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1.
The tectonically active South Evvoikos Gulf forms the submerged part of a young basin produced by Neogene fragmentation of the Hellenides, so furnishing an opportunity to study the earliest stages of an extensional rift. Reflection profiles show three seismo-stratigraphic units: a thin Holocene unit A, a thick Late and Middle Pleistocene unit B, and a deformed Mesozoic-Cenozoic basal unit C. In the eastern Gulf, at least seven alternatingly stratified and acoustically transparent subunits are related to Pleistocene sea-level changes that episodically isolated the Gulf. Correlation with the global eustatic sea-level curve indicates that deposition in the Gulf, formed by southeastward divergence of its northern and southern boundary faults, began during the last million years. Subsequent glacio-eustatic sea-level changes superimposed major variations in depositional conditions on long-term subsidence. Lack of Pleistocene marine beds on the adjacent land implies that a high rate of subsidence confined lacustrine and marine deposition to the basin itself. 相似文献
2.
东海陆架盆地是建立西太平洋新生代海平面变化的关键地区。本文以层序地层和沉积体系分析为基础,利用微体古生物带化石资料,建立了东海陆架盆地第三系相对精度较高的年代地层格架。通过古生态分析、成因相及特征沉积构造分析和反射地震剖面的海岸上超分析,辅以地球化学参数变化研究,首次编制了东海陆架盆地第三纪海平面变化曲线。自第三纪以来,能识别的长周期二级旋回海平面变化4次,短周期三级旋回变化26次,相对海平面变化幅度在0-150m.分析发现海平面变化具有不对称性,即海侵作用速度大于海退作用速度。与Haq曲线对比也有较大的差异。 相似文献
3.
During the Triassic, the Thakkhola region of the Nepal Himalaya was part of the broad continental shelf of Gondwana facing a wide Eastern Tethys ocean. This margin was continuous from Arabia to Northwest Australia and spanned tropical and temperate latitudes.A compilation of Permian, Triassic and early Jurassic paleomagnetic data from the reconstructed Gondwana blocks indicates that the margin was progressively shifting northward into more tropical latitudes. The Thakkhola region was approximately 55° S during Late Permian, 40° S during Early Triassic, 30° S during Middle Triassic and 25° S during Late Triassic. This paleolatitude change produced a general increase in the relative importance of carbonate deposition through the Triassic on the Himalaya and Australian margins. Regional tectonics were important in governing local subsidence rates and influx of terrigenous clastics to these Gondwana margins; but eustatic sea-level changes provide a regional and global correlation of major marine transgressions, prograding margin deposits and shallowing-upward successions. A general mega-cycle characterizes the Triassic beginning with a major transgression at the base of the Triassic, followed by a general shallowing-upward of facies during Middle and Late Triassic, and climaxing with a regression in the latest Triassic. 相似文献
4.
ALFONSO BOSELLINI 《Sedimentology》1984,31(1):1-24
Various types of progradation of Triassic carbonate platforms are described from the Dolomites of the Southern Alps. The internal and external geometric relationships are exposed in spectacular natural sections and, moreover, their scale (500–1000 m of thickness) is such that they can be compared with features found in seismic profiles. The different types of progradation are controlled by a number of factors which, normally, interact with each other. These factors include: rate of basinal sedimentation, rate of subsidence, width of the platform, depth of the surrounding basin and eustatic variations of sea-level. Progradation is not a continuous process but episodic. Moments of massive debris input, during which the platform advances, alternate with long periods of negligible progradation, during which basinal sediments accrete and onlap the toe of slope. Upper boundary relationships of the prograding platforms include offlap, toplap and erosional truncation. Lower boundary relationships are horizontal, climbing and descending progradations. A variety of phenomena and circumstances have caused the cessation of progradation of the Triassic platforms. They include volcanism, collapse of margins, drowning (rapid relative rise of sea-level), subaerial exposure (relative fall of sea-level) and, probably, a natural decay of the system. In the Triassic of the Dolomites, two main progradation models can be put forward: in the Ladinian model, progradation took place simultaneously with aggradation (relative rise of sea-level), whereas the characteristic feature of the Carnian model is toplap (relative stillstand of sea-level). 相似文献
5.
全球海平面变化对古地理、古生物、古气候演化以及能源矿产分布具有重要的控制作用。然而,目前学界对深时海平面变化的驱动机制尚不清楚,部分归因于缺乏高精度全球海平面变化的恢复。文章回顾了全球海平面变化研究的起始与发展过程,归纳出五种类型的深时海平面变化重建方法和技术,即地层学、沉积学、洋盆动力学、同位素地球化学方法和大数据技术。并总结了上述研究方法的原理、优势和不足,并以白垩纪全球海平面重建为实例,讨论了当前深时全球海平面重建的难点和争议点,并对未来深时全球海平面变化重建进行了展望。 相似文献
6.
Alexander Simms Laura C. Reynolds Michael Bentz Angela Roman Thomas Rockwell Robert Peters 《Estuaries and Coasts》2016,39(6):1571-1581
Even along the generally uplifting coast of the Pacific US, local geologic structures can cause subsidence. In this study, we quantify Holocene-averaged subsidence rates in four estuaries (Carpinteria Slough, Goleta Slough, Campus Lagoon, and Morro Bay) along the southern and central California coast by comparing radiocarbon-dated estuarine material to a regional sea-level curve. Holocene-averaged rates of vertical motion range from subsidence of 1.4?±?2.4, 1.2±0.4, and 0.4?±?0.3 mm/year in Morro Bay, Carpinteria Slough, and Goleta Slough, respectively, to possible uplift in Campus Lagoon (?0.1?±?0.9 mm/year). The calculated rates of subsidence are of the same magnitude as rates of relative sea-level rise experienced over the late Holocene and effectively double the ongoing rates of relative sea-level rise experienced over the last five decades on other parts of the coast. The difference in rates of vertical motion among these four estuaries is attributed to their geological settings. Estuaries developed in subsiding geological structures such as synclines and fault-bounded basins are subsiding at much higher rates than those developed within flooded river valleys incised into marine terraces. Restoration projects accounting for future sea-level rise must consider the geologic setting of the estuaries and, if applicable, include subsidence in future sea-level rise scenarios, even along the tectonically uplifting US Pacific Coast. 相似文献
7.
Dmitry A. Ruban Clinton P. Conrad 《Proceedings of the Geologists' Association. Geologists' Association》2013
Long-term shoreline shifts reflect eustatic changes, tectonic activity, and sediment supply. Available lithostratigraphical data from northern Africa, Arabia, and the Tethys Hymalaya, coupled with facies interpretations, permit us to trace late Silurian–Middle Devonian long-term shoreline shifts across the northern Gondwanan margin and to compare them with constraints on global sea-level changes. Our analysis establishes a regression–transgression cycle. Its coincident global sea-level changes reveal the dominance of the eustatic control. A transgression–regression cycle observed in Arabia is best explained by regional subsidence. Our study highlights the importance of constraining the role of regional tectonics when interpreting shoreline shifts. 相似文献
8.
鄂东南地区早三叠世大冶群为一套以碳酸岩为主的地层。在发育较全的阳新龙港新屋铺剖面可以划分出10个岩性段。本文着重探讨早三叠世中、晚期的沉积相特征。早三叠世鄂东南地区为下扬子海域的一部分,推测早三叠世早期奉区与赣西北为统一的开放海,可能与分隔华北和扬子大陆的秦岭-大别山海域相连。沉积物以深水盆地相和陆棚相泥质页岩和灰岩为主,夹风暴成因的砾屑灰岩和重力流成因的碎屑灰岩。早三叠世中期,大别山、九岭山古陆成为局限盆地,发育潮坪、渴湖、障壁丘和鲕粒滩;晚期因周期性的海平面变化导致形成局限浅水盆地、蒸发岩沉积和深水盆地泥岩和重力流沉积。这些变化与Haq等人(1988)提出的全球海平面变化曲线相吻合。 相似文献
9.
Sequence stratigraphy in marine foredeep and thrust-top basins is controlled by the conventional variations in eustatic sea-level and sedimentation rate together with tectonics. Vertical motions reflect combinations of subsidence due to regional flexure and uplift on local thrust anticlines which act to modify the volume and shape of accommodation space together with syn-depositional slopes. Plio-Pleistocene successions on Sicily were deposited in thrust-top and foredeep basins, above and ahead of evolving structures of the Maghrebian fold and thrust belt. Collectively the sediments represent a single megasequence defined at its base by a maximum flooding surface of earliest Pliocene age following reconnection with global sea-level at the end of the Messinian. The internal stratigraphy of this megasequence consists of Trubi chalks, blue marls and a coastal calcarenite package with subordinate silciclastic sand. Plankton biostratigraphy allows these facies to be placed in a chronostratigraphic framework. Regionally the upper assemblage progrades away from the orogenic hinterland, recording a tectonically forced regression in response to regional uplift from late Pliocene times. This uplift may be associated with isostatic unloading in the orogenic hinterland due to tectonic collapse of the more internal thrust sheets. Prior to this, flexure from orogenic loading is inferred to have been sufficient for regional subsidence locally to outstrip uplift associated with the growth of some thrust structures. For shallow-water facies the competition between thrust-related uplift and flexural subsidence can be investigated from the stacking patterns of parasequence sets. For structures developed at greater palaeobathymetries receiving fine-grained pelagic sediment, active tectonics may be recognized from depositional hiatuses. 相似文献
10.
陈中强 《沉积与特提斯地质》1995,(3):34-39
本文根据华南层序地层学分析，着重研究了晚二叠世的淹没事件。研究表明，晚二叠世海平面变化曲线不同于Ｃ．Ａ．Ｒｏｓｓ和Ｊ．Ｒ．Ｒｏｓｓ（１９８７）的海平面变化曲线。根据华南地区和世界其它地区的古生物分析和层序地层分析，晚二叠世海平面变化结论如下：（１）二叠纪末期，全球发生海泛淹没事件，海平面急剧上升，而不是下降；（２）晚二叠世晚期的海进开始于吴家坪末期，至长兴期末期（二叠纪末期）达到高峰时期。 相似文献
11.
晚三叠-中侏罗世华南陆缘发生多期海侵-海退旋回.元素地球化学特征指示的古盐度高低和古水深深浅记录了海平面的相对升降.华南陆缘存在3个级别的海平面变化.其中, Ⅲ级海平面波动频繁, 由晚三叠世3次波动、早侏罗世4次波动和早、中侏罗世2次波动构成了此间大规模海侵-海退旋回.华南陆缘Ⅰ级海平面相对升降曲线与全球海平面长周期曲线, 在诺利克阶早期-辛涅缪尔阶晚期变化同步, 在辛涅缪尔阶晚期-阿连阶变化相悖.Ⅲ级海平面相对升降曲线与全球海平面短周期曲线, 在瑞替阶-辛涅缪尔阶晚期同发生4次波动, 时间上近乎同步.Sr/Cu值指示的元素迁移与富集反映了气候的温湿与干热.粤中-粤东地区晚三叠-早、中侏罗世经历了温湿-干热-温湿的气候变化. 相似文献
12.
《Quaternary Science Reviews》2007,26(19-21):2463-2486
We provide new data on relative sea-level change from the late Holocene for two locations in the central Mediterranean: Sardinia and NE Adriatico. They are based on precise measures of submerged archaeological and tide notch markers that are good indicators of past sea-level elevation. Twelve submerged archaeological sites were studied: six, aged between 2.5 and 1.6 ka BP, located along the Sardinia coast, and a further six, dated ∼2.0 ka BP, located along the NE Adriatic coast (Italy, Slovenia and Croatia). For Sardinia, we also use beach rock and core data that can be related to Holocene sea level. The elevations of selected significant archaeological markers were measured with respect to the present sea level, applying corrections for tide and atmospheric pressure values at the time of surveys. The interpretation of the functional heights related to sea level at the time of their construction provides data on the relative changes between land and sea; these data are compared with predictions derived from a new glacio–hydro-isostatic model associated with the Last Glacial cycle. Sardinia is tectonically relatively stable and we use the sea-level data from this island to calibrate our models for eustatic and glacio–hydro-isostatic change. The results are consistent with those from another tectonically stable site, the Versilia Plain of Italy. The northeast Adriatic (Italy, Slovenia and Croatia) is an area of subsidence and we use the calibrated model results to separate out the isostatic from the tectonic contributions. This indicates that the Adriatic coast from the Gulf of Trieste to the southern end of Istria has tectonically subsided by ∼1.5 m since Roman times. 相似文献
13.
In deltas, subsidence leads to a relative sea-level rise (RSLR) that is often much greater than eustatic rise alone. Because of high RSLR, deltaic wetlands will be affected early by an acceleration of eustatic sea-level rise. If there is sufficient vertical accretion, wetlands can continue to exist with RSLR; however, lack of sediment input eventually leads to excessive water logging and plant death. Areas with low tidal range, such as the Mediterranean and Gulf of Mexico, are especially vulnerable to rising water levels because the elevational growth range of coastal vegetation is related to tide range. Reduction of suspended sediments in rivers and prevention of wetland flooding by river dikes and impoundments have reduced sediment input to Mediterranean and Gulf of Mexico deltaic wetlands. This sediment deficit will become more important with an acceleration in sea-level rise from global warming. Most sediment input occurs during strong pulsing events such as river floods and storms, and management policies and decisions are especially designed to protect against such events. Management approaches must be reoriented to take advantage of pulsing events to nourish marsh surfaces with sediments. We hypothesize that deltas can be managed to withstand significant rates of sea-level rise by taking advantage of pulsing events leading to high sediment input, and that this type of management approach will enhance ecosystem functioning. 相似文献
14.
克拉通边缘前陆盆地动力层序地层学 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：5
通过近几年对层序地层学的深入研究，尤其是对上扬子地台西缘中三叠世拉丁期末和晚三叠世卡尼期周缘前陆盆地层序地层学的研究，提出了动力层序地层学，将边缘前陆盆地由盆缘逆冲断块向克拉通稳定边缘分为Ａ区带和Ｂ区带。 相似文献
15.
相对海平面变化与南海珠江深水扇系统的响应 总被引：41，自引：2，他引：39
根据微体古生物分析建立起来的珠江口盆地第三系相对海平面曲线,具有与全球海平面变化相一致的三级旋回和不一致的二级旋回。三级海平面升降导致了各沉积层序体系域在宽广陆架和陆坡之间的迁移,研究证实,位于南中国海北缘、珠江口外的陆坡深水区广泛发育第三系多层序叠置的南海珠江深水扇系统。区域性构造作用使得珠江口盆地二级海平面变化与全球海平面变化具有不一致性,并形成与全球海退趋势相反的海侵型海平面曲线。受相对海平面变化的控制,现今处于陆坡深水区的白云凹陷自32Ma南海扩张以来经历了三台阶式的海侵事件,形成了台阶式退积层序组合,具有下粗上细的沉积序列;造就了23.8Ma以前的浅水三角洲-滨岸砂泥岩沉积组合;23.8~10.5Ma的深水扇砂泥岩为主的沉积组合;以及10.5Ma以来主要为远端的细粒沉积为主。 相似文献
16.
This paper presents examples of various large tidal sandbodies from the Eocene Roda Sandstone in the southern Pyrenees and the Late Pleistocene and Early Holocene in the East China Sea. An attempt is made to summarize the geometric variability of these large tidal sandbodies in relation to the sediment supply and tidal discharge of the depositional system. Transverse sand bars were developed in low-sinuosity, high-gradient channels with high influxes of coarse sediments and water from fluvial systems. Tidal point bars were formed in meandering low-gradient estuarine channel where tidal influence was stronger and sediment was finer than those of the transverse sand bar. A tidal delta complex was built up at the estuary mouth with an abundant sediment supply and an increased tidal discharge. Tidal sand ridges were formed when relict fluvial or deltaic sands were eroded and reworked by strong tidal currents during subsequent sea-level rise.
Since the sediment supply and the tidal discharge of the depositional system were closely related to the eustatic sea-level change and basin subsidence, i.e. the relative sea-level change, special attention will be given to the relationship between geometric variability of tidal sandbodies and the sequence stratigraphic framework in which various sandbodies occurred. Three orders of eustatic sea-level fluctuations can be recognized. The third-order eustatic sea-level cycle, together with basin subsidence, controlled the development of systems tracts and the occurrence of different tidal sandbodies, such as estuary and tidal flat facies during the late stage of a LSW systems tract (type 1 sequence) or a SM systems tract (type 2 sequence); tidal point bar facies, tidal delta facies or tidal sand-ridge facies during a TR systems tract; estuary facies during an early HS systems tract; and fluvial sand bar facies in a late HS systems tract and the early stage of a SM or LSW systems tract. There are also the fourth-order and fifth-order eustatic fluctuations, which are superimposed on the third-order eustatic changes and have important control on the build-up, abandonment and preservation of composite and single tidal sandbodies, respectively.
Since the deposition of tidal sandbodies is very sensitive to eustatic sea-level changes, recognition of various tidal sandbodies is important in sequence stratigraphy analyses of sedimentary basins and in the facies prediction of clastic sediments in basin modelling. 相似文献
17.
《Journal of African Earth Sciences》2005,41(1-2):119-143
The Middle Triassic–Lower Cretaceous (pre-Late Albian) succession of Arif El-Naga anticline comprises various distinctive facies and environments that are connected with eustatic relative sea-level changes, local/regional tectonism, variable sediment influx and base-level changes. It displays six unconformity-bounded depositional sequences. The Triassic deposits are divided into a lower clastic facies (early Middle Triassic sequence) and an upper carbonate unit (late Middle- and latest Middle/early Late Triassic sequences). The early Middle Triassic sequence consists of sandstone with shale/mudstone interbeds that formed under variable regimes, ranging from braided fluvial, lower shoreface to beach foreshore. The marine part of this sequence marks retrogradational and progradational parasequences of transgressive- and highstand systems tract deposits respectively. Deposition has taken place under warm semi-arid climate and a steady supply of clastics. The late Middle- and latest Middle/early Late Triassic sequences are carbonate facies developed on an extensive shallow marine shelf under dry-warm climate. The late Middle Triassic sequence includes retrogradational shallow subtidal oyster rudstone and progradational lower intertidal lime-mudstone parasequences that define the transgressive- and highstand systems tracts respectively. It terminates with upper intertidal oncolitic packstone with bored upper surface. The next latest Middle/early Late Triassic sequence is marked by lime-mudstone, packstone/grainstone and algal stromatolitic bindstone with minor shale/mudstone. These lower intertidal/shallow subtidal deposits of a transgressive-systems tract are followed upward by progradational highstand lower intertidal lime-mudstone deposits. The overlying Jurassic deposits encompass two different sequences. The Lower Jurassic sequence is made up of intercalating lower intertidal lime-mudstone and wave-dominated beach foreshore sandstone which formed during a short period of rising sea-level with a relative increase in clastic supply. The Middle-Upper Jurassic sequence is represented by cycles of cross-bedded sandstone topped with thin mudstone that accumulated by northerly flowing braided-streams accompanying regional uplift of the Arabo–Nubian shield. It is succeeded by another regressive fluvial sequence of Early Cretaceous age due to a major eustatic sea-level fall. The Lower Cretaceous sequence is dominated by sandy braided-river deposits with minor overbank fines and basal debris flow conglomerate. 相似文献
18.
David Uli&#;ný 《Sedimentology》1999,46(5):807-836
The Dakota Formation in southern Utah (Kaiparowits Plateau region) is a succession of fluvial through shallow-marine facies formed during the initial phase of filling of the Cretaceous foreland basin of the Sevier orogen. It records a number of relative sea-level fluctuations of different frequency and magnitude, controlled by both tectonic and eustatic processes during the Early to Late Cenomanian. The Dakota Formation is divided into eight units separated by regionally correlatable surfaces that formed in response to relative sea-level fluctuations. Units 1–6B represent, from bottom to top, valley-filling deposits of braided streams (unit 1), alluvial plain with anastomosed to meandering streams (2), tide-influenced fluvial and tide-dominated estuarine systems (3A and 3B), offshore to wave-dominated shoreface (4, 5 and 6A) and an estuarine incised valley fill (6A and 6B). The onset of flexural subsidence and deposition in the foredeep was preceded by eastward tilting of the basement strata, probably caused by forebulge migration during the Early Cretaceous, which resulted in the incision of a westward-deepening predepositional relief. The basal fluvial deposits of the Dakota Formation, filling the relief, reflect the onset of flexural subsidence and, possibly, a eustatic sea-level rise. Throughout the deposition of the Dakota Formation, flexure controlled the long-term, regional subsidence rate. Locally, reactivation of basement faults caused additional subsidence or minor uplift. Owing to a generally low subsidence rate, differential compaction locally influenced the degree of preservation of the Dakota units. Eustasy is believed to have been the main control on the high-frequency relative sea-level changes recorded in the Dakota. All surfaces that separate individual Dakota units are flooding surfaces, most of which are superimposed on sequence boundaries. Therefore, with the exception of unit 6B and, possibly, 3B, most of the Dakota units are interpreted as depositional sequences. Fluvial strata of units 1 and 2 are interpreted as low-frequency sequences; the coal zones at the base and within unit 2 may represent a response to higher frequency flooding events. Units 3A to 6B are interpreted as having formed in response to high-frequency relative sea-level fluctuations. Shallow-marine units 4, 5 and 6A, interpreted as parasequences by earlier authors, can be divided into facies-based systems tracts and show signs of subaerial exposure at their boundaries, which allows interpretation as high-frequency sequences. In general, the Dakota units are good examples of high-frequency sequences that can be misinterpreted as parasequences, especially in distal facies or in places where signs of subaerial erosion are missing or have been removed by subsequent transgressive erosion. Both low- and high-frequency sequences represented by the Dakota units are stacked in an overall retrogradational pattern, which reflects a long-term relative sea-level rise, punctuated by brief periods of relative sea-level fall. There is a relatively major fall near the end of the M. mosbyense Zone, whereas the base of the Tropic shale is characterized by a major flooding event at the base of the S. gracile Zone. A similar record of Cenomanian relative sea-level change in other regions, e.g. Europe or northern Africa, suggests that both high- and low-frequency relative sea-level changes were governed by eustasy. The high-frequency relative sea-level fluctuations of ≈100 kyr periodicity and ≈10–20 m magnitude, similar to those recorded in other Cenomanian successions in North America and Central Europe, were probably related to Milankovitch-band, climate-driven eustasy. Either minor glacioeustatic fluctuations, superimposed on the overall greenhouse climate of the mid-Cretaceous, or mechanisms, such as the fluctuations in groundwater volume on continents or thermal expansion and contraction of sea water, could have controlled the high-frequency eustatic fluctuations. 相似文献
19.
笔者运用现代沉积学和层序地层学理论，对陕西镇安西口地区二叠系-三叠系的主要不整合面和地质体的岩相岩石组合特征及空间展布规律进行调查，在此基础上并依据前人研究资料，将区内二叠系-三叠系划分为4个层序单位，进而对单位内的体系域系统进行了划分和研究，建立了该地区地层格架与地层模型。通过研究认为，4次大幅度海平面变化及区域构造沉降作用是形成4个Ⅱ型不整合面的根本原因。该地区自晚二叠世，在不同阶段的盆地演化过程中，皆继承了西浅东深的古地理格局，此项研究成果为在构造活动地带相对稳定地区进行地层格架与地层模型提供了范例。 相似文献
20.
MARIA JENSEN EILIV LARSEN IGOR N. DEMIDOV SVEND FUNDER KURT H. KJæR 《Boreas: An International Journal of Quaternary Research》2006,35(3):521-538
Deposits from a Middle Weichselian transgression, the Mezen Transgression, are found in coastal sections in the Mezen and Chyorskaya Bays, northwestern Russia. The marine event is bracketed between two ice advances from the Barents and Kara Sea shelves and dated by Optically Stimulated Luminescence (OSL) to around 60 kyr BP. The deposits represent a shallowing upward succession from offshore marine to intertidal coastal environments. Relative sea-level maximum was at least 40 m above the present owing to significant isostatic subsidence. The sedimentary record is dominated by shallow-marine, subtidal deposits bounded below by an erosion surface representing a downward shift in facies and above by subaerial exposure. The succession reflects deposition during forced regression due to isostatic uplift. A rapidly aggrading succession of subtidal deposits at one site suggests a relative sea-level rise or stillstand superimposed on the isostatically controlled sea-level fall. The rhythmic tidal deposits allow identification of semi-monthly to yearly cycles, providing an estimate of the sedimentation rate of 39 cm/year. This implies a high sediment yield and a rapid relative sea-level rise. We correlate this signal with the rapid eustatic sea-level rise at the end of OIS 4 known from deep-sea records. 相似文献