and ash yields range from 21.4 to 38.1 wt.%. The mineralogical composition (X-ray diffraction) of coals includes kaolinite, quartz, plagioclase and pyrite, whereas fly and bottom ashes are composed by mullite, ettringite, quartz, magnetite, and hematite. Analyses of major elements from coal, fly and bottom ashes indicate a high SiO2, Al2O3, and Fe2O3 content. Trace elements analysis of in-situ and ROM coals by ICP-MS and ICP-AES show highest concentration in Zn and As. Most of the toxic elements such as As, Cd, Cr, Mo, Ni, Pb, and Zn are significantly reduced by coal beneficiation. Considering the spatial distribution of trace elements in the beneficiated coal samples, which were collected over a period of three months, there appears to be little variation in Cd and Zn concentrations, whereas trace elements such as As, Mo, and Pb show a larger variation.In the fly and bottom ashes, the highest concentrations of trace elements were determined for Zn and As. When compared with trace element concentrations in the feed coal, fly ashes show a significant enrichment in most trace elements (As, B, Be, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Li, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sb, Tl, and Zn), suggesting a predominantly volatile nature for these elements. In contrast, Sn is distributed evenly within the different ash types, whereas U shows depleted concentration in both bottom and fly ash samples.According to the International Classification of in-seam coals the Cambuí coals are of para/ortho bituminous rank of low grade (except for the ROM sample), and are characterized by the predominance of vitrinite macerals. 相似文献
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黄河流域是中国重要能源和粮食主产区,然而水资源短缺已成为制约能源、粮食发展的关键要素。为优化流域水资源、能源、粮食之间的关系,引入协同学原理构建水资源-能源-粮食整体分析框架,建立具有总分结构、互馈关联的协同优化模型,采用多要素均衡智能算法,提出黄河流域粮食生产、能源开发与水资源调配一体优化的布局方案。结果表明,通过水资源-能源-粮食协同优化,2030年增加流域供水量23.98亿m3;优化了流域粮食生产布局,人均粮食产量提高12%;优选了能源产业规模和结构,煤炭开采、石油加工和火电总装机分别增加了2.86倍、4.08倍和0.80倍;在满足生活、生态环境用水的同时实现了粮食增收、能源增产。 相似文献
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D.H. Loring S. Dahle K. Naes J. Dos Santos J.M. Skei G.G. Matishov 《Aquatic Geochemistry》1998,4(2):233-252
Major (Al and Fe), minor (Mn) andtrace (As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Li, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sb, Vand Zn) metals along with material of grain size<63 m, TOC and TN have been determined insediment grab and core samples from the Kara Sea, andthe Ob and Yenisey estuaries, Russia. Surprisingly,the levels of trace metals, with the exception of As,were much lower than was anticipated from speculativereports of extensive contamination in the Arcticmarine areas adjacent to the Siberian coastline ofRussia. Lithium normalization indicates that theabundance and distribution of the metals, with theexception of As and Mo, are controlled by theaccumulation of their fine grained aluminosilicatehost minerals at sites determined by hydrodynamicconditions in the Kara Sea and in the estuaries. Metallevels in the Kara Sea and the Ob and Yeniseyestuaries, except for some anomalous As, Cu and Nivalues, are close to natural baseline levels of otherEurasian Arctic shelf sediments. High levels of As,however, occur in surface and subsurface sediments.The accumulation of As, as well as Mo, can beattributed to the post-depositional diagenetic effectsof Fe-Mn cycling both at and near the sediment waterinterface. Subsurface As and Fe maxima and minimasuggest alternating oxic and anoxic water conditionsduring post-glacial rises in sea level. In contrast tothe results from the adjacent Pechora Sea, in the KaraSea there is no correlation between the levels of Asand radionuclides in the sediments. 相似文献