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1.
汶川地震后,地震灾区泥石流具有暴发临界雨量小,规模大,危险性高的特点。在考虑降雨和地震作用下,采用灰色关联法分析北川县72条泥石流沟的泥石流规模、流域面积、主沟长度、流域相对高差、流域切割密度、不稳定沟床比、年均降雨量和地震烈度8个影响因子的权重,在此基础上建立震区泥石流危险性评价模型并进一步对其进行危险性评价。结果表明:影响因子中,年均降雨量和地震烈度所占权重最大; 运用本文模型得到的评价结果与刘希林模型基本一致,但危险度值相对提高,其中有7条泥石流沟危险度提高一个等级。 相似文献
2.
武都区北山泥石流灾害发育,对城区安全构成严重威胁。本文选取泥石流规模及发生频率作为主要因子,沟谷流域面积、主沟长度、流域相对高差、流域切割密度、泥沙补给长度比作为次要因子,采用理想点法对武都区北山7条泥石流沟进行了危险度评价。评价结果表明:研究区泥石流沟属低度危险-中度危险,与单沟泥石流危险度评价方法的结论基本吻合,符合实际情况,验证了该方法具有合理性及可靠性,为泥石流危险度评价提供了一种新的思路,同时也为研究区泥石流灾害的防治提供了科学依据和参考。 相似文献
3.
加权距离判别法在泥石流危险度评价中的应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
将加权距离判别法引用到泥石流危险度分类中,建立了泥石流危险度分类模型。该模型选用了流域面积、主沟长度、流域最大相对高差、流域切割密度、主沟床弯曲系数、人口密度、泥沙补给长度比、植被覆盖率、一次泥石流（可能）最大冲出量和泥石流发生频率10项指标为建模参数,运用熵值法对这10个指标进行赋权,用已经分类的泥石流沟作为训练样本进行学习,建立了相应的判别准则。将待判泥石流沟样本代入判别准则进行判别分类,分类结果与传统分类结果100%吻合,验证了该模型的分类性能良好。该方法可以在实际工程中进行推广。 相似文献
4.
泥石流危险度的划分是泥石流研究中的重点与难点,泥石流危险度的确定对于泥石流整体特征的把握具有十分重要的作用。采用熵值-理想点法建立了泥石流危险度划分模型,选取流域面积、主沟长度与泥石流沟相对最大高差等10个评价指标。利用现场3条泥石流沟作为工程评价对象,通过熵值法确定各评价指标的权重系数,并采用理想点法进行泥石流危险度的划分研究。根据模型分析结果,泥石流沟2与3属于高危险度(贴近度为0.79与0.83),泥石流沟1属于中危险度(贴近度为0.82)。泥石流危险度与现场情况及已有研究资料基本一致,证明了该法在泥石流危险度划分中的合理性与有效性。 相似文献
5.
层次分析法在单沟泥石流危险度评价中的应用 总被引：28，自引：0，他引：28
单沟泥石流危险度评价是泥石流危险性评价中的重要内容,对实现山区的安全减灾有着重要意义。文章从系统理论出发,运用层次分析法(AHP)对影响泥石流沟谷危险度的相关因子进行分析,构建单沟泥石流危险度评价的层次指标系统,并对各参与评价因子的权重作了计算,建立起单沟泥石流危险度评价模型。通过对泥石流沟的实例验证,评价结果与实际情况有较好的一致性。该方法将定量与定性相结合,能很好地解决泥石流危险度综合评价问题,对提高泥石流危险度评价的可靠性、准确性及客观性有一定的实践意义。 相似文献
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泥石流堆积物作为泥石流发育最终的产物,含有大量与泥石流发生过程和发育特征相关的信息,能够反映泥石流灾害程度和活动强度。研究表明,泥石流堆积物颗粒具有明显的自相似性和无标度区间,运用分形理论,计算泥石流堆积物颗粒分布的分维数。分析分维数与主沟长度、泥砂补给段长度比、主沟平均比降、流域最大相对高差和松散物源量的关系,结果表明分维数与各因素之间存在较强的非线性响应关系。以乌东德库区泥石流实测数据为例,以上述的5个因素作为输入单元,建立了泥石流堆积物分维数支持向量机预测模型,并对分维数进行了预测,其预测结果的最大误差为1.25%,说明预测值与实测值吻合度较高。综合表明支持向量机预测模型能够较好地模拟和泛化数据,是一种行之有效的泥石流堆积物分形维数预测方法,可用于不具备筛析条件的泥石流堆积物粒度分布特征的预测与研究,进而可为研究泥石流的形成机理、类型、危险度和堆积物的形成演化特征及物理力学性质提供一个新思路。 相似文献
8.
基于彭阳县丁家渠泥石流前期调查测绘,查明了泥石流的发育特征,分析了泥石流的形成条件,并对其易发程度进行打分综合评判,得出:该泥石流为沟谷降雨诱发型泥石流,易发程度为中等易发,目前正处于衰退期。构建了包括泥石流规模、发生频率、沟谷流域面积、主沟长度、流域相对高差、流域切割密度及不稳定沟床比例等7个指标的单沟泥石流危险度评价指标体系,采用关联度分析与层次分析法相结合的最优组合赋权法对函数赋值模型中的权重进行修正,并运用该模型对丁家渠泥石流进行危险度计算,为了验证该模型在研究区泥石流危险度评价的准确性,同时采用模糊综合评判法进行危险度计算,两种方法得出的危险度等级均为低度危险,与实地调查结果相符。 更多还原 相似文献
9.
2014年8月云南省鲁甸县发生6.5级地震,位于震源中心地带的甘沟流域受地震影响,诱发大量次生地质灾害,流域内松散堆积物质增加,泥石流灾害的潜在危险增大,对沟口集镇造成威胁。本文基于对甘沟流域野外实地调查,综合考虑降雨对震后泥石流的影响,选取泥石流规模、流域面积、日最大降雨量、主沟长度、相对高差、流域切割密度、不稳定沟床比等7个评价因子,通过调整分辨系数为0.227 2的灰色关联法确定其客观权重,并在此基础上采用多因素综合评价方法计算泥石流危险度,对其进行危险性定量评价。结果表明,震后甘沟流域泥石流危险性属中度危险,诱发中等规模泥石流的可能性较大。 相似文献
10.
四川省都江堰市龙池地区泥石流危险性评价研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
汶川地震灾区震后泥石流灾害较震前活跃,对灾区泥石流危险性进行评价是灾后重建过程中合理防灾减灾的基础工作。通过研究泥石流灾害事件中的泥石流规模、泥石流沟堆积扇面积及相应的灾害损失等基础资料,提出以泥石流在泥石流沟堆积扇上的平均堆积厚度替代泥石流规模作为主要危险因子的单沟泥石流危险性评价方法。用该方法对汶川震区都江堰市龙池镇龙溪河流域2010年"8.13"泥石流事件中的29条沟谷型泥石流进行危险性评价,评价结果中9条为高度危险,12条为中度危险,8条为低度危险。用以泥石流规模为主要危险因子的单沟泥石流危险性评价方法进行对比评价,2种评价方法中有65.5%的泥石流的危险性评价结果一致。以泥石流沟堆积扇平均堆积厚度为主要危险因子的单沟泥石流危险性评价方法更能突出规模对泥石流综合危险度的贡献,能更好地反映小泥石流流域和小泥石流堆积扇的泥石流在中小规模的泥石流总量下的危险程度。 相似文献
11.
Emily Keeble David I. Whiteside Michael J. Benton 《Proceedings of the Geologists' Association. Geologists' Association》2018,129(2):99-119
Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco. 相似文献
12.
Gilles Serge Odin 《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2002,334(6):409-414
Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414. 相似文献
13.
The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H2O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H2O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species. 相似文献
14.
Emmanuel Skourtsos Daniel Vachard Alexandra Zambetakis-Lekkas Rossana Martini Louisette Zaninetti 《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2002,334(12):925-931
Some olistolites reworked in a Tertiary flysch of Mount Parnon (Peloponnesus, Greece) exhibit a Late Permian assemblage, dominated by Paradunbarula (Shindella) shindensis, Hemigordiopsis cf. luquensis and Colaniella aff. minima. This association corresponds to the Late Wuchiapingian (=Late Dzhulfian), a substage whose algae and foraminifera are generally little known. Contemporaneous limestones crop out in the middle part of the Episkopi Formation in Hydra, but they are rather commonly reworked in Mesozoic and Cainozoic sequences. The palaeobiogeographical affinities shared by the foraminiferal markers of Greece, southeastern Pamir, and southern China, are very strong (up to the specific level), and are congruent with the Pangea B reconstructions. To cite this article: E. Skourtsos et al., C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 925–931. 相似文献
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正20141596 Liu Yunhuan(School of Earth Sciences and Resources,Chang’an University,Xi’an 710054,China);Shao Tiequan Early Cambrian Quadrapyrgites Fossils of Xixiang Boita in Southern Shaanxi Province(Journal of Earth Sciences and Environment,ISSN1672-6561,CN61-1423/P,35(3),2013,p.39-43,3 illus.,20 refs.) 相似文献
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正20141719 Chen Zhijun(State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources,China University of Geosciences,Wuhan 430074,China);Chen Jianguo Automated Batch Mapping Solution for Serial Maps:A Case Study of Exploration Geochemistry Maps(Journal of Geology,ISSN1674-3636,CN32-1796/P,37(3),2013,p.456-464,2 illus.,2 tables,10 refs.) 相似文献
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正20140962 Chen Fenning(Xi’an Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources,Xi’an710054,China);Chen Ruiming Late Miocene-Early Pleistocene Ostracoda Fauna of Gyirong Basin,Southern Tibet(Acta Geologica Sinica,ISSN0001-5717,CN11-1951/P,87(6),2013,p.872-886,6illus.,56refs.) 相似文献
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正1.IGNEOUS PETROLOGY20142008Cai Jinhui(Wuhan Center,China Geological Survey,Wuhan 430205,China);Liu Wei Zircon U-Pb Geochronology and Mineralization Significance of Granodiorites from Fuzichong Pb-Zn Deposit,Guangxi,South China(Geology and Mineral Resources of South China,ISSN1007-3701,CN42-1417/P,29(4),2013,p.271-281,7illus., 相似文献
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正20141205Cheng Weiming(State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System,Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,CAS,Beijing 100101,China);Xia Yao Regional Hazard Assessment of Disaster Environment for Debris Flows:Taking Jundu Mountain,Beijing as an 相似文献
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正20141266Fan Chaoyan(Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources and Geological Processes,Guangzhou 510275,China);Wang Zhenghai On Error Analysis and Correction Method of Measured Strata Section with Wire Projection Method(Journal of 相似文献