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1.
海面风场是海洋学的基本参量,获取海面风场对了解海洋的物理过程以及海洋与大气之间的相互作用至关重要。宽阔的海域面积及复杂的海面状况通常使南海海面上的风场信息很难被及时获取。ENVISAT ASAR是一种全天候全天时监测海面的微波雷达传感器,可实时获取海面风场数据。本文基于已有ASAR数据对南海海面风场进行反演实验,首先将结合高斯曲线拟合的FFT风向反演方法应用于南海风向反演,并参考Cross-Calibrated Multi-Platform （CCMP）风场数据去除180o方向模糊获得海面风向。然后,将高斯曲线拟合-FFT风向与传统的峰值-FFT风向进行对比,最后将准确率较高的高斯曲线拟合-FFT风向分别输入CMOD4模型和CMOD5模型获得海面风速大小。实验结果与CCMP参考数据的比较结果表明,在风条纹不明显的情况下,利用结合高斯曲线的FFT风向反演方法和CMOD4模型风速反演方法可有效地进行南海海面风场反演。该成果对利用SAR数据实时获取南海大面积海面风场信息,尤其是观测点缺乏海域的风场信息,具有重要的指导意义。 相似文献
2.
《地理信息世界》2020,(2)
由于气象站点的布设受经济、地形、技术等因素限制,使得某风能资源丰富的无测风区域缺少气象站点数据,无法进行风场模拟。针对这一问题,尝试用NCEP再分析风速数据代替传统的气象站点数据,根据NCEP再分析风速数据的栅格数据特点,提出了一种面向无测风区域的复杂地形风场模拟方法。该风场模拟方法以SRTM DEM数据和NCEP再分析风速数据为数据源,首先通过均值变点分析法获取反映无测风区域地形起伏特点的最佳统计单元,得到无测风区域复杂地形的地形起伏度;然后对Cressman插值方法进行改进,将地形起伏度引入到权重函数中,并根据交叉检验中均方根误差最小原则求解权重函数中参数的最优解;最后将最优解代入权重函数中对风场进行加密。实验结果表明:风场模拟结果与气象站点风速之间的相关系数为0.778 2,模拟风速的变化趋势与实测风速基本一致;风电场选址区主要建设在模拟风速较大的地区,十分符合风电场一般建设在风能资源丰富的地方的特点,间接验证面向无测风区域的复杂地形风场模拟方法是有效的。 相似文献
3.
采用VAP(Velocity Azimuth Processing)方法反演多普勒雷达风矢量场,在利用各个距离圈径向速度随方位角分布的廓线推算风向和风速的设计中,要求基数据速度资料中没有明显的脉动.介绍了在多普勒天气雷达风场反演设计中,直接将方格法的速度资料处理过程融入到方格法风场反演的过程中,利用距离方格内保持中尺度特性的特点,不改变原始资料的同时保证风场反演的正确性. 相似文献
4.
在对月探测中,月表物质的可见光、近红外反射数据,是进行月表化学元素及矿物反演与制图的重要信息源。受月球表面地形起伏的影响,嫦娥一号干涉成像光谱仪（IIM）高光谱数据在开展月表参数定量反演前,须进行月表地形校正,还原月表真实的反射率信息。IIM高光谱数据和常用的美国LOLA月球DEM数据之间存在月球经纬度空间配准不精确的问题,对月表地形校正的精度产生了影响。以月表陨石坑为例,在两幅月球遥感影像上选取一定数量的同名点,使用多项式校正方法进行像元级配准,与直接使用经纬度开展空间配准作了对比分析,发现IIM高光谱数据与LOLA DEM数据之间在经度方向存在平均约3.5个像元的位置偏差,纬度方向存在约1.95个像元的偏差。在此基础上,尝试将地球地形校正中使用的C校正方法运用到月球,探究在微弱大气散射环境下,月球陨石坑地貌的月表地形校正可行性。研究发现,经过像元级空间配准的数据在月表地形校正的效果上,比直接使用月球经纬度进行匹配的校正效果有明显提高。经过匹配和C校正,月表反射率与太阳入射角的余弦值之间的线性相关方程的斜率降低了89.4%,很好地消除月表陨石坑阴影地区和阳坡高亮区域的月表地形效应,恢复月表阴影区域的光谱信息。验证结果表明,校正后的月表局部遥感影像更接近于月表真实反射率,为后续利用IIM数据开展月表理化要素定量反演研究提供了可靠的科学数据保障。 相似文献
5.
对风场结构和信息的探测始终是气象科学的重要研究方向。多普勒天气雷达是研究大气边界层风场的有力手段,有效地利用其径向速度资料分析和推断真实的风场结构,能够大大提高中小尺度天气系统预报的准确度。基于单多普勒天气雷达探测风场反演技术,用Matlab实现二维理想均匀风场的多普勒天气雷达径向速度图模拟。考虑到雷达系统的工作波长和脉冲重复频率的差异可能导致观测结果产生速度模糊的问题,以风向风速各自随高度变化与否以及如何变化的4种风场情况,分别给出了S、C、X波段的多普勒天气雷达径向速度模拟图,并且设计了相应的GUI界面。通过分析模拟的径向速度平面位置显示图,帮助反演真实的风场信息。 相似文献
6.
《广东海洋大学学报》2014,(1)
利用NCEP预报风场,对2013年3月中旬发生在中国海的一次强冷空气过程进行分析,并利用预报风场计算得到这期间的风能密度,实现"风能密度数值预报",可为风电机采集风能提供日常保障,以提高装备的采集、转换效率。结果表明,1)NCEP预报风场可以很好地刻画冷空气给中国海带来的大风过程,从曲线走势、相关系数、偏差、均方根误差、平均绝对误差等分析也发现,NCEP预报风速在中国海具有很高精度。2)冷空气影响的海域,伴有明显的大风的过程,风能密度也出现明显的增幅。冷空气影响渤海时,该海域大部分区域的风速在10 m/s以上,大值中心在16 m/s以上;风能密度基本都在1 400 W/m2以上。冷空气影响的海域容易出现10 m/s以上的大风,对应区域的风能密度基本都在1 400 W/m2以上;冷空气的边缘海域风速也在8 m/s以上,风能密度在350 W/m2以上。3)利用NCEP预报风场,对海上风电场的风速、风能密度进行预报是可行的,可为风能开发、防灾减灾提供科学依据。 相似文献
7.
针对雨滴谱的变化对降水估计的影响,提出根据激光雨滴谱仪上方雷达回波的结构特征将降水过程划分为对流云降水和层状云降水交替分布5个部分,通过基于2种降水类型的第Ⅰ种分类Z-R关系、基于5个部分的第Ⅱ种分类Z-R关系和基于整个降水过程的总体Z-R关系分析雨滴谱的变化对降水估计的影响。结果表明:当对流云降水向层状云降水过渡时,指数谱从无到有、多峰谱比例减小,Nw减小、μ增大、Dm变化不大;Nw与R变化相似,当Z增大时μ和Dm分别是递减和递增的;Z-R关系(Z=aRb)中a值变化范围较大、系数b在1~2波动且与层状云阶段相比,对流云阶段的a和b值较小;利用第Ⅱ种分类Z-R关系反演的雨强与基于雨滴谱仪观测数据计算的雨强最接近;雨滴谱仪在层状云阶段的反演效果明显强于对流云阶段,这与对流云降水中雨滴谱信息变化大且快等因素有关。 相似文献
8.
《广东海洋大学学报》2015,(3)
以雷州湾为研究区域,利用光谱仪进行水体遥感反射率的测量和同步水样采集分析,通过研究悬浮物质量浓度与遥感反射率之间的相关性,采用波段比值法建立了悬浮物质量浓度的遥感反演模型,并利用2011年4月11日的HY-1B数据反演了研究区域的悬浮物质量浓度,得到其空间分布图。结果表明,所建立的悬浮物遥感反演模型,仪器现场遥感值与实验室实测值的平均相对误差为14.94%。利用HY-1B数据绘制了雷州湾海域悬浮物质量浓度的空间分布图,其反映的浓度值变化有待进一步验证。 相似文献
9.
设计一种井下地震计信号方位角校正方案,直接对地震计的输出进行校正,使数据采集器记录到的数据即为仪器方位角符合要求时的信号。基于MATLAB程序的Simulink仿真工具箱计算结果表明,本文方案可应用于校正井下地震计方位角偏差,具有较高的可行性。 相似文献
10.
针对雨滴谱的变化对降水估计的影响,提出根据激光雨滴谱仪上方雷达回波的结构特征将降水过程划分为对流云降水和层状云降水交替分布5个部分,通过基于2种降水类型的第1种分类Z-R关系、基于5个部分的第Ⅱ种分类Z-R关系和基于整个降水过程的总体Z-R关系分析雨滴谱的变化对降水估计的影响.结果表明:当对流云降水向层状云降水过渡时,指数谱从无到有、多峰谱比例减小,Nw减小、μ增大、Dm变化不大;Mw与R变化相似,当Z增大时μ和Dm分别是递减和递增的;Z-R关系(Z=aRb)中a值变化范围较大、系数b在1～2波动且与层状云阶段相比,对流云阶段的a和b值较小;利用第Ⅱ种分类Z-R关系反演的雨强与基于雨滴谱仪观测数据计算的雨强最接近;雨滴谱仪在层状云阶段的反演效果明显强于对流云阶段,这与对流云降水中雨滴谱信息变化大且快等因素有关. 相似文献
11.
The AMSR2 microwave radiometer is the main payload of the GCOM-W1 satellite,launched by the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency in 2012. Based on the pre-launch information extraction algorithm,the AMSR2 enables remote monitoring of geophysical parameters such as sea surface temperature,wind speed,water vapor,and liquid cloud water content. However,rain alters the properties of atmospheric scattering and absorption,which contaminates the brightness temperatures measured by the microwave radiometer. Therefore,it is difficult to retrieve AMSR2-derived sea surface wind speeds under rainfall conditions. Based on microwave radiative transfer theory,and using AMSR2 L1 brightness temperature data obtained in August 2012 and NCEP reanalysis data,we studied the sensitivity of AMSR2 brightness temperatures to rain and wind speed,from which a channel combination of brightness temperature was established that is insensitive to rainfall,but sensitive to wind speed. Using brightness temperatures obtained with the proposed channel combination as input parameters,in conjunction with HRD wind field data,and adopting multiple linear regression and BP neural network methods,we established an algorithm for hurricane wind speed retrieval under rainfall conditions. The results showed that the standard deviation and relative error of retrievals,obtained using the multiple linear regression algorithm,were 3.1 m/s and 13%,respectively. However,the standard deviation and relative error of retrievals obtained using the BP neural network algorithm were better(2.1 m/s and 8%,respectively). Thus,the results of this paper preliminarily verified the feasibility of using microwave radiometers to extract sea surface wind speeds under rainfall conditions. 相似文献
12.
In this study, we present a comprehensive comparison of the sea surface wind ?eld measured by scatterometer(Ku-band scatterometer) aboard the Chinese HY-2 A satellite and the full-polarimetric radiometer WindSat aboard the Coriolis satellite. The two datasets cover a four-year period from October2011 to September 2015 in the global oceans. For the sea surface wind speed, the statistical comparison indicates good agreement between the HY-2 A scatterometer and WindSat with a bias of nearly 0 m/s and a root mean square error(RMSE) of 1.13 m/s. For the sea surface wind direction, a bias of 1.41° and an RMSE of 20.39° were achieved after excluding the data collocated with opposing directions. Furthermore,discrepancies in sea surface wind speed measured by the two sensors in the global oceans were investigated.It is found that the larger dif ferences mainly appear in the westerlies in the both hemispheres. Both the bias and RMSE show latitude dependence, i.e., they have signi?cant latitudinal ?uctuations. 相似文献
13.
赵屹立 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2013,31(1):210-218
WindSat/Coriolis is the first satellite-borne polarimetric microwave radiometer, which aims to improve the potential of polarimetric microwave radiometry for measuring sea surface wind vectors from space. In this paper, a wind vector retrieval algorithm based on a novel and simple forward model was developed for WindSat. The retrieval algorithm of sea surface wind speed was developed using multiple linear regression based on the simulation dataset of the novel forward model. Sea surface wind directions that minimize the difference between simulated and measured values of the third and fourth Stokes parameters were found using maximum likelihood estimation, by which a group of ambiguous wind directions was obtained. A median filter was then used to remove ambiguity of wind direction. Evaluated with sea surface wind speed and direction data from the U.S. National Data Buoy Center (NDBC), root mean square errors are 1.2 m/s and 30° for retrieved wind speed and wind direction, respectively. The evaluation results suggest that the simple forward model and the retrieval algorithm are practicable for near-real time applications, without reducing accuracy. 相似文献
14.
Chaos particle swarm optimization combined with circular median filtering for geophysical parameters retrieval from Windsat 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
This paper established a geophysical retrieval algorithm for sea surface wind vector, sea surface temperature, columnar atmospheric water vapor, and columnar cloud liquid water from WindSat, using the measured brightness temperatures and a matchup database. To retrieve the wind vector, a chaotic particle swarm approach was used to determine a set of possible wind vector solutions which minimize the difference between the forward model and the WindSat observations. An adjusted circular median filtering function was adopted to remove wind direction ambiguity. The validation of the wind speed, wind direction, sea surface temperature, columnar atmospheric water vapor, and columnar liquid cloud water indicates that this algorithm is feasible and reasonable and can be used to retrieve these atmospheric and oceanic parameters. Compared with moored buoy data, the RMS errors for wind speed and sea surface temperature were 0.92 m s~(-1) and 0.88℃, respectively. The RMS errors for columnar atmospheric water vapor and columnar liquid cloud water were 0.62 mm and 0.01 mm, respectively, compared with F17 SSMIS results. In addition, monthly average results indicated that these parameters are in good agreement with AMSR-E results. Wind direction retrieval was studied under various wind speed conditions and validated by comparing to the Quik SCAT measurements, and the RMS error was 13.3?. This paper offers a new approach to the study of ocean wind vector retrieval using a polarimetric microwave radiometer. 相似文献
15.
The wind system over the seas southeast of Asia (SSEA) plays an important role in China's climate variation. In this paper, ERS scatterometer winds covering the period from January 2000 to December 2000 and the area of 2-41 °N, 105- 130°E were analyzed with a distance-weighting interpolation method and the monthly mean distribution of the sea surface wind speed were given. The seasonal characteristics of winds in the SSEA were analyzed. Based on WAVEWATCH Ⅲ model, distribution of significant wave height was calculated. 相似文献
16.
Using the latest version of Mesoscale Modeling System (MM5v3), we assimilated wind data from the scatterometer and built a model to assimilate the wind field over eastern China seas and adjacent waters and applied the wave model WAVEWATCH-Ⅲ to test the sea area with assimilative wind and blended wind of QSCAT and NCEP as driving forces. High precision and resolution numerical wave results were obtained. Analysis indicated that if we replace the model wind result with the blended wind, better sea surface wind results and wave results could be obtained. 相似文献
17.
To retrieve wind field from SAR images, the development for surface wind field retrieval from SAR images based on the improvement of new inversion model is present. Geophysical Model Functions(GMFs) have been widely applied for wind field retrieval from SAR images. Among them CMOD4 has a good performance under low and moderate wind conditions. Although CMOD5 is developed recently with a more fundamental basis, it has ambiguity of wind speed and a shape gradient of normalized radar cross section under low wind speed condition. This study proposes a method of wind field retrieval from SAR image by combining CMOD5 and CMOD4 Five VV-polarisation RADARSAT2 SAR images are implemented for validation and the retrieval results by a combination method(CMOD5 and CMOD4) together with CMOD4 GMF are compared with QuikSCAT wind data. The root-mean-square error(RMSE) of wind speed is 0.75 m s-1 with correlation coefficient 0.84 using the combination method and the RMSE of wind speed is 1.01 m s-1 with correlation coefficient 0.72 using CMOD4 GMF alone for those cases. The proposed method can be applied to SAR image for avoiding the internal defect in CMOD5 under low wind speed condition. 相似文献
18.
The Influence of wave state and sea spray on drag coefficient from low to high wind speeds 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Ocean waves alter the roughness of sea surface, and sea spray droplets redistribute the momentum flux at the air-sea interface. Hence, both wave state and sea spray influence sea surface drag coefficient. Based on the new sea spray generation function which depends on sea surface wave, a wave-dependent sea spray stress is obtained. According to the relationship between sea spray stress and the total wind stress on the sea surface, a new formula of drag coefficient at high wind speed is acquired. With the analysis of the new drag coefficient, it is shown that the drag coefficient reduces at high wind speed, indicating that the sea spray droplets can limit the increase of drag coefficient. However, the value of high wind speed corresponding to the initial reduced drag coefficient is not fixed, and it depends on the wave state, which means the influence of wave cannot be ignored. Comparisons between the theoretical and measured sea surface drag coefficients in field and laboratory show that under different wave ages, the theoretical result of drag coefficient could include the measured data, and it means that the new drag coefficient can be used properly from low to high wind speeds under any wave state condition. 相似文献
19.
Various data are used to investigate the characteristics of the surface wind field and rainfall on the East China Sea Kuroshio (ESK) in March and April, 2011. In March, the wind speed maximum shows over the ESK front (ESKF) in the 10 meter wind field, which agrees with the thermal wind effect. A wind curl center is generated on the warm flank of the ESKF. The winds are much weaker in April, so is the wind curl. A rainband exists over the ESKF in both the months. The Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model is used for further researches. The winds on the top of the marine atmosphere boundary layer (MABL) indicate that in March, a positive wind curl is generated in the whole MABL over the warm flank of the ESKF. The thermal wind effect forced by the strong SST gradient overlying the background wind leads to strong surface northeasterly winds on the ESKF, and a positive shearing vorticity is created over the warm flank of the ESKF to generate wind curl. In the smoothed sea surface temperature experiment, the presence of the ESKF is responsible for the strong northeast winds in the ESKF, and essential for the distribution of the rainfall centers in March, which confirms the mechanism above. The same simulation is made for April, 2011, and the responses from the MABL become weak. The low background wind speed weakens the effect of the thermal wind, thus no strong Ekman pumping is helpful for precipitation. There is no big difference in rainfall between the control run and the smooth SST run. Decomposition of the wind vector shows that local wind acceleration induced by the thermal wind effect along with the variations in wind direction is responsible for the pronounced wind curl/divergence over the ESKF. 相似文献