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通过褶皱、断裂、节理、线理等构造形迹的系统观测对铜官山S状背斜的形成过程和机制进行了综合构造解析,发现该背斜经过了3次构造变形,2次构造叠加复合.早期NE向褶皱的S状弯曲是由于前期EW向断裂限制的结果;晚期S状弯曲是由于新华夏构造应力场导致轴近水平的麻花状旋扭的结果;还通过物理模拟和数字模拟验证了限制型及麻花型S状构造形成机制.值得注意的是,通过铜官山S状背斜的综合构造解析可以扩大到整体下扬子台褶带的构造演化力学解析.从而证明根据局部地区的构造综合解析才是认识区域大地构造运动方式、方向及其变化最直接、最可靠的证据. 相似文献
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八卦庙金矿床的控矿构造为脆-韧性剪切带,其变形从早至晚经历了变形分解阶段、构造挤出阶段与倾竖褶皱阶段。在变形分解阶段,剪切带内形成线性强变形带与透镜状弱变形域,并在强变形带中发育一系列"顺层"石英脉,且递进剪切为一系列A型褶曲;在构造挤出阶段,剪切带产状由缓变陡,构造体制逐渐由非共轴剪切转变为近共轴挤压,形成挤出构造控制的构造蚀变岩型成矿构造;在倾竖褶皱阶段,剪切带叠加了顺层非共轴右行剪切,形成八卦庙倾竖褶皱,并在挤出构造体中形成一组NE向剪裂控制的构造脉型成矿构造。挤出构造主要包括:剪切带边部呈叠瓦状分布的内倾弧形逆冲断层系;剪切带内条带状构造大理岩与构造千枚岩间的滑动构造;构造千枚岩带中发育一系列呈倒水滴状、平面上呈不对称"鱼状"的挤出构造体;挤出构造体中含炭泥砾-角砾岩脉。蚀变岩型金矿体发育于挤出构造体中,其空间排布规律及挤出构造结构完全受控于构造挤出时的动力学机制。单个蚀变岩型金矿体向西侧伏,侧伏角约65°;而南、中、北矿带则整体向东侧伏,侧伏角约25°。 相似文献
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张八岭构造带是大别造山带的一部分,是造山带中上地壳出露地区。通过运用构造-地层学的理论和方法,以及对张八岭地区1：5万地质填图资料的分析和典型地区的构造解剖,认为：区内张八岭(岩)群与南华系—震旦系及其以上地层之间不存在强烈的构造运动界面,其作为大别造山带的组成部分发生了强烈的变形作用;印支—燕山早期区内主要存在3期构造变形：早期为一系列呈NXVW、近EW向的紧闭同斜褶皱,中期以韧性剪切带发育为特征,晚期以NW向SE的逆冲推覆作用伴生NNE向为主的宽缓褶皱。三期变形相互叠加,形成区内基本构造格架。伴随着扬子地块向华北地块的俯冲与碰撞,中上部地壳发生褶皱、逆冲推覆(前缘滑覆)作用等,三期变形为一递进变形过程。 相似文献
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南天山造山带中段推覆体内部变形及其与逆冲构造的关系 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
南天山造山带是古生代期间塔里木板块与伊犁—伊塞克湖板块对接、碰撞的产物 ,主体由向南逆冲的推覆体组成。推覆体内部变形构造在垂直于主断面方向上呈规律性变化。从推覆体底部向上 ,褶皱从 A型褶皱 ,紧闭、等斜的 B型褶皱 ,前翼褶皱经斜歪、倒转褶皱渐变为对称的尖棱或箱状 B型褶皱 ;构造面理从发育主断面近平行的 S-面理及剪切滑移的 C-面理渐变为只发育与主断面近垂直的 D-面理。据此 ,可把推覆体自下而上划分成为递进剪切、过渡和等轴挤压三个变形域。变形过程分析表明 ,存在水平挤压变形和随后的简单剪切变形两个变形阶段 ,前者发育于主断裂面形成之前 ,后者发育于主断裂面形成之后。这指示南天山造山带以变形扩展速率高于断裂扩展速率为特征 相似文献
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黔东松桃地区燕山期构造特征研究——以高地超大型锰矿床为例 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
黔东松桃地区构造格局主要是受到燕山运动影响形成。燕山早期,区内处于SEE—NWW向区域挤压收缩,形成了NNE—SSW向褶皱和断裂。下寒武统杷榔组—变马冲组地层和南华系下统大塘坡组地层作为两套滑脱层,在构造变形过程中起到滑脱作用,滑脱层内褶皱变形强烈,以大量紧闭、顶厚不协调褶皱为主要构造样式,而其上、下岩层则以断块或宽缓褶皱变形为主,以软弱层为界面,其上、下岩层发生逆冲滑脱作用,形成了区内隔槽式褶皱的构造样式。燕山晚期,区内处于NNE—SSW挤压为主,形成了区内NWW向小型褶皱和断裂,同时燕山晚期构造横跨叠加在早期变形之上,导致早期NNE向褶皱枢纽呈波状起伏,轴迹弯曲,部分地区形成了构造穹窿和构造盆地,部分早期断层呈左行走滑性质。在燕山早、晚两期构造作用下,高地矿区含锰岩系作为软弱滑脱层,向猴子坳向斜的核部进行滑脱聚集,使其在向斜的核部富集,翼部相对减薄。同时,由于犁式正断层的存在,也影响了锰矿层的保存与破坏。 相似文献
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对川东-湘鄂西断褶带内鄂西地区的弧形构造,从构造剖面特征、叠加褶皱样式和断裂性质入手进行几何学和运动学分析。结果发现鄂西弧形构造具有多期变形特征:早期普遍为北东东向的直线型褶皱,随着弧形带扩展,在东、西两翼分别发育右行和左行的逆冲-走滑断裂,同时分别形成北北东向和北西西向的弧形褶皱。晚期弧形带中部发育北北东向构造并叠加改造了早期北东东和北西西向褶皱,同时在黄陵背斜以西还发育交切早期构造的北北西向仙女山右行走滑断裂。根据弧形带扩展的几何学-运动学分类原则,并结合前人的古地磁研究结果,推测鄂西弧形构造应属于构造弯曲形成的弯曲弧。区域滑脱层和黄陵隆起阻挡可能是控制弧形样式的主要原因。区域滑脱层控制了拆离滑脱褶皱的构造样式; 黄陵基底隆起的阻挡作用使弧形带东翼进一步弯曲变形,并导致了构造应力场方向发生改变,造成了晚期北北东向与早期北东东向构造的叠加。由此恢复的鄂西弧形构造变形过程对于揭示川东-湘鄂西断褶带构造演化具有重要的指示意义。 相似文献
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羌塘盆地由于受多期构造活动的影响形成多个构造层,不同构造层的变形特征存在明显差异。其中三叠纪构造层多形成一些紧闭倒转的小型背、向斜褶皱,侏罗纪构造层内多发育大型宽缓的背、向斜及复背斜、复向斜,而白垩纪—新近纪构造层多位于向斜核部和背斜翼部,形成宽缓的褶曲。褶皱变形以近东西向为主,从老到新不同构造层形成的褶皱由紧闭到宽缓,存在一定的继承性和递进叠加的特点。褶皱轴迹的空间展布及变形特点表明不同时期板块的拼合挤压是导致盆地变形的主要驱动力,基底断裂及基底凸凹变化对褶皱的展布和变形有一定程度的控制和影响。 相似文献
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北京西山地区广泛发育轴向近E-W向的褶皱,对理解华北克拉通东部构造演化至关重要,但目前对其形成时代和构造动力学背景却没有明确的认识.北京房山地区的太平山褶皱是轴向近E-W向褶皱的典型代表.通过精细的野外构造观察和构造年代学研究,确定太平山褶皱的空间展布特征和构造样式,厘定构造变形的时代,为该区乃至华北克拉通东部的构造演化提供重要依据.通过详细的野外构造观察和系统的β图解研究,表明太平山褶皱由直立倾伏背斜和斜歪倾伏向斜构成.通过对早期卷入褶皱变形的煌斑岩席和晚期切层侵入褶皱的闪长玢岩脉进行锆石U-Pb定年,得到煌斑岩席和闪长玢岩脉的形成时代分别为147.2±2.4Ma和129.0±3.2Ma,表明太平山褶皱的形成时代为燕山运动B幕.另外,北京西山地区还存在NW-SE向的伸展构造样式.代表本区NW-SE向伸展的房山穹窿(约136Ma)晚于N-S向挤压构造,侵入切割太平山褶皱,塑造了研究区现今主体构造格架,进一步限定太平山褶皱的形成时代为147～136 Ma.因此,研究区轴向近E-W向的褶皱为早白垩世近N-S向挤压构造的产物;N-S向挤压和NW-SE向伸展的构造样式,为华北克拉通中生代构造体制的转换和动力学背景提供关键依据. 相似文献
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P. D. Pant Ritu Chauhan S. S. Bhakuni 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2012,79(5):429-448
Along the North Almora Thrust (NAT) in the Kumaun Lesser Himalaya, a zone of mylonitic rocks has developed due to strain localization during the tectonic emplacement of the Almora Nappe over the Lesser Himalayan Sequence. This zone is referred here as the NAT zone (NATZ) that is dissected by faults, which are transverse to the Himalayan orographic trend and are known as seismically active structures. Trending NNW-SSE these are the Chaukhutiya and Raintoli faults. Two E-W oriented subsidiary brittle faults across the Chaukhutiya Fault are also recognized. Based on the field study and magnetic fabric analysis an attempt has been made to evaluate the deformation and kinematic history of northeastern margin of the Almora Nappe superposed by the Chaukhutiya faulting that coincides with northeastern margin of the NAT. Field study reveals brittle-ductile and brittle regimes of deformation along the Chaukhutiya Fault. Away from the NAT variable attitudes (E-W or ENE-WSW with gentle dip) of field foliation and axial planes of folds are observed, whereas at and near the NAT the attitudes of beds, including curved lithounits, are steeply dipping and are oriented parallel with the NNW-SSE trending NAT. Curvature in fold hinge line and discontinuous occurrence of lithounits are observed along the fault. 相似文献
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东北亚南区是西太平洋构造带、北美大陆板块(或鄂霍次克板块)与中亚造山带、中朝、扬子板块等交汇部位,在泛大陆(Pangaea)拼合、裂解的宏观背景下中—新生代以来经历了多次构造事件的叠加,构造面貌比较复杂。包括朝鲜半岛在内,许多中—小型陆块的构造归属长期以来一直存在着争议,笔者根据近年来SHRIMP测年信息、生物古地理和相邻构造带的延伸,认为朝鲜半岛、日本飞驒—隐歧地块古生代应该归属于中朝板块;萨哈林岛—日本北海道归属于北美板块;布列亚—佳木斯—兴凯地块古生代归属于西伯利亚板块。20世纪80年代以来绝大多数学者都把本区中生代以来的构造发展同西太平洋壳向东北亚大陆的俯冲联系在一起,然而近年相当多学者从东亚大陆本身的陆-陆碰撞-挤出-扩张来寻求晚中生代以来地壳-岩石圈减薄的地球动力学原因。本区经历了晚海西—印支期古亚洲洋消亡和晚燕山期(晚侏罗—早白垩世)南北大陆的陆-陆碰撞汇聚两个时期,使中亚造山带扩展到中朝板块北缘的阴山—燕山地区,使地壳增厚,形成与现今青藏高原类似的高原地貌;早白垩世晚期—古近纪本区地壳-岩石圈减薄,出现大规模伸展型盆-山结构,郯—庐断裂北延,出现左行走滑错移,东部陆缘俯冲增生、太平洋板块运动转向,引起的挤压变形,以及古近纪晚期大面积准平原化,黑龙江、吉林古近纪隆起边缘断陷盆地中的许多重、贵金属砂矿矿床也多半形成在此期;新近纪本区地壳-岩石圈进一步减薄,大陆裂谷扩展为东亚—西太平洋裂谷带,形成NNE向伸展型盆-山结构,日本海打开,西太平洋岛弧形成,早更新世末初步形成地形阶梯,晚更新世以后才形成了控制着地热与水系分布的现今地貌格架。 相似文献
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Data are presented on the polyphase deformation and plurifacial metamorphism in the eastern part of the Betic Zone of southern Spain. An older period of polyphase deformation with roughly NW-SE fold axes is succeeded by a younger period with NE-SW to E-W axes which coincide with the present grain of the belt. Metamorphism during the older period occurred in two episodes, each consisting of a kinematic stage succeeded by a static stage. These episodes seem to be present in all of the tectonic complexes recognized in the area.Dating of the periods of deformation by means of stratigraphical methods suggests a Neogene or possibly older age for the younger period and a post-Early Jurassic-preNeogene age for the older period. Various considerations, e.g. concerning plate-tectonic origin, suggest a Mesozoic age for the latter.The fold orientations are thought to be in disagreement with the normally assumed northward direction of tectonic transport in the Betic Zone. Movements in this direction are restricted to the younger period of deformation, whereas NE-SW to E-W movements are deduced to have been of major importance during the older period of deformation which relates to the overthrust structures in the Betic Zone. It is here supposed that the original palaeogeographic zones were roughly oriented in a NW-SE direction.Between the younger and older periods, the Betic Zone is supposed to have approached the Subbetic Zone along megashears. The latter zone has not been influenced by the older period of deformation. 相似文献
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本文在分析中国区域地质特征的基础上,以ETM卫星影像为信息源,依据地质学家李四光确定地块的原则和地壳运动规律,根据ETM影像的色调、影纹和地貌等特征,建立了地块划分准则,以此为依据将中国大陆划分成28个大地块,编制了中国大陆地块盆地分布图。本文在分析地壳运动规律和各地块的运动特征的基础上,提出了各地块之间进行着规律性的相互推挤运动,且北部地块向南推移和就位,西部地块向东推移和就位的新观点。本文通过分析已知大中型金属矿床的统计分布规律:大部分矿床分布在地块东、南侧,地块运动方向的前锋,尤其是弧形拼合带前缘;提出了在块体碰撞带或块内大构造带南找大矿的新思路。 相似文献
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Several E-W profiles of Bouguer anomalies across the Precambrian basement were inverted by applying a linearized inversion procedure in the spectral domain and using a simplified two-layer model with a crust-upper mantle interface of constant density contrast. From these inverted profiles, a contour map of Moho topography has been constructed which covers the area of exposed Precambrian basement in the eastern and central parts of the island. Such imaging of the Moho depth in particular exhibits a N20°E-trending zone of substantially thinned crust along the axis of the island. This parallels the east coast margin which resulted from the northward motion of India relative to Madagascar in the Upper Cretaceous. From combined analysis of geological, tectonic and metamorphic observations, this prominent crustal feature in the Precambrian basement of Madagascar is interpreted as the relic of continental lithospheric extension and thinning possibly related to Panafrican collapse tectonics on the eastern edge of the Mozambique belt. This extensional feature would have been reactivated only in part during the rifting and dislocation stages of the Madagascar and India continental blocks as evidenced by an axis of Cretaceous volcanism emphasized by the Ankaratra and Itasy massifs. Final separation nevertheless occurred further east, at the site of the east coast margin. 相似文献
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亚洲东部存在一个巨大的三角形地震构造区域,大体上,喜马拉雅山脉、帕米尔—天山—阿尔泰山—贝加尔和东经105°线是它的3个边界,主要覆盖中国和蒙古国西部众多高原、山脉及山间盆地。三角区内现今构造活动和地震广泛强烈,地壳破碎,显示不均匀的块体边界和块内变形;区外基本上是稳定的刚性陆块,地震很少,变形较弱,处于整体缓慢运动之中。这个宽阔的板内变形区起源于印度、菲律宾海—西太平洋和欧亚三大板块之间的动力作用以及深部地幔流的影响。向北快速运动的印度次大陆已近水平地插入到西藏板块下,沿喜马拉雅弧产生多种运动和变形,并向亚洲内部远距离地扩散。沿东经95°～100°,向北的地壳运动向东和东南方向偏转,阻截了喜马拉雅弧东端的北向运动;而在喜马拉雅弧西端,帕米尔继续向北挤进中亚,受天山—阿尔泰山—贝加尔一线西北側稳定地壳的限制,扩散的变形被中国、蒙古、俄罗斯边境地区一系列EW向和NW向的老断层吸收并在它们的西端终止。菲律宾海—西太平洋向欧亚大陆的消减-俯冲导致沿海沟-岛弧的漫长而狭窄的地震带,但对亚洲大陆的水平挤压较小,未能阻挡亚洲大陆东部向东移动。其部分原因可能是俯冲板片受到来自欧亚大陆下的ES向地幔流的推挤,这个ES向地幔流与来自印度下面的N向地幔流在西藏中部汇合并向东偏转,在大尺度上与GPS观测到的地表移动图像一致。 相似文献
18.
LIU Junlai TANG Yuan XIA Haoran GUO Qiang TRAN My Dung CAO Shuyun WU Hujun WU Wenbin ZHANG Zhaochong ZHAO Zhidan 《《地质学报》英文版》2010,84(6):1377-1390
<正>The Ailaoshan-Red River(ASRR) shear zone is one of the major Southeast Asian tectonic discontinuities that have figured the present tectonic framework of the eastern Tibet.Several metamorphic massifs are distributed linearly along the shear zone,e.g.Xuelongshan,Diancangshan, Ailaoshan and Day Nui Con Voi from north to south.They bear a lot of lines of evidence for the tectonic evolution of the eastern Tibetan at different crustal levels in different tectonic stages.Controversy still exists on the deformation structures,microstructures and their relationship with metamorphisms along the ASRR.In this paper detailed microstructural and EBSD(Electron Backscattered Diffraction) fabric analysis of some highly sheared granitic rocks from different massifs along the ASRR are conducted.High temperature structures and microstructures are preserved in unsheared gneisses,in weakly sheared xenoliths or in some parts of the highly sheared rocks(mylonites).Several types of high temperature quartz c-axis fabrics show symmetrical patterns or transitions from symmetrical to asymmetrical patterns.The former are attributed to coaxial deformation during regional shortening in an early stage of the Indian-Eurasian tectonic interaction and the latter are related to the transitions from coaxial compression to noncoaxial shearing during the post-collisional ASRR left lateral shearing. 相似文献
19.
中国地质构造发展历程 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
<正> 中国位于亚洲大陆的东南部,地跨几个洲际性构造单元的交汇部位。在地质历史上,它经历了多次构造变革逐步演化为目前这种复杂的构造格局。北部的准噶尔—兴安构造带属中亚—中蒙地槽褶皱带的一部分;中部为塔里木—中朝地台;青藏高原的大部分属巨型古地中海构造带中段,喜马拉雅地区属印度地台北缘;东部则隶属于中新生代的环太平洋构造带。 相似文献
20.
《International Geology Review》2012,54(9):840-849
The eastern Pontide magmatic arc extends ～600 km in an E-W direction along the Black Sea coast and was disrupted by a series of fault systems trending NE-SW, NW-SE, E-W, and N-S. These fault systems are responsible for the formation of diachronous extensional basins, rift or pull-apart, in the northern, southern, and axial zones of the eastern Pontides during the Mesozoic. Successive extensional or transtensional tectonic regimes caused the abortive Liassic rift basins and the Albian and Campanian pull-apart basins with deep-spreading troughs in the southern and axial zones. Liassic, Albian, and Campanian neptunian dikes, which indicate extensional tectonic regimes, crop out within the Paleozoic granites near Kale, Gumushane, and the Malm–Lower Cretaceous platform carbonates in Amasya and Gumushane. These neptunian dikes correspond to extensional cracks that are filled and overlain by the fossiliferous red pelagic limestones. Multidirectional Liassic neptunian dikes are consistent with the general trend of the paleofaults (NE-SW, NW-SE, and E-W), and active dextral North Anatolian fault (NAF) and sinistral Northeast Anatolian fault (NEAF) systems. The Albian neptunian dikes in Amasya formed in the synthetic oblique left-lateral normal faults of the main fault zone that runs parallel to the active North Anatolian fault zone (NAFZ). Kinematic interpretation of the Liassic and Albian neptunian dikes suggests N-S extensional stress or northward movement of the Pontides along the conjugate fracture zones parallel to the NAFZ and NEAFZ. This northward movement of the Pontides in Liassic and Albian times requires left-lateral and right-lateral slips along the conjugate NAFZ and Northeast Anatolian fault zones (NEAFZ), respectively, in contrast to the recent active tectonics that have been accommodated by N-S compressional stress. On the other hand, mutual relationships between the neptunian dikes and the associated main fault zone of Campanian age extending in an E-W direction in the Kale area, Gumushane suggest the existence of a main left-lateral transtensional wrench zone. This system might be accommodated by the counterclockwise convergence of the Turkish plate with the Afro-Arabian plate relative to the Eurasian plate, and the southward oblique subduction of Paleotethys beneath the eastern Pontide magmatic arc during the Mesozoic. 相似文献