共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 140 毫秒
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Jianping LI Tiejun XIE Xinxin TANG Hao WANG Cheng SUN Juan FENG Fei ZHENG Ruiqiang DING 《大气科学进展》2022,39(4):625-642
In this paper,we investigate the influence of the winter NAO on the multidecadal variability of winter East Asian surface air temperature(EASAT)and EASAT decadal prediction.The observational analysis shows that the winter EASAT and East Asian minimum SAT(EAmSAT)display strong in-phase fluctuations and a significant 60-80-year multidecadal variability,apart from a long-term warming trend.The winter EASAT experienced a decreasing trend in the last two decades,which is consistent with the occurrence of extremely cold events in East Asia winters in recent years.The winter NAO leads the detrended winter EASAT by 12-18 years with the greatest significant positive correlation at the lead time of 15 years.Further analysis shows that ENSO may affect winter EASAT interannual variability,but does not affect the robust lead relationship between the winter NAO and EASAT.We present the coupled oceanic-atmospheric bridge(COAB)mechanism of the NAO influences on winter EASAT multidecadal variability through its accumulated delayed effect of~15 years on the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation(AMO)and Africa-Asia multidecadal teleconnection(AAMT)pattern.An NAO-based linear model for predicting winter decadal EASAT is constructed on the principle of the COAB mechanism,with good hindcast performance.The winter EASAT for 2020-34 is predicted to keep on fluctuating downward until~2025,implying a high probability of occurrence of extremely cold events in coming winters in East Asia,followed by a sudden turn towards sharp warming.The predicted 2020/21 winter EASAT is almost the same as the 2019/20 winter. 相似文献
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Xiangdong ZHANG Yunfei FU Zhe HAN James E.OVERLAND Annette RINKE Han TANG Timo VIHMA Muyin WANG 《大气科学进展》2022,39(4):553-565
Three striking and impactful extreme cold weather events successively occurred across East Asia and North America during the mid-winter of 2020/21.These events open a new window to detect possible underlying physical processes.The analysis here indicates that the occurrences of the three events resulted from integrated effects of a concurrence of anomalous thermal conditions in three oceans and interactive Arctic-lower latitude atmospheric circulation processes,which were linked and influenced by one major sudden stratospheric warming(SSW).The North Atlantic warm blob initiated an increased poleward transient eddy heat flux,reducing the Barents-Kara seas sea ice over a warmed ocean and disrupting the stratospheric polar vortex(SPV)to induce the major SSW.The Rossby wave trains excited by the North Atlantic warm blob and the tropical Pacific La Nina interacted with the Arctic tropospheric circulation anomalies or the tropospheric polar vortex to provide dynamic settings,steering cold polar air outbreaks.The long memory of the retreated sea ice with the underlying warm ocean and the amplified tropospheric blocking highs from the midlatitudes to the Arctic intermittently fueled the increased transient eddy heat flux to sustain the SSW over a long time period.The displaced or split SPV centers associated with the SSW played crucial roles in substantially intensifying the tropospheric circulation anomalies and moving the jet stream to the far south to cause cold air outbreaks to a rarely observed extreme state.The results have significant implications for increasing prediction skill and improving policy decision making to enhance resilience in“One Health,One Future”. 相似文献
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QIN Xiao-Hao 《大气和海洋科学快报》2010,3(3):170-175
In this paper, several sets of observing system simulation experiments (OSSEs) were designed for three typhoon cases to determine whether or not the additional observation data in the sensitive regions identified by conditional nonlinear optimal perturbations (CNOPs) could improve the short-range forecast of typhoons. The results show that the CNOPs capture the sensitive regions for typhoon forecasts, which implies that conducting additional observation in these specific regions and eliminating initial errors could reduce forecast errors. It is inferred from the results that dropping sondes in the CNOP sensitive regions could lead to improvements in typhoon forecasts. 相似文献
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With temperatures increasing as a result of global warming,extreme high temperatures are becoming more intense and more frequent on larger scale during summer in China.In recent years,a variety of researches have examined the high temperature distribution in China.However,it hardly considers the variation of temperature data and systems when defining the threshold of extreme high temperature.In order to discern the spatio-temporal distribution of extreme heat in China,we examined the daily maximum temperature data of 83 observation stations in China from 1950 to 2008.The objective of this study was to understand the distribution characteristics of extreme high temperature events defined by Detrended Fluctuation Analysis(DFA).The statistical methods of Permutation Entropy(PE)were also used in this study to analyze the temporal distribution.The results showed that the frequency of extreme high temperature events in China presented 3 periods of 7,10—13 and 16—20 years,respectively.The abrupt changes generally happened in the 1960s,the end of 1970s and early 1980s.It was also found that the maximum frequency occurred in the early 1950s,and the frequency decreased sharply until the late 1980s when an evidently increasing trend emerged.Furthermore,the annual averaged frequency of extreme high temperature events reveals a decreasing-increasing-decreasing trend from southwest to northeast China,but an increasing-decreasing trend from southeast to northwest China.And the frequency was higher in southern region than that in northern region.Besides,the maximum and minimum of frequencies were relatively concentrated spatially.Our results also shed light on the reasons for the periods and abrupt changes of the frequency of extreme high temperature events in China. 相似文献
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1引言在自动站投入使用前绝大多数气象站使用的是EL型风向风速计,其瞬间风速是通过风速指示计人工测得的,人为因素大,精度不够,但人工测量给大风重要天气报、大风危险和解除报提供了依据,不会出现大风记录和报文之间的矛盾现象,而自动站的大风记录却不一样,其记录的大风的起止时间,极大风速及出现的时间是非常精确的,要求值班员实时注意查看自动站的大风记录,避免漏报、错报。由于自动站采集控制软件SAWSS在处理大风记录时存在不足,当大风达到不同的发报标准时不能及时报警,以提醒值班人员作出相应的处理,所以极易造成过时报,甚至漏报。 相似文献
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气象水文灾害的防灾减灾教育培训新进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
智协飞 《南京气象学院学报》2007,30(6):885-889
简要综述了第十届世界气象组织教育与培训大会的主题报告内容.本次大会主要讨论防灾减灾的气象水文教育与培训等问题,集中讨论了"备灾-预防和早期预警"、"减灾-应急、救援和重建"和"跨学科培训"等3个主题,强调集合数值预报系统对于估计出现极端天气事件的风险非常重要,同时必须培训气象、水文工作者使用集合预报中的概率预报信息.中国气象灾害监测、预测和预警已经从单纯提供一般意义上的气象灾害信息提升到有利于社会经济发展的气象灾害服务,既考虑自然因子也考虑经济发展的影响.在跨学科培训方面,将管理知识和气象知识结合起来,可以取得非常好的效果.大会建议提高世界气象组织区域培训中心以及各国气象水文部门培训单位的培训能力,主要通过提供防灾减灾的专门培训单元,对自然灾害风险管理短期课程进行指导,重视各国气象水文部门对于管理和传播领域培训的需求. 相似文献
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传统的推荐系统主要针对单个用户,但随着社会和电子商务的快速发展,人们越来越多地以多个用户的形式一起参与活动,而群组推荐旨在为多个用户组成的群组提供服务,已成为当前研究的热点之一.针对目前群组推荐准确率低,群组成员之间偏好冲突难以融合的问题,本文提出了一种新的共识模型策略,融合了群组领袖影响因子和项目热度影响因子,基于K近邻为目标群组寻找邻居群组,借鉴邻居群组的偏好,设计了基于偏好融合的群组推荐算法.在MovieLens数据集上的实验结果表明,本文所提的融合策略较传统的偏好融合策略有着更优越的表现,推荐准确率（nDCG）的总体平均性能约提高13%,推荐列表多样性指标的总体平均性能约提高10%. 相似文献
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介绍了一种针对DBF(自适应数字波束形成)的最小均方(LMS)自适应处理方法,并在工程上用 FPGA(现场可编程门阵列)实现算法的验证和调试.该算法比较简单,易于在工程上用硬件来实现. 相似文献
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移动端气象直播节目,就是指在移动互联网终端播出的、以气象信息为话题和内容的节目,即以能够通过网络实时传输图像、声音及文字的移动互联网终端应用程序为平台,以直播的形式将气象节目传播给受众。 相似文献
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基于激光雷达资料的气溶胶辐射效应研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用新型激光雷达气溶胶探测资料及综合数值模式,以地形复杂的兰州市及周边地区冬季典型天气形势下的大气边界层为研究对象,通过理想试验模拟研究了城市气溶胶辐射效应与大气边界层的相互作用。结果表明:夜间,低空(50~600 m)气溶胶所在气层冷却效应明显,温度降低0.13~0.18℃,600 m高度以上,气溶胶浓度较低,其冷却效应较小,温度降低不足0.1℃;白天,受气溶胶短波辐射效应影响,边界层内增温明显,增温最大值位于低层脱地逆温层顶300 m高度附近,600 m以上由于气溶胶浓度减小,加热率亦降低,增温由0.2℃减至0.1℃。此外,气溶胶的存在使得所在层的风速降低。可见,激光雷达探测资料在边界层模式中有很好的应用价值,对于研究气溶胶辐射效应的大气边界层响应有重要意义。 相似文献
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In this paper, the decade data of meteorological satellite and surface meteorological observation of China have been analysed. The relationship between cloud and radiation has been studied. A set of empirical formulae of the relationships between the albedo and cloud amount, the outgoing longwave radiation and cloud amount in Chinese different districts and different seasons has been deduced. They express simply the response of both planet reflectivity and earth-atmosphere outgoing longwave radiation to the change of cloud amount. So that the sensitivity of net ra-diation of the earth-atmosphere system to the change of cloud amount and the ratio of cloud reflective effect to greenhouse effect can be estimated. In this paper, the radiative process of the earth-atmosphere system, cloud and radiative balance and its effect on climate have been synthetically studied. 相似文献
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2008年6月印度政府发布了《气候变化国家行动方案》,阐明了印度应对气候变化的原则立场以及减缓和适应措施。方案中明确指出发展中国家是气候变化的最大受害者,发达国家应该承担温室气体减排的责任和义务;由于近年印度排放不断上升,方案也着重提出了提高能效、大力发展可再生能源等措施。与我国发布的《中国应对气候变化国家方案》进行对比,印度国家行动方案中的一些观点和措施值得我国研究和借鉴,该方案为我国进一步提出应对策略、加强国际合作提供了参考。 相似文献
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石爱丽 《中国气象科学研究院年报》2008,(1)
"空中水资源监测技术研究"课题完成了前期调研,制定详细研究计划,任务分解,组织队伍;组成外场技术组,实地勘测和选点;完成了地面观测人员的技术培训;利用参加单位增雨催化飞机进行试验性观测;利用耦合了中国气象科学研究院复杂云物理方案的GRAPES和MM5中尺度数值模式,结合奥运保障服务,将课题研究成果臆用于业务产品的开发中,取得了较好的效果. 相似文献
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针对人脸识别技术中存在的高维问题、小样本问题和非线性问题展开研究.围绕人脸特征提取,采用基于主成分分析和Fisher线性鉴别来克服在人脸识别中的小样本问题,同时将人脸图像从高维空间映射到低维空间从而解决了高维问题;在分类识别方面,采用具有很强的非线性映射功能的RBF神经网络进行模式分类,能够解决人脸识别中的非线性问题.在ORL人脸数据库上进行的仿真实验表明,该方法进行人脸识别具有较高的识别率. 相似文献
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多普勒激光雷达在大气、环境以及风能等领域得到越来越广泛的应用，但对于复杂天气下多普勒激光雷达的适用性仍然有待深入研究。为此本研究采用2020年8—10月期间位于福建三沙的地基多普勒激光雷达与边界层高塔所搭载的超声风温仪观测的风场数据进行对比，发现多普勒激光雷达在水平风速、风向方面具有稳定的高精度探测性能，与超声风温仪之间相关系数达到了0.948和0.984。相比之下，激光雷达垂直风速的探测误差较大，与超声风温仪之间相关系数仅有0.353。研究发现，降雨强度与激光雷达垂直风速误差呈正相关关系，强降雨下垂直风速偏差最大可达到9 m/s。 相似文献