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1.
For evaluation of slope stability in materials displaying strain-softening behavior, knowledge concerning the failed state material response is of importance. Here, soft sensitive clay is studied. Such clays behave contractant at failure, which for undrained conditions yields a strain-softening behavior governed by the generation of excess pore water pressure. Strain softening is further linked with material instability and the phenomenon of strain localization. In the case of shear band formation, internal pore pressure gradients are then expected to be present for globally undrained conditions in the sensitive clay due to its low permeability. In the present study, this hypothesis and its implications on the global response and shear band properties are investigated. Utilizing an experimental setup with a modified triaxial cell allowing for shear band formation, the effect of varying the displacement rate is studied. Onset of strain localization is interpreted to occur just before or at the peak shear strength. A strong rate dependency of the softening response is observed. Increasing displacement rates give raised brittleness in terms of the slope of the global softening curve due to accumulating pore pressure. Also, reduced shear band thickness and a shear band inclination approaching 45° are obtained for increasing rates. In the context of slope failure in such materials, the rate dependency in the post-peak state opens up for a large variation in behavior, all depending on time as an important factor. 相似文献
2.
Modeling uncertainty in stability analysis for design of embankment dams on difficult foundations 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
A probabilistic 3-D slope stability analysis model (PTDSSAM) is developed to evaluate the stability of embankment dams and their foundations under conditions of staged construction taking into consideration uncertainty, spatial variabilities and correlations of shear strength parameters, as well as the uncertainties in pore water pressure. The model has the following capabilities: (1) conducting undrained shear strength analysis (USA) and effective stress analysis (ESA) slope stability analysis of staged construction, (2) incorporation of field monitored data of pore water pressure, and (3) incorporation of increase of undrained shear strength with depth, effective stress, and pore water pressure dissipation. The PTDSSAM model is incorporated in a computer program that can analyze slopes located in multilayered deposits, considering the total slope width.
The main outputs of the program are the geometric parameters of the most critical sliding surface (i.e., center of rotation/radius of rotation and critical width of failure), mean 2-D safety factor, mean 3-D safety factor, squared coefficient of variation of resisting moment, and the probability of slope failure. The program is applied to a case study, Karameh dam in Jordan. Monitored data of induced pore water pressure in the dam embankment and soft foundation were gathered during dam construction.
The stability of Karameh dam embankment and foundation was evaluated during staged construction using deterministic and probabilistic analysis. Foundation stability was evaluated based on the monitored data of pore water pressure.
The study showed that the mean values of the corrective factors which account for the discrepancies between the in situ and laboratory-measured values of soil properties and for the modeling errors have significant influence on the 2-D safety factor, 3-D safety factor, slope probability of failure, and on the expected failure width.
The degree of spatial correlation associated with shear strength parameters within a soil deposit also influences the probability of slope failure and the expected failure width. This correlation is quantified by scale of fluctuation. It is found that a larger scale of fluctuation gives an increase in the probability of slope failure and a reduction in the critical failure width. 相似文献
3.
The phenomenon of excess pore water pressure increase or stagnation and continuing large ground deformation in soft sensitive clay following the completion of construction of embankment is simulated for a case study at Saint Alban, Quebec, Canada. The present model employs an updated Lagrangian finite element framework and is combined with an automatic time increment selection scheme. The simulation based on an elasto‐viscoplastic constitutive model considers soil‐structure degradation effect. It is shown that without consideration for the microstructural degradation effect, it is not possible to reproduce the field responses of soft sensitive clay even during the construction of the embankment. When the soil‐structure degradation effect is considered, the present model can offer reasonably accurate prediction for the consolidation behavior of soft sensitive clay, including the so‐called anomalous pore water pressure generation and continuing large deformation even after the end of construction, which has been posing numerous uncertainties on the long‐term performance of earth structures. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
4.
《Geomechanics and Geoengineering》2013,8(2):131-146
The numerical challenges that arise in modelling shear bands in soft sensitive (SS) clays have not yet been fully resolved. Convincing and well-accepted solutions have yet to be found. This paper presents some novel information related to the shear band phenomenon in SS clays. In this study, the hypothesis is that the generation and dissipation of excess pore pressure from shear bands could regularise the strain softening and result in a mesh independent shear band thickness. The generation and dissipation of excess pressure is modelled by a coupled consolidation process. The simulation aims at modelling two counteracting mechanisms in the SS clay. First, the shear band narrows because of strain softening. Second, the internal pore water pressure drainage reduces the rate of strain softening. This counteracting mechanism provides an inherent regularisation technique for SS clays. This study presents some numerical results involving these two counteracting mechanisms. This study also shows that an inherent internal parameter applicable for SS clays can be defined by the ratio between soil permeability and the applied strain rate. In the case of SS clays, the range of this parameter varies from 0 to 0.0002 mm. 相似文献
5.
软黏土地基由于其含水量高、孔隙比大、强度低、渗透性差,因此,在灵敏度很高的软黏土地基上建造高度较高的路堤,其稳定性很难得到保证。一般采用分级加载的方法使软土地基在路堤荷载的作用下发生固结,强度获得增长。为加速固结,常采用塑料排水板处理地基,使之能在较短的时间内完成固结,加速地基强度增加。针对日本佐贺县高灵敏度的有明黏土地基上修建的分级加载的6.5 m高河堤下软黏土的物理力学性质的变化,说明分级加荷的重要性。现场软土地基为结构性黏土,有很高的灵敏度。而且该软黏土地基的渗透系数极低。因此采用塑料排水板进行了加固处理,施工过程中对地基土的物理与力学性质随固结过程的变化进行了测试。分析了其发展规律,结果表明地基土的单轴强度在250 d内增长了近1倍。 相似文献
6.
High pore water pressures were measured in the fill material of the Thika Dam embankment early in its construction. These caused concern about the subsequent short term stability. Therefore construction was stopped. Stability reassessment and drainage design was performed using finite element analyses before construction was allowed to continue. Different methods of modelling the pore water pressure allowed efficient analysis of various drainage options. The analyses highlighted zones of high shear stress and shear strain, and formation of failure surfaces. They established the necessary level of drainage required to ensure stability, control movement and reduce the risk of residual shear surfaces. Large toe movement was predicted immediately after construction recommences. © 相似文献
7.
软土地基路堤施工控制的离心模拟试验研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
软土路基上快速填筑路堤时的稳定控制是非常重要的。为此在现行规范中,采用了一些位移或位移速率的控制标准。但实践表明,采用现行的标准仍然出现一些地基失稳的事例,说明这些标准需要进一步求证和改进。除了继续收集、分析失效事例之外,通过离心模型试验也可以进一步理解堤基失稳的机制。离心模型试验结果表明：路堤快速填筑使得地基破坏时,地基变形略呈马鞍形,坡肩处沉降比道中处沉降略大,坡脚水平位移增加较快;破坏时的位移速率与现有规范建议的控制标准基本符合,但地基内的孔隙水压力是在地基进入破坏状态并发生较大变形之后才有突然增加的趋势;此外,坡脚水平位移和道中沉降的速率比,可能是一个较好的稳定性控制的指标。 相似文献
8.
Progressive failure in long natural clay slopes with an underlying weak shear zone is studied. The clay slope is assumed to be elastic–perfectly plastic, whereas the shear zone may have an elastic–plastic strain softening behaviour. The failure will occur due to the development of large shear deformations in the weak zone. The general behaviour, including the possibility of progressive failure, can be studied by the use of a one-dimensional finite element model. Other interesting matters which can be studied are critical load, critical disturbance and critical length of the slope. Numerical examples show the overall behaviour due to different residual shear strengths of the weak layer, end disturbance or change of pore pressure in the weak layer. Although simple, the proposed finite element model provides a practically applicable tool for the prediction of whether progressive failure will occur and in which manner the local failure will propagate. 相似文献
9.
珠海海积软土剪切带微观结构试验研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
天然软土剪切带性状分析一直是岩土力学界的一个研究重点。采用电镜扫描和压汞法对珠海海积软土剪切带内外以及带边缘微观结构进行定量分析,研究结果表明：珠海软土的应力-应变曲线在低围压下表现出明显应变软化特征;软土在剪切破坏后,剪切带内的微观参数变化率最大,其次是剪切带边缘,最后是剪切带外;剪切带边缘上的颗粒逐渐沿着剪切应力的方向呈定向排列,而剪切带内,由于颗粒发生破碎、折断,颗粒排列是随机的,在剪切带外,颗粒的排列受剪切破坏的影响较小;珠海海积软土的孔隙入口孔径分布为主单峰分布,其主峰峰值的位置是沿着剪切带外--带边缘--剪切带内转移;Roscoe理论和Arthur经验公式预测的剪切带倾角与实测值相比都偏小,不适宜黏性土的剪切带倾角预测计算;Mohr-Coulomb理论计算出的倾角与实测值比较一致。 相似文献
10.
The potential for progressive failure in waste containment systems is an important design consideration. Many common interfaces between components in containment systems exhibit strain-softening behaviour; however, slopes are presently designed using limit equilibrium methods that do not account for these effects. An analytical model is developed to investigate the potential for progressive failure due to strain softening. Results are presented in a non-dimensional form relating the potential for strain softening to the slope geometry, the waste properties and the properties of the containment system interface. The potential for progressive failure increases as (i) the waste stiffness decreases relative to the initial stiffness of the interface resistance, (ii) the length of the slip surface increases and (iii) the rate of strain softening with displacement increases. Analysis of a case study slope failure indicates that the analytical approach produces results that are consistent with field observations and comparable to results from a more sophisticated, numerical analysis. Although simple, this analytical approach serves as a useful design guide to identify cases where it is unsafe to use the peak shear strength in a limit equilibrium analysis. 相似文献
11.
桩承式加筋路堤的现场试验及数值分析 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
对一桩体面积置换率为8.7 %的低置换率桩承式加筋路堤进行了现场试验及三维有限元分析。现场主要进行了桩、土荷载分担,孔压、沉降及侧向水平变形等内容的观测。将观测数据与常规设计方法及三维有限元分析结果进行了对比研究,在此基础上对设计方法的适用性进行了分析。研究结果表明,路堤填土的土拱效应造成荷载向桩体转移,这种荷载转移大幅度减小了在软土层中产生的超孔隙水压力。当填土高度大于2.5 m时,土拱效应的应力折减系数可用Russell和Pierpoint或Hewlett和Randolph提出的土拱效应分析方法进行计算,其结果与三维有限元分析也较相符,但在路堤高度较小时,只有Russell和Pierpoint方法与实测结果相接近。路堤施工过程中,实测的水平变形与沉降之比仅为0.2左右,这表明采用桩承式加筋路堤不仅可减小沉降,而且可减小水平向的变形,提高路堤的稳定性。 相似文献
12.
Progressive failure mechanism in one-dimensional stability analysis of shallow slope failures 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Chia-Nan Liu 《Landslides》2009,6(2):129-137
In many slopes, overstressed zones can develop where the shear stress is larger than the available shear strength. Along a
shear surface within a soil exhibiting a strain-softening behavior, the shear displacement increases while the available shear
strength decreases. The excess shear stress is transferred from the overstressed zone to the adjacent zones, providing more
shear strength. This stress-transferring mechanism induces stress redistribution within the slope and could enlarge the overstress
zone. A one-dimensional model that satisfies the strain compatibility and force equilibrium is proposed for the stability
analysis of a slope of strain-softening behavior. This paper’s objective is to facilitate the application of this model to
estimate stress distribution along the failure surface of a strain-softening slope and thereafter the stability status. The
study presents a set of specific solutions to this model by describing and demonstrating procedures to identify the pattern
of a stress state and to calculate stress distribution within a one-dimensional, strain-softening slope. The progressive failure
mechanism is also investigated by using the proposed approach. As the magnitude of released stress gets large enough, it induces
an overstressed zone adjacent to the initial unstable zone and progressive failure develops. The proposed approach is also
applied to study the pattern of stress redistribution. It is found that the pattern of stress redistribution is affected by
the magnitude of released stress. It is too complex to be reasonably expressed by simple models. Though some limitations exist,
the proposed approach serves as a simple tool for a better understanding of the progressive failure mechanism. 相似文献
13.
在劲芯水泥土桩承载路堤的工程应用中,芯桩比外桩短的情况比较普遍。但是,人们对短芯劲芯水泥土桩承载路堤的桩体破坏模式和失稳破坏机理的认识较为欠缺,无法合理评价路堤的稳定性。鉴于此,本文通过室内模型试验,开展短芯劲芯水泥土桩承载路堤失稳破坏模式研究。通过监测芯桩导电通路变化、芯桩桩身应变和桩土竖向应力,并结合PIV技术,综合分析桩体渐进式破坏模式和路堤整体失稳规律。研究结果表明,在路堤顶面下,荷载主要由芯桩承担,并随着超载增加,芯桩外桩荷载分担作用减小,但路堤失稳后芯桩仍具有一定荷载分担作用。在路堤失稳破坏过程中,路堤下桩体表现出受压破坏且芯桩底部局部鼓胀破坏,坡面下桩体表现出压弯和拉弯破坏模式,地基滑动面并不完全穿过桩体破坏位置。 相似文献
14.
15.
《Computers and Geotechnics》1988,6(2):77-93
The construction of earth embankments may lead to the development of excess pore pressures in foundation and embankment soils. The ability to predict the development and dissipation of these pore pressures is important in assessing the performance of such structures. This paper describes a finite element analysis method that allows the prediction of the behaviour of embankments including stress-deformation and consolidation behaviour. The application of the method is demonstrated through application to a reinforced embankment on peat and clay and to a high rockfill dam. 相似文献
16.
Effects of pore water pressure dissipation on rate dependency of shear strength in localised failure of soils 
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下载免费PDF全文 The paper presents analytical solutions for the evolution of excess pore pressures in the vicinity of a shear band in a rate‐dependent, strain‐softening permeable soil, with the aim to explore, both qualitatively and quantitatively, the potential variation of failure shear stress in the shear band. The solutions encompass both dissipation of a pre‐existing pore pressure regime within the main soil domain, and the effects of generation of additional pore pressure within the shear band itself. The simplified analytical solutions were checked by numerical inversion of exact solutions in Laplace transform space, confirming their high accuracy. The solutions show that it is possible for the failure shear stress to rise initially because of short‐term dissipation of the pre‐existing excess pore pressure at a faster rate than generation of new excess pore pressure within the shear band. This apparent strain hardening in a strain‐softening soil can be misleading in that it can temporarily slow down the sliding mass and create a false sense of stabilization of the slope. It can also result in additional temporary shear resistance for sliding foundations or pipelines on the seabed. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
17.
软黏土层一维有限应变固结的超静孔压消散研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
根据土力学固结理论计算分析软黏土层固结过程的超静孔隙水压力值,确定软黏土体固结过程的强度增长,对排水固结法处理软土地基至关重要。软黏土层固结过程中土体变形较大时,有限应变固结理论和小应变固结理论计算分析软黏土固结所得结果差异较大。利用非线性有限元法及程序,通过对软黏土层固结工程算例的计算结果分析,研究了有限应变固结理论和小应变固结理论计算分析软黏土层一维固结超静孔压值消散的差异;探讨了软黏土体一维固结过程中,几何非线性、土体渗透性变化和压缩性变化对超静孔隙水压力消散的影响。研究结果表明,当土体的变形较大时,有限应变固结理论计算出的超静孔压要比小应变固结理论得到的值消散的更快。考虑土体固结过程中渗透性的变化时,超静孔压消散变慢;可用软黏土渗透性变化指数ck 反映渗透性变化对超静孔压消散的影响,渗透性变化指数ck值越小、超静孔压消散越慢。固结过程中软黏土压缩性的大小及变化也影响超静孔压的消散,可用软黏土的压缩指数cc反映固结过程中压缩性的大小及变化对超静孔压消散的影响,软黏土的压缩指数cc越小,固结过程软黏土层中的超静孔压消散越快。 相似文献
18.
《Computers and Geotechnics》1988,6(2):155-175
The strain softening behaviour of soils, coupled with non-uniform loading, may result in progressive failure. Numerical analysis using the finite element method is capable of investigating the generation and the effects of progressive failure. Problems arising in the modelling of strain softening are discussed. A non-linear elastic strain hardening/softening plastic model is used to analyse two embankment failures. In both cases, progressive failure was found responsible for a substantial reduction in the average operating strengths along the failure surface. Two distinct mechanisms of progressive failure generation were uncovered, emphasising the effect of the embankment geometry. 相似文献
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对不同干密度的重塑饱和黏性土进行直剪试验,探讨了剪切速率对重塑饱和黏性土剪应力-剪位移曲线的影响,分析了内摩擦角随剪切速率的变化关系。试验结果表明,干密度越小的重塑土,剪切速率对其内摩擦角的影响越明显。剪切速率主要影响剪切面附近的孔隙水压力,进而影响土体抗剪强度。剪切速率越大,剪切面周围超孔隙水压力越大,使土体总强度降低。在相同的法向应力下,不同剪切速率引起的剪切面周围孔隙水压力增量与抗剪强度差值成正比关系。当剪位移为7 mm时,剪切速率越大,土颗粒位移比较平直,剪切破坏面越平整。 相似文献