共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
Nowadays, GPS receivers are very reliable because of their good accuracy and precision; however, uncertainty is also inherent in geospatial data. Quality of GPS measurements can be influenced by atmospheric disturbances, multipathing, synchronization of clocks, satellite geometry, geographical features of the observed region, low broadcasting coverage, inadequate transmitting formats, or human or instrumental unknown errors. Assuming that the scenario and technical conditions that can influence the quality of GPS measurements are optimal, that functional and stochastic models that process the signals to a geodetic measurement are correct, and that all the GPS observables are taken in the same conditions, it is still possible to estimate the positional errors as the difference between the real coordinates and those measured by the GPS. In this paper, three spatial linear mixed models, one for each axis, are used for modelling real-time kinematic GPS accuracy and precision, of a multiple-reference-station network in dual-frequency with carrier phase measurements. Along the paper, the proposed models provide an estimate of the “accuracy” in terms of bias defined as the difference between real coordinates and measured coordinates after being processed and “precision” through the standard errors of the estimated differences. This is done using ten different transmitting formats. Mapping and quantifying these differences can be interesting for users and GPS professionals. The performance of these models is illustrated by mapping positional error estimates within the whole region of Navarre, Spain. Sampled data have been taken in 54 out of the 211 geodetic vertex points of this region. Maps show interesting error patterns depending on transmitting formats, the different axes, and the geographical characteristics of the region. Higher differences are found in regions with bad broadcasting coverage, due to the presence of mountains and high degree of humidity. 相似文献
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Tests have been performed to assess the utility of surface meteorological measurements for improved geodetic performance. Three types of a priori met data are considered: a default global, seasonal model; local met measurements collected at a subset of the test network; output values from a NOAA Forecast Systems Lab assimilation model. A variety of configurations for handling tropospheric parameters in the geodetic solutions is also considered. We find no geodetic advantage in using the measured met data under any test scenario. Differences among the three types of a priori information are generally insignificant, although biases can be introduced when some troposphere parameters are not adjusted. Even when using only a relatively small network (<100 km) the differences remain minor. When observing sessions are reduced from 24 h to 6 h the increased error due to measurement noise obscures all other effects except for the shortest baselines where some advantage may be achieved by not adjusting troposphere parameters for very close station pairs. 相似文献
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Athanasios Dermanis 《Journal of Geodesy》1985,59(3):247-274
A study of the role of coordinate frame definitions in the determination of crustal deformation parameters is first carried
out for the theoretical case where displacement information between two discrete time epochs is continuously available for
all area points. The obtained results are next applied to the realistic case where the required continuous information is
derived by means of an interpolation of the known coordinate variations at the points of a horizontal geodetic network.
The problem is different from the usual one of frame-invariant interpolation, since not only the domain of definition, but
also the interpolated quantities, depend on independent choices of coordinate frames.
Specific necessary and sufficient conditions for the invariance of derived crustal deformation parameters are given for linear
type of interpolations of either the coordinates at the second epoch or of the displacements.
With the help of the above conditions the invariance characteristics of two commonly used types of linear interpolations are
finally derived, in order to illustrate the practical significance of the results. 相似文献
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C. Kotsakis 《Journal of Geodesy》2013,87(7):661-673
The estimated coordinates from a minimum-constrained (MC) network adjustment are generally influenced by two different error sources, that is the data noise from the available measurements and the so-called datum noise due to random errors in the fiducial coordinates that are used for the datum definition with regard to an external reference frame. Although the latter source does not affect the estimable characteristics of a MC solution, it still contributes a datum-related noise to the estimated positions which reflects the uncertainty of the coordinate system itself for the adjusted network. The aim of this paper is to develop a new type of MCs which minimizes both of the aforementioned effects in the final coordinates of an adjusted network. This particular problem has not been treated in the geodetic literature and the solution which is presented herein offers an elegant unification of the classic inner constraints into a more general framework for the datum choice problem of network optimization theory. Furthermore, the findings of our study provide a useful and rigorous tool for frame densification problems by means of an optimal MC adjustment in geodetic networks. 相似文献
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从海底控制网设计、布设、测量、数据处理和海洋声速场构建几个方面介绍了海底控制网建设的现状。结合国家海洋战略需求和海洋大地测量技术发展,分析了现阶段海底控制网建设面临的问题:认为目前的海底网规模小,缺乏信息共享,功能单一;设计与布设原则未与控制网等级关联,多为定性描述,缺乏操作性;声速场精度和分辨率偏低;测量和数据处理仅考虑了海底控制点的定位问题,难以满足大区域、高精度海洋PNT（positioning, navigation, and timing）基准网建设需求。据此,利用海洋声道的远程通讯和测距定位能力,提出了建设联合北斗/GNSS（global navigation satellite system）定位和通信导航功能的通导遥一体化深远海PNT基准及服务网络的构想,针对该网络的功能和布放设计、高精度、高分辨率海洋声速场模型的构建、各类PNT基准点的测量和整体网平差处理、海底PNT基准点的自校准和自维护、覆盖水域的位置增强服务、目标和环境的遥测和感知服务等几个关键技术问题,提出了实施方法和设想,以期解决当前海洋控制网大区域建设面临的缺乏通讯、布网原则和测量方法不完善、功能单一等问题,为新一代高性能海洋大地测量及PNT导航定位服务网络的建设提供支撑。认为随着长距离布网优化设计、增强位置服务、精确授时和时间同步、远程通讯及网络功能的拓展和应用服务等难题的突破,所构想的网络体系必将引起海洋PNT建设的一次变革。 相似文献
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We perform extensive simulations in order to assess the accuracy with which the position of a radio transmitter on the surface of the Moon can be determined by geodetic VLBI. We study how the quality and quantity of geodetic VLBI observations influence these position estimates and investigate how observations of such near-field objects affect classical geodetic parameters like VLBI station coordinates and Earth rotation parameters. Our studies are based on today’s global geodetic VLBI schedules as well as on those designed for the next-generation geodetic VLBI system. We use Monte Carlo simulations including realistic stochastic models of troposphere, station clocks, and observational noise. Our results indicate that it is possible to position a radio transmitter on the Moon using today’s geodetic VLBI with a two-dimensional horizontal accuracy of better than one meter. Moreover, we show that the next-generation geodetic VLBI has the potential to improve the two-dimensional accuracy to better than 5 cm. Thus, our results lay the base for novel observing concepts to improve both lunar research and geodetic VLBI. 相似文献
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动态系统的抗差Kaliman滤波 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
离散历元的动态观测量及其相应的动态模型可能存在异常，若数据处理模型不考虑对这些异常的特别处理，则动态模型参数估值及其所提供的动态信息将极不可靠。基于贝叶斯统计和抗差估计原理，我们构造了一种抗差滤波算法。该算法考虑观测分布和参数验前分布均为污染分布。并利用一个实测网验算该算法和模型的可靠性。 相似文献
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Time-relative positioning is a recent method for processing GPS phase observations. The operational method undertaken in this
paper consists of the following steps: first, recording phase observations at a station of known coordinates; second, moving
the GPS receiver to an unknown station (which can be located up to a few hundred meters away, dependint on what type of transportation
– e. g., walking, motorcycle – is available) while continuously observing carrier phases; and, third, recording phase observations
at a second station of unknown coordinates with a single GPS receiver. To obtain the position of the unknown station relative
to the first (known) station, the processing method uses combined observations taken at two different epochs and two different
stations with the same receiver. For this reason, the errors that vary between two epochs must be taken into account in an
appropriate way, especially errors in satellite clock corrections and ephemerides, and errors related to tropospheric and
ionospheric delays. Ionospheric modeling using IONEX files (the ionospheric maps calculated by the International GPS Service)
was also tested to correct L1 phase observations. This method has been used to calculate short vectors with an accuracy of
a few centimeters (for a processing interval of 30 s) using a single civil GPS receiver. ? 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 相似文献
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By considering a deformable geodetic network, deforming in a linear-in-time mode, according to a coordinate-invariant model, it becomes possible to get an insight into the rank deficiency of the stacking procedure, which is the standard method for estimating initial station coordinates and constant velocities, from coordinate time series. Comparing any two out of the infinitely many least squares estimates of stacking unknowns (initial station coordinates, velocity components and transformation parameters for the reference system in each data epoch), it is proven that the two solutions differ only by a linear-in-time trend in the transformation parameters. These pass over to the initial coordinates (the constant term) and to the velocity estimates (the time coefficient part). While the difference in initial coordinates is equivalent to a change of the reference system at the initial epoch, the differences in velocity components do not comply with those predicted by the same change of reference system for all epochs. Consequently, the different velocity component estimates, obtained by introducing different sets of minimal constraints, correspond to physically different station velocities, which are therefore non-estimable quantities. The theoretical findings are numerically verified for a global, a regional and a local network, by obtaining solutions based on four different types of minimal constraints, three usual algebraic ones (inner or partial inner) and the lately introduced kinematic constraints. Finally, by resorting to the basic ideas of Felix Tisserand, it is explained why the station velocities are non-estimable quantities in a very natural way. The problem of the optimal choice of minimal constraints and, hence, of the corresponding spatio-temporal reference system is shortly discussed. 相似文献
13.
Robust estimation of geodetic datum transformation 总被引：18，自引：1，他引：17
Y. Yang 《Journal of Geodesy》1999,73(5):268-274
The robust estimation of geodetic datum transformation is discussed. The basic principle of robust estimation is introduced.
The error influence functions of the robust estimators, together with those of least-squares estimators, are given. Particular
attention is given to the robust initial estimates of the transformation parameters, which should have a high breakdown point
in order to provide reliable residuals for the following estimation. The median method is applied to solve for robust initial
estimates of transformation parameters since it has the highest breakdown point. A smooth weight function is then used to
improve the efficiency of the parameter estimates in successive iterative computations. A numerical example is given on a
datum transformation between a global positioning system network and the corresponding geodetic network in China. The results
show that when the coordinates are contaminated by outliers, the proposed method can still give reasonable results.
Received: 25 September 1997 / Accepted: 1 March 1999 相似文献
14.
魏子卿 《武汉大学学报(信息科学版)》2011,(8):883-886,922
论述了有关大地坐标系的几个问题,它们大都与国家大地坐标系有关;为了坐标系的维持与应用,提出2000中国大地坐标系应由至少2 000个国家级GNSS连续运行站和若干GNSS复测站的坐标和速度实现;认为大地参考架的更新周期取决于参考架的实现精度与具体应用的要求。为满足1∶1 000比例尺测图的需要,大地参考架的更新周期大约为30 a。同时还对"动态大地基准"的说法进行了评说。 相似文献
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GPS测量所提供的高程为相对于WGS-84椭球的GPS大地高,而我国使用的是正常高。大地高等于正常高与高程异常之和,要使GPS高程在工程实际中得到应用,必须先求出高程异常,进而获得正常高。结合GPS测量和水准测量资料,用神经网络方法和二次多项式曲面拟合方法拟合高程异常,对拟合精度进行了分析比较,得出了有实用价值的结论。 相似文献
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介绍了1∶50 000重力勘查中提高测地工作的新思路,提出了采用GPS-RTK方法,利用CORS网站测定重力测点点位3维坐标的作业方法、消除高程异常影响而建立似大地水准面模型的方法及建立DTM数字高程模型在计算机上进行地形改正方法等。 相似文献
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机载POS系统用于航空遥感直接对地目标定位的精度分析 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
利用实际航摄资料评价了WGS84和国家80坐标系下机载POS（position and orientation system）系统直接对地目标定位的精度，分析了不同大地水准面拟合方法对高程精度的影响，检校了POS系统的视准轴误差，讨论了检校场的检校结果。试验表明，基于POS系统的航空遥感直接对地目标定位至少需要利用带有1个平高地面控制点的检校场对POS系统进行检校才能消除系统误差；在WGS84坐标系中，可以获得较高的定位精度，而转换到国家80坐标系下，必须对高程进行大地水准面拟合改正。 相似文献
19.
This paper discusses methodological problems of accurate area determination in the cadaster. The paper contrasts the ambiguous legal definition of the parcel boundary and parcel area in relation to the theoretically well-defined geodetic parcel boundary and the geodetic parcel area on the reference ellipsoid. To align with the real world, parcel area must account for terrain elevation. Various approximate methods for area determination which can be used in the cadaster are tested. A highly accurate method for parcel area computation is proposed, based on an equal-area projection. Considering the geodetic parcel area as a reference, the achievable accuracy of different methods is evaluated. For this analysis, the coordinates of the parcel boundary points are treated as error-free. Finally, the relevance of various systematic errors is discussed in relation to the statistical uncertainty of the parcel area, which could be gained by an a real-time kinematic GNSS survey. A case study is presented for the territory of Slovenia, its georeferencing rules, land demarcation pattern, and characteristics of its topography. Based on the results of this study, some general recommendations for the parcel area determination are given. 相似文献
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株洲市基于CGCS2000的城市控制网升级改造,获取了株洲市2000国家大地坐标系的大地基准和原有城市控制点及升级改造后控制点的2000国家大地坐标,并通过了检测验收;改造升级了的株洲城市控制网,更新了株洲市控制网的1954坐标,建立了与2000国家大地坐标系、1980坐标的转换关系,实现了基于CZTCORS网络RTK技术的似大地水准面成果的应用. 相似文献