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1.
Field surveys in the Belgian loess belt revealed the presence in many forested areas of large, permanent gully systems, most of which are currently inactive. In cultivated areas, such gullies can only be observed in cross-sectional soil profiles through hollows, as virtually all such large gullies are currently infilled with colluvium. Little is known about the spatial distribution, initiation and temporal evolution of these large, permanent gully systems on loess-derived soils. Therefore, the medium-term evolution of a gully initiated in a cultivated area on loess-derived soils southwest of Leuven (Belgium) in May–June 1986, was studied over 13 years. Two intense rainfall events created this (ephemeral) gully, which was not erased by subsequent tillage. Between June 1986 and the December 1999, eight field surveys were conducted to measure gully dimensions. During two surveys, topographic indices (e.g., slope and drainage area) were also measured. Daily rainfall for the measuring period were obtained from a rainfall station located some 10 km southwest of the gully. Analysis of rainfall data showed that no extreme rainfall event was required to initiate such large (permanent) gullies, as observed in forested areas and through cross-sectional profiles in cultivated fields in the Belgian loess belt. Return periods of the event that caused the gully varied between <1 year and 25 years, depending on the assumptions used for defining event rain intensity. Once established, length, surface area and volume of the studied gully evolved with time, cumulative rainfall or cumulative runoff, following a negative exponential relation. This accords with observations reported for gullies in Australia and the USA. This study shows that a degressive increase of gully extension, can be largely explained by the evolution of a “slope–drainage area” factor (S×A, which is proportional to stream power) with time. While gully length and gully surface area asymptotically evolve towards a final value, gully volume decreased at a given point in time. From this, it is inferred that sediment deposition will potentially infill the gully to such an extent that the farmer can drive across it. From this moment on, the combined effect of water and tillage erosion in the gully drainage area, will lead towards rapid infilling. This expected evolution of a gully in cultivated fields accords with observations of large infilled gully systems in cultivated areas in eastern Belgium. The permanent gullies observed under forest are attributed to the fact that after severe gully erosion, this area was reforested or abandoned. Therefore, the sediment source was cut off and the gully was not filled in by sediment deposition. 相似文献
2.
典型黑土区小流域浅沟侵蚀季节差异分析 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
通过2005年对黑龙江鹤山农场两个小流域进行定位观测,研究了典型黑土区浅沟侵蚀特征及其季节差异,并对作物类型和耕作措施对浅沟侵蚀的影响进行了分析。结果表明,两流域年浅沟侵蚀量达285.9 m3 km-2和290.8 m3 km-2,仅浅沟侵蚀量就超过了黑土区的土壤允许侵蚀量。浅沟侵蚀量呈现出沿坡面波动的变化,沿坡面向下存在浅沟侵蚀的强弱交替带。春夏浅沟侵蚀在侵蚀强度、浅沟形态及主要影响因素3个方面存在差异,春季浅沟侵蚀受融雪、冻融影响显著,侵蚀较夏季严重;与春季相比,夏季浅沟长度变短、宽度变大、深度变浅,浅沟体积与长度的相关性较春季差,这与夏季暴雨历时短、雨强大以及植被盖度大有关。耕作措施和作物类型影响浅沟侵蚀深度和浅沟分布,尤其在夏季比较明显。 相似文献
3.
Development of gullies and sediment production in the black soil region of northeastern China 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
Yongqiu Wu Qiuhong Zheng Yongguang Zhang Baoyuan Liu Hong Cheng Yanzai Wang 《Geomorphology》2008,101(4):683-691
Gully erosion is an important environmental hazard in the black soil region of northeastern China. It is a primary sediment source in the region which needs appropriate soil conservation practices. Gully incision in rolling hills typical of this region was monitored using real-time kinematic GPS to assess the rates of gully development and the resultant sediment production. From 2002 to 2005, gully heads in the study area retreated between 15.4 and 33.5 m, giving an average retreat rate of 8.4 m yr− 1. Field measurements showed that total sediment production due to gully erosion during the three years ranged between 257 and 1854 m3 yr− 1, which is equivalent to 326 to 2355 t yr− 1, with gully-head retreat accounting for 0 to 21.7% (4.4% in average). The sediment delivery ratio was especially high during the summer rainy season (56% in average). Sediment production by ephemeral gullies and permanent gullies was 1.5 times greater than that from surface erosion. Gully heads retreated faster in the spring freeze–thaw period than in the summer. The stage of gully development could be identified based on short-term changes in the gully erosion rate. 相似文献
4.
Spatial distribution and morphologic characteristics of gullies in the Black Soil Region of Northeast China: Hebei watershed 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
Gully erosion in the Black Soil Region of China has posed a threat to food security. This study aimed to determine the spatial distribution and morphologic characteristics of gullies in the region and their topographic thresholds. A 28 km2 watershed was surveyed and 117 gullies measured. The results showed that: (1) Gullies were distributed equally on both hillslope and valley floor positions, with a total gully density of .66 km/km2. (2) The mean depth, width, and cross-sectional area of gullies were .74 m, 2.39 m, and 2.43 m2, respectively. These characteristics varied among gullies according to their topographic positions and slope gradients. Individual gully volume (V) was well predicted from gully length (L) by V = 2.08L0.96 (r2 = .66). Total gully volume (V) of each sub-watershed was predicted from mean slope gradient (S) and drainage area (A) as V = 275800S ? 8600A (r2 = .73). (3) Gully erosion was more serious in steeper sub-watersheds and steeper hillslope positions. Gullies were wider in regions with relatively larger drainage areas, except for those developed in the main valley. The topographic threshold for gully initiation was S = .10A?0.34, which indicated gully erosion was dominated by surface runoff. (4) Human activities, such as road construction, played a significant role in gully erosion. 相似文献
5.
东北漫岗黑土区切沟侵蚀发育特征 总被引：14，自引：0，他引：14
随着人们对土壤侵蚀空间尺度认识的加深, 发育在更大空间尺度上的切沟愈来愈受到重视。切沟是土壤侵蚀的重要组成部分, 但现有的土壤侵蚀模型尚未包括切沟侵蚀部分。本研究利用高精度差分GPS, 在对东北典型漫岗黑土区切沟监测的基础上, 借助GIS 平台生成DEM, 通过DEM 的叠加分析, 探讨了沟内蚀积变化特征。并在此基础上, 提出了东北切沟侵蚀的概念模型, 认为冬春季冻融侵蚀产生沟内堆积-雨季径流产生侵蚀的过程可能是该区切沟发育的一种重要模式。 相似文献
6.
东北漫岗黑土区春季冻融期浅沟侵蚀 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
浅沟侵蚀是东北漫岗黑土区农耕地上常见的水蚀类型,往往对坡耕地造成严重的破坏。2005年春季,通过对两个小流域浅沟侵蚀的调查测量,发现该区浅沟侵蚀相当严重,两流域分别形成浅沟14条、16条,浅沟总长度分别达3 269 m、2 146 m,浅沟密度分别为908 m/km2、766 m/km2,侵蚀深度分别为0.17 mm、0.16 mm,侵蚀模数分别达181.8 t/km2、173.6 t/km2。2005年春季两流域浅沟侵蚀期的径流深分别是6.8 mm、7.7 mm。分析表明,研究区在春季表层土壤解冻、地表裸露和存在季节性冻土层的条件下,春季融雪及强降水易造成强烈的浅沟侵蚀。在分布上,浅沟一般位于坡面的中下部,而且多发育在瓦背状坡面的集流水路上。另外,耕作措施对浅沟的形成和发展也有重要影响。 相似文献
7.
中国东北漫岗黑土区切沟侵蚀发育特征 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
In this study, short-term gully retreat was monitored from the active gullies selected in representative black soil area,
using differential global positioning system (GPS). With the support of geographic information system (GIS), multi-temporal
digital elevation models (DEM) were constructed from the data collected by GPS and used for further analysis. Based on the
analysis of multi-temporal DEM, we discussed the erosion-deposition characteristics within gully and a developing model for
black soil gully area of Northeast China was proposed. The results are: (1) The analysis of the monitored gully data in 2004
indicated that the retreat of gully head reached more than 10 m, gully area extended 170–400 m2, net gully eroded volume 220–320 m3, and gully erosion modulus 2200–4800 t·km−2·a−1. (2) Compared with the mature gully the initial gully grows rapidly, and its erosion parameters are relatively large. The
erosion parameters have not only to do with flow energy, but also with the growth phase. (3) There are significant seasonal
differences in gully erosion parameters. The extension of gully area and width dominates in winter and spring without marked
net erosion while changes mainly occur in gully head and net erosion in rainy season. (4) It is remarkable for freeze-thaw
erosion in the black soil area of NE China. The gully wall of SG2 extended 0.45 m under freeze-thaw effect in 2004, and the
distance of gully head retreated maximally 6.4 m. (5) Due to freeze-thaw action and snowmelt, gully is primarily in the interior
adjustment process in winter and early spring. There are much more depositions compared with that during rainy season, which
can almost happen throughout the gully, while erosion mostly occurs near head, esp. for gullies having a relatively long history
of development. On the other hand, the process of energy exchange with exterior dominates in rainy season. It is considered
that this cyclic process is an important mechanism for gully growth in high latitude or/and high attitude regions.
Foundation: Key Project for National Natural Science Foundation of China, No.40235056; The Ph.D. Programs Foundation of Ministry of Education
of China, No.20030027015; China Postdoctoral Science Foundation, No.20070410482; Doctoral Foundation of University of Jinan,
No.B0620; National Natural Science Foundation of China, No.40672158; Key Subject Foundation Supported by Shandong Province
Author: Hu Gang (1976–), Ph.D and Associate Professor, specialized in soil erosion, environmental evolution and regional planning. 相似文献
8.
黄土高原勺状沟壑特征及发育过程 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
沟谷是黄土高原物质交换最频繁,形态变化最剧烈的区域。在内外营力的共同作用下,不同发育阶段的各类沟谷塑造了黄土高原“千沟万壑”的独特地貌景观。在黄土高原沟壑系统中,广泛分布着一类特殊的黄土勺状沟壑,目前对其成因、发育过程与机理以及空间分布特征等的认知明显不足。本文以高分辨率遥感影像和DEM数据作为数据源,在大量野外调查和专家知识的基础上,首先提出了黄土勺状沟壑的概念,指出黄土勺状沟壑是独立发育于黄土坡面上的永久性沟谷。其次,从沟壑形态、汇流关系、侵蚀过程、分布特征等方面分析了黄土勺状沟壑区别于其他已有沟壑的特点。进而,从发育形态、发育规模、发育部位等角度对黄土勺状沟壑进行了分类,深化了对勺状沟壑的认识。再次,基于空代时理论,定量分析了黄土勺状沟壑发育过程的形态演变特征,进一步探讨了黄土勺状沟壑发育过程,论证了黄土勺状沟壑是黄土切沟的初期阶段。最后,在系统梳理总结勺状沟壑的特征及分类的基础上,提出了黄土勺状沟壑的发育过程设想,指出勺状沟壑的形成离不开黄土陷穴和暗穴的生成和发育,勺状沟壑的进一步发育伴随着水力侵蚀和重力侵蚀过程。勺沟尾部变细甚至消失,不能发育成更大规模的切沟,与地下暗穴、黄土渗透率、降雨条件以及地表覆盖有关。本文成果期望为进一步完善黄土沟谷地貌发育和侵蚀过程与机理等认识做出贡献,同时对黄土高原水土保持工作提供参考。 相似文献
9.
AbstractErosion rates in residual limestone soils in a humid climate were measured for 10 years at one site, and for 4 years at another site, using erosion pins. Erosion pins were placed in gully floors and on convex divides between adjacent gullies, on abandoned land where vegetation had been removed. We measured an average erosion rate of 20 mm yr?1 over 10 years at one site and only 5 mm yr?1 over 4 years at another site where chert gravel was common on the surface. The 10-year average erosion rate of divides (26 mm yr?1) was significantly greater than the average erosion rate of gullies (14 mm yr?1), suggesting control by different processes, some of which may be seasonal. In winter, it was observed that frost action produced a thin layer of loose soil on the surface of divides. In summer, a hardpan developed on divides, as the soil loosened by winter frosts was transported to gullies, likely by rainsplash or dry ravel. The diffusive processes of frost action, rainsplash, and dry ravel appear to shape the convex divides in this study. Down-cutting of gullies requires channelized flow produced by intense rainfall, which is more common in summer for this location. 相似文献
10.
选用1:10 000高精度5.0 m分辨率的DEM数据,在陕北地区,按黄土地貌演化序列次序,遴选分别代表黄土残塬沟壑、梁状丘陵沟壑、峁状丘陵沟壑地貌的宜君、延安、绥德3个流域,研究其中1 831个沟谷横剖面19个因子的形态特征,利用主成分分析法确立核心因子,分析结果表明：① 沟谷深度、宽度、横剖面面积、宽深比、侵蚀度与不对称性指标的主成分累积贡献率为95.02%,为黄土沟谷横剖面核心指标;② 随级别的增加,3个流域沟谷宽度、横剖面积、宽深比、侵蚀度均呈现总体增加的态势,与黄土地貌发育阶段具有明显的空间耦合性,尤其是宽深比与侵蚀度指标,反映出低级别黄土沟谷溯源侵蚀现象明显,以下切侵蚀为主,而高级别沟谷沟沿线后移,以侧向侵蚀拓宽为主的规律;③ 随级别增加沟谷深度呈现先增后降的态势,并在中级别沟谷出现拐点,与实地调研发现沟谷在中级别下切侵蚀遇到基岩的现象相吻合。 相似文献
11.
Characteristics, controlling factors and importance of deep gullies under cropland on loess-derived soils 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：3
Several studies describe the formation and importance of shallow ephemeral gullies under cropland (depth<0.8 m). Some of these gullies may develop into channels with a depth of more than 0.8 m (up to 4 m). Despite their spectacular nature, these deep gullies have not yet been studied in detail. Therefore, the objectives of this study are to analyze the characteristics and the controlling factors of these deep gullies, as well as their importance in terms of sediment production.Comparison of a dataset with 28 deep gullies, formed in the period 1985–2003 and 123 shallow ephemeral gullies formed in the period 1994–1999 in central Belgium indicates that the deep gullies have clearly different morphological characteristics compared to shallow ephemeral gullies. Several factors were analyzed to understand the formation of deep gullies. Plotting runoff contributing area versus slope of the soil surface at the gully head indicates that the topographical threshold for deep gully formation is significantly larger compared to ephemeral gully formation. Deep gullies form on short, steep valley sides and their position is strongly affected by the presence of linear landscape elements. All deep gullies incised on landscape positions with a very erodible soil horizon at shallow depth. Analysis of causative rainfall showed no significant differences in incision thresholds between rills and shallow ephemeral gullies on the one hand and deep gullies on the other hand.The relation between area-specific sediment yield in central Belgium and drainage area, indicates that the development of deep gullies contributes significantly to the sediment output of small rural catchments and causes peaks in the mean area-specific sediment yield that are up to a factor of three higher compared with catchments where shallow ephemeral gullying occurs. 相似文献
12.
Didams Gideon Firuza Begham Mustafa Idakwo Victor 《Singapore journal of tropical geography》2021,42(1):107-131
This study assessed gully erosion susceptibility in Southern Gombe State, Nigeria. The objectives of the study were to: (1) prepare gully inventory of Southern Gombe State, (2) apply the Analytical Hierarchy Process to assess the contribution of gully erosion predisposing factors, and (3) produce a gully erosion susceptibility map of Southern Gombe State. Based on geomorphological study involving interpretation of Google Earth images and field surveys, 127 gullies were identified and 13 gully erosion predisposing factors assumed to influence gully erosion susceptibility were selected. Identified gullies were randomly split into training (89 or 70 per cent) and validation (38 or 30 per cent) datasets. The contribution of each gully erosion predisposing factor was obtained using the Analytical Hierarchy Process. The results indicated that slope (0.130), stream density (0.121), and distance from stream (0.121) play crucial roles in gully erosion susceptibility. By overlaying the gully erosion susceptibility factor maps, a gully erosion susceptibility map was created. A natural break method was then used to classify gully erosion areas into relatively safe (6.04 km2), less susceptible (3332.46 km2), moderately susceptible (1811.49 km2), highly susceptible (1146.35 km2), and extremely susceptible (1726.77 km2) categories. Field verification confirmed that the map accurately classified 92.11 per cent of the validation datasets, signifying the Analytical Hierarchy Process as a reliable method for gully erosion susceptibility assessment. The created gully erosion susceptibility map can assist land planners to identify critical gully erosion areas where prevention and mitigation actions should be implemented. 相似文献
13.
黄土陡坡裸露坡耕地浅沟发育过程研究 总被引：30，自引：8，他引：22
根据黄土陡坡地浅沟地形特征参数,在室内人工建筑浅沟发育初期的雏形模型,研究浅沟发育不同阶段沟头溯源侵蚀、沟壁扩张和沟槽下切变化规律,分析浅沟侵蚀对坡面侵蚀产沙的贡献。结果表明,浅沟发育不同阶段对应于不同的浅沟侵蚀过程。浅沟发育初期,沟头溯源侵蚀、沟壁扩展和沟床下切均相对活跃,且溯源侵蚀速率大于沟壁扩张速率和沟床下切速率;浅沟发育中期,以沟槽下切和沟壁扩张为主;浅沟发育后期,以沟壁扩张为主,但沟壁扩张速率明显小于浅沟发育的初期和中期阶段。浅沟发育初期和中期阶段,浅沟侵蚀量占总坡面侵蚀产沙的58%;浅沟发育后期,浅沟侵蚀量占总坡面侵蚀产沙的26%~59%。 相似文献
14.
In this study, short-term gully retreat was monitored from the active gullies selected in representative black soil area, using differential global positioning system (GPS). With the support of geographic information system (GIS), multi-temporal digital elevation models (DEM) were constructed from the data collected by GPS and used for further analysis. Based on the analysis of multi-temporal DEM, we discussed the erosion–deposition characteristics within gully and a developing model for black soil gully area of Northeast China was proposed. The results are: (1) The analysis of the monitored gully data in 2004 indicated that the retreat of gully head reached more than 10 m, gully area extended 170–400 m2, net gully eroded volume 220–320 m3,and gully erosion modulus 2200–4800 t?km?2?a?1. (2) Compared with the mature gully the initial gully grows rapidly, and its erosion parameters are relatively large. The erosion parameters have not only to do with flow energy, but also with the growth phase. (3) There are significant seasonal differences in gully erosion parameters. The extension of gully area and width dominates in winter and spring without marked net erosion while changes mainly occur in gully head and net erosion in rainy season. (4) It is remarkable for freeze-thaw erosion in the black soil area of NE China. The gully wall of SG2 extended 0.45 m under freeze-thaw effect in 2004, and the distance of gully head retreated maximally 6.4 m. (5) Due to freeze-thaw action and snowmelt, gully is primarily in the interior adjustment process in winter and early spring. There are much more depositions compared with that during rainy season, which can almost happen throughout the gully, while erosion mostly occurs near head, esp. for gullies having a relatively long history of development. On the other hand, the process of energy exchange with exterior dominates in rainy season. It is considered that this cyclic process is an important mechanism for gully growth in high latitude or/and high attitude regions. 相似文献
15.
Small gullies occur in forested gully systems on the undulating loess plateau in southern Poland. The old gully hillslopes are mainly covered with 200-year old beech trees in contrast with the surface of the summit plateau, which is cultivated agricultural land. Beech roots are exposed in the gullies through erosion. Wood vessels in the root tree rings divide into early wood and late wood and, after the roots are exposed, start to make fewer vessels. These anatomical changes in root tree rings allow us to date erosion episodes.Small gullies form in a different manner on the valley floor and on hillslopes. In valley bottoms, erosion features are often formed at some distance from one another, and in time small gullies combine to form a single, longer one. Depending on local conditions, such as the hillslope profile, hillslopes may exhibit headward erosion or may be eroded downwards. Hilllope gullies may be transformed into side valleys as a result of gradual widening and deepening.Dating the exposure of roots indicates that small gullies had already formed in the valley system by 1949. Intensive gully erosion was recorded between 1984 and 2002, during intense precipitation in 1984 and, of particular note, during the extraordinary flood of 1997 which affected all of Central Europe. The mean rate of small gully erosion in the old gully system studied is 0.63 m/year. On hillslopes the mean gully erosion rate is 0.21–0.52 m/year, and on the valley bottoms 0.18–1.98 m/year. High bottom erosion rates resulted from the emergence of long gullies during the erosion episodes in 1984 and 1997. Sheet flow in valley floors intensifies at times of heavy rainfall which causes long gullies to form.Taking into account the fact that conditions favoured erosion, the rate at which the old gullies under forest were transformed should be considered slow. New side gullies form slowly within the valley and it appears that if erosion progressed at the rate observed, new side valleys would take a few hundred years to form. 相似文献
16.
黑土耕作区侵蚀沟治理紧迫度空间分布特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
综合把握侵蚀沟发育状态及其治理紧迫程度可为有效判断区域侵蚀沟防控方向与治理重点提供重要参考。论文结合侵蚀沟形态数据,构建区域侵蚀沟治理紧迫度评价指标体系,从乡镇与网格尺度揭示区域侵蚀沟侵蚀程度及其空间分布规律。结果表明：① 从数量特征看,海伦黑土耕作区侵蚀沟分布呈非均衡状态,沟道长度以微/小型(≤500 m)为主,沟道面积以一/二级(≤0.8 hm2)为主。② 从空间规律看,网格尺度侵蚀沟密度等级呈现由西南向东北逐步增加趋势,而侵蚀沟密度等级以轻度侵蚀(≤2 km/km2)为主且在县域内无明显空间差异;乡镇尺度侵蚀沟密度以轻度侵蚀(≤2 km/km2)为主,主要分布在海伦西部,而侵蚀沟裂度以中/强度侵蚀(0.10%~0.35%)为主,主要分布在海伦西北与东南部。③ 从治理紧迫度看,2017年海伦黑土耕作区侵蚀沟以低紧迫治理(0.03~0.26)状态为主,主要分布在海伦低山低丘地区,位于海伦中西部乡镇;而紧迫/极紧迫治理紧迫度主要分布于低山/漫川漫岗区,位于海伦东北部。在未来区域侵蚀沟防治监测监管中,县级部门可依据乡镇侵蚀沟治理紧迫度优先防治侵蚀严重区域,而乡镇部门可依据网格尺度侵蚀沟治理紧迫度进行实地察看与重点监测。 相似文献
17.
A susceptibility model of sapping-related depressions has been produced by analysing the statistical relationship between the location of depressions and topographical variables. Sapping erosion plays an important role in the growth of gullies developed over poorly-consolidated quartzite conglomerates in the northern sector of the Duero Tertiary Basin (the Cantabrian Mountain Range of Spain). Gullies, topsoil subsidence depressions related to sapping processes, and shallow slides have been identified over sandy soils in an area of 37 km2. This area underwent major changes in land use during the 20th century, leading to the expansion of gully erosion processes. On the surface, depressions of several meters in diameter, caused by internal erosion related to sapping processes, can be identified. Using the topographical location of these topsoil depressions and several topographical variables, 14 discriminate functions were derived to provide information about the influence of topography on the development of sapping erosion processes. The functions have accuracy levels varying from 56 to 81%. The most accurate function was regionalized by means of a Geographical Information System and was used to complete a land classification method which is based on the Mahalanobis distance to the multivariate average (centroid) of a sapping erosion form group. The classification of this model allows the identification of areas with different relative probabilities of sapping processes and the resultant growth of gullies. 相似文献
18.
Using the method of mapping by high resolution satellite imagery mapping, a study was made of the key areas which are located in the southern part of the forest, forest-steppe and steppe zones of Tatarstan and of Orenburg, Saratov and Voronezh oblasts. Two key indicators were determined: the gully length density and gully head density within the basins; results of the investigation were used in compiling respective maps in vector format. It is established that the density of the gully length in the basins varies over the range from 0 to 0.5 km/km2 (from the absence of gullies to strong gully erosion), and the density of gully heads from 0 to 3 units/km2. The slope type of gullies is dominant in all basins (about 80%), while the coastal and bottom types have approximately the same proportion (14 and 10%, respectively). Using methods of mathematical statistics we determined a high directly proportional dependence of the indicators of the contemporary gully network on the level of ploughness of the basins and the mean annual precipitation amount, and an indirectly proportional dependence on the level of sodding. An abrupt reduction in gullying indicators was determined. It was found that among the chief reasons behind an abrupt reduction in the gullies to date is a decrease of the rate of agricultural development, with an additional factor, namely, a dramatic decrease in surface runoff down the arable slopes during spring snowmelt caused by climate warming. It is concluded that that a significant part of the gully forms in the study area is currently inactive and massively passes into the balka stage. 相似文献
19.
AbstractCharacterizing gully cross sections (GCs) is essential for calculating the volume and erosion rate of the gully. However, little research has focused on modeling the morphology of GCs. This study investigated 456 GCs with a laser distance meter located at the mouth, middle, and head of 152 gullies in the Yuanmou Dry-hot Valley of China; mapped them with AutoCAD software; fitted them with 2nd–6th degree polynomial functions, and discussed the correlation between the coefficients and the morphology of GCs. The results showed that: (1) using a 2nd-degree polynomial function (y = ax2 + bx + c) to describe the morphology of GCs produced a better result than other polynomial functions; (2) the coefficient a of 2nd-degree polynomial function was correlated with depth (r = ?0.226, p < 0.01), gradient (r = 0.545, p < 0.01), and activities; and (3) the symmetry axis (?b/2a) of 2nd-degree polynomial function increased with gully change from left-deflection to right-skewed, and the absolute value showed the asymmetrical degree (r = 0.216, p < 0.01). This study will not only help to understand the morphology and evolution of gullies, but will also provide a scientific basis for prevention of gully erosion. 相似文献