共查询到17条相似文献，搜索用时 140 毫秒
1.
电缆地层测试器是重要的地层评价仪器,可以测量地层压力和渗透率、识别流体类型、确定油水界面.然而在低孔低渗地层中,由于泥饼的封闭性差而造成的地层增压现象,致使无法测量到地层真实压力.同时由于长时间的测试,容易将仪器卡在地层中而造成事故.本文提出一种确定电缆地层测试最小测试时间的方法.利用有限元方法计算泥饼和原状地层中的压力分布情况,求取泥浆柱静压力的影响半径,继而确定储层的最小测试时间,并且针对渗透性不同的储层给出了最小测试时间的范围.电缆地层测试最小测试时间的确定,可以确保电缆地层测试器在低孔低渗储层中测量到地层的真实信息,减小由于测量时间过长而引起工程事故发生率. 相似文献
2.
3.
在电缆地层测试器的测量过程中，油水两相共渗的情况普遍存在，此时其测量过程的数学模型是非线性的耦合场问题，无法用解析方法求解.加上测量中存在抽吸探针与地层、井筒接触面几何形状复杂、探针与地层尺寸相差悬殊等问题，使得应用渗流力学中较为成熟的有限差分方法求解数学模型也不能获得理想的结果.本文应用适合于处理复杂几何形状计算的有限元方法，根据地层测试器测试过程中油水两相渗流的数学模型，首次建立了地层测试器测量油水两相渗流的有限元模型，给出了验证和求解的实例.运用本文所建立的计算模型可以更准确地模拟测试过程中压力和饱和度随时间和空间变化的情况,为正确使用地层测试器提供指导. 相似文献
4.
Petrophysical evaluation and its application to AVO based on conventional and CMR-MDT logs 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
常规测井为 AVO 分析提供了基础的资料, 成为联系岩石物理与地震资料的桥梁。然而如果储层存在有复杂的流体系统, 如地层被严重地层流体侵入、电阻率响应低及盐水矿化度复杂等的现象, 则常规测井无法提供高质量的测井资料, 导致得出错误的弹性计算结果, 使 AVO 结果与地震资料不吻合。中国渤海湾地区第三系裂缝性储层复杂, 我们利用常规测井和核磁共振测井与模块地层动态测试相结合的组合仪完成了地层评价和储层描述。研究结果表明岩石物理学家利用上述方法技术可以获得诸如空隙度、渗透率、含水饱和度、束缚流体以及空隙压力等重要的储层参数并进一步综合应用这些结果和以实验室测量数据为基础的岩性分析结果进行在地震域岩石物理研究和 AVO 分析。 相似文献
5.
6.
声、电频谱测井直接测量声和电探头频谱的实部和虚部.通常情况下,实部信号幅度比较大,与地层参数的关系不密切;虚部的信号比较小,与地层声、电参数关系密切.测量时,换能器在井下,地面(或者井下电路)发射频率可调的正弦波或者方波电压于声、电探头,测量其电压和电流波形,处理其幅度和相位可得到探头的阻抗或导纳的实部和虚部.由于位于井下的探头的辐射声阻抗和电阻抗都与地层参数有关,因此,通过测量换能器的阻抗或导纳随频率的变化关系可获得地层的声电参数.与现有的测井方法测量一个频率(感应测井)或者瞬态声波波形(主频附近)不同,声电频谱测井对频率进行扫描,获得一定频率段的频谱.具体的频率区间根据井眼条件和所测量的地层参数以及探头结构确定.声电频谱测井理论建立井眼条件下频谱的实部和虚部与地层参数之间的关系,测井资料处理则利用这些关系从测量的频谱曲线获得所测量地层的声、电参数.该方法可以在裸眼井和套管井中进行,并且还可以像最早的电极测井那样,直接在地面完成测量,井下只放置探头,不设置电路.这时声电频谱测井通过电缆输入到井下探头的是正弦波或者方波,电缆对测量结果影响比较大.本文首先给出声电频谱测井的现场实验结果,然后讨论电缆的频谱特征以及对测量结果的影响.电缆的频谱峰在探头阻抗发生变化的时候变化比较小,容易从频谱测量结果中区分出来. 相似文献
7.
基于孔隙介质动电效应的测量方法在油气勘探领域有着巨大的潜在应用价值.本文针对理论预测的随钻动电测井可削弱钻铤波对地层声波干扰的问题,设计了室内随钻动电测井实验装置和测量系统,并在小尺寸砂岩模型井中开展了随钻动电测井实验研究.为了突出随钻动电测井技术的特点,本文先在砂岩模型井中进行了电缆声波测井和电缆动电测井实验测量,获得了地层声波的传播速度.然后又在同一模型井中进行了随钻声波测井和随钻动电测井实验,记录了这两种情况下的测井全波波形,比较了电缆声波/动电测井和随钻声波/动电测井的差异性,并进一步分析了钻铤波和井中动电转换信号的传播特性.本文还通过随钻动电测井的时域波形提取到被测地层的纵横波速度,从实验角度验证了随钻动电测井技术测量地层波速的可行性.此外,本文实验结果对随钻动电测井的仪器设计及现场测量也有参考意义. 相似文献
8.
复杂流体储层核磁共振测井孔隙度影响因素 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
孔隙度是评价储层的基本参数,核磁共振测井是确定储层孔隙度的有效方法.但是,实践中也发现复杂流体储层核磁共振测井孔隙度与地层实际孔隙度存在较大差异,影响了核磁共振测井的应用效果.根据含复杂流体储层的核磁共振测井孔隙度响应方程,分别从流体的纵向弛豫时间、横向弛豫时间、含氢指数以及井眼环境等方面系统研究了影响核磁共振测井孔隙度的各种因素,给出了各因素的影响规律及校正方法,为提高复杂流体储层核磁共振测井孔隙度的应用效果以及发展适合陆相地层核磁共振孔隙度测量方法提供理论基础与实验依据. 相似文献
9.
10.
电缆地层测试在低渗储层应用方法的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
电缆地层测试技术在油气田勘探开发中得到了越来越多的应用,然而在低渗储层中的应用遇到了很大的挑战。本文通过数值模拟和现场资料分析了电缆地层测试在不同渗透性储层中的压力响应和抽吸流体的时间,指出在低渗储层中压降幅度大,压力恢复和抽吸地层流体的时间变长,容易造成预测试失败和仪器卡在井下的危险,阐明了在低渗储层中仪器的管储效应明显,地层容易出现超压现象。针对电缆地层测试在低渗透储层遇到的各种问题,本文在数据处理方面分析了FRA算法(Formation Rate Analysis)原理,探讨了其在低渗储层的适用性。在仪器选择上分析了大面积坐封胶垫探针(LAPA)和双封隔器模块在低渗储层的应用效果,同时指出精密数字泵抽技术是其成功应用于低渗储层的关键。 相似文献
11.
《Journal of Applied Geophysics》2000,43(1):91-100
In well log interpretation, it is frequently necessary to correct logs for invasion. Invasion occurs in permeable formations when there is a radial differential pressure (RDP) between the borehole and formation. Other factors on which invasion depend include saturation, mobility, pressure (RDP) and capillary pressure, permeability and viscosity of fluids, and temperature transient effects associated with the mud filtrate injected into the formation. Thus, simulation of realistic invasion is not an easy task. This work reviews the famous Buckley–Leverett mathematical model in cylindrical coordinates appropriate for borehole geometries. The model predicts multiphase invasion in porous media when gravity, capillary pressure, and mud cake can be neglected. One application is to correct logging while drilling (LWD) and wireline resistivity logs for time-dependent invasion and formation temperature effects. This is important, for example, when there are possible large differences in formation and mud temperature. Modeling studies show these effects can be large enough to noticeably influence resistivity logs. However, after correction, difference in LWD and wireline logs arising from the time-dependent heat process are explained. Thus, the method, when coupled to a time-dependent heat flow model, and a response function formulation of resistivity, yields new insight into the influence of thermal and electrical transients in log interpretation. 相似文献
12.
本文采用有限元方法模拟了电缆地层测试器的双封隔器和谐波脉冲测试方法在井旁裂缝中的压力响应.根据裂缝性储层渗流力学原理,首先模拟了双封隔器压力测试在裂缝与井壁相交和不相交两种情况下的压力响应,模拟结果表明:当裂缝与井壁相交时,压力响应随裂缝导流性质的变化发生显著改变;当裂缝与井壁不相交时,除非裂缝的导流能力非常大或离井壁非常近,否则压力响应随着裂缝导流能力的变化并不明显.说明双封隔器测试方法可以有效评价与井壁相交裂缝的导流能力,而对远离井壁的裂缝并不敏感.谐波脉冲压力测试一直被用来探测地层的各向异性,本文通过数值模拟方法探讨和分析了谐波测试方法探测和评价与井壁不相交裂缝的可行性,数值模拟结果表明谐波的压力幅度和相位延迟对裂缝的导流能力变化敏感,说明该方法可以用来评价井旁裂缝.此外,本文还对脉冲频率和双探针间距对评价效果的影响进行了分析. 相似文献
13.
Spectral gamma ray wireline logging derives the concentrations of potassium, thorium, and uranium of the formation by measuring the gamma ray spectrum under the assumption of secular equilibrium. These measurements were carried out in a number of boreholes drilled by Ocean Drilling Program Leg 193 at the PACMANUS hydrothermal field. Spectral gamma ray logs from several of these holes show intervals of increased radioactivity, associated with high uranium values of up to 60 ppm (Snowcap hydrothermal field) and 25 ppm (Roman Ruins hydrothermal field). Nine samples of hydrothermally altered dacite were analyzed using gamma spectrometry to examine the origin of elevated radioactivity and to test for distortion of secular equilibrium. Core spectrometry indicates that secular equilibrium is distorted. Distortion can be explained by either an uptake of nuclides of the lower part of the 238U decay series, or by removal of 238U or 234Th from the rocks. In all cases wireline uranium logs and core spectrometry do not reflect true uranium concentrations of the formation but uranium is overestimated by a factor of 3–4. At Roman Ruins, uranium values from wireline logging show higher uranium concentrations over large intervals than uranium values from core spectrometry and from published core geochemistry, even when a possible leaching of uranium is taken into account. Wireline logs indicate that depth intervals of increased radioactivity are related to the occurrence of stockwork mineralization. In these depth intervals, core recovery was extremely low. In addition to the distortion of secular equilibrium, low core recovery and preferential loss of softer and more altered material cause a sampling bias between core samples and wireline data and may explain the observed difference in uranium concentrations between core and wireline logs. 相似文献
14.
On the basis of measuring the pressure distribution and analyzing its origin in the Carboniferous and Permian of Shenmu-Yulin area, the evolution history of ancient pressure is restored mainly by means of the basin numerical simulation technique, in which the paleo-pressure has been constrained by the compaction restoration and the examination of fluid inclusion temperature and pressure. Then the development and evolution history of abnormal pressure and its effect on gas migration and accumulation are investigated. Studies show that the pressure in southeastern and northwestern parts of studied area is near to hydrostatic pressure, whereas in the remainder vast area the pressure is lower than the hydrostatic pressure, which is caused by difficulty to measure pressure accurately in tight reservoir bed, the calculating error caused by in-coordinate between topography relief and surface of water potential, pressure lessening due to formation arising and erosion. There are geological factors beneficial to forming abnormal high pressure in the Upper Palaeozoic. On the distraction of measured pressure, paleo-pressure data from compaction restoration and fluid inclusion temperature and pressure exa- mining, the evolution history of ancient pressure is restored by the basin numerical simulation technique. It is pointed out that there are at least two high peaks of overpressure in which the highest value of excess pressure could be 5 to 25 MPa. Major gas accumulated in main producing bed of Shanxi Fm (P1s) and lower Shihezi Fm (P2x), because of two-fold control from capillary barrier and overpressure seal in upper Shihezi Fm (P2s). In the middle and southern districts, the two periods of Later Jurassic to the middle of Early Cretaceous, and middle of Later Cretaceous to Palaeocene are main periods of gas migration and accumulation, while they belong to readjustment period of gas reservoirs after middle of Neocene. 相似文献
15.
To measure elastic wave velocities in rocks at high temperature and high pressure is an important way to acquire the mechanics and thermodynamics data of rocks in the earth's interior and also a substantial approach to studying the structure and composition of materials there. In recent years, a rapid progress has been made in methodology pertaining to the measurements of elastic wave velocities in rocks at high temperature and high pressure with solids as the pressure-transfer media. However, no strict comparisons have been made of the elastic wave velocity data of rocks measured at high temperature and high pressure by various laboratories. In order to compare the experimental results from various laboratories, we have conducted a comparative experimental study on three measuring methods and made a strict comparison with the results obtained by using the transmission method with fluid as the pressure-transfer medium. Our experimental results have shown that the measurements obtained by the three methods are comparable in the pressure ranges of their application. The cubic sample pulse transmission method used by Kern is applicable to measuring elastic wave velocities in crustal rocks at lower temperature and lower pressure. The prism sample pulse reflection-transmission method has some advantages in pressure range, heating temperature and measuring precision. Although the measurements obtained under relatively low pressure conditions by the prism sample pulse transmission method are relatively low in precision, the samples are large in length and their assemblage is simple. So this method is suitable to the experiments that require large quantities of samples and higher pressures. Therefore, in practical application the latter two methods are usually recommended because their measurements can be mutually corrected and supplemented. 相似文献
16.
The modeling of formation pressure in Yinggehai shows that DF1-1 diapir has oscilla-torily released thermal fluids twice since
5.0 Ma, which may be controlled by the multi-structural subsidences and their accompanying thermal events. Using thermal indicators
of formation temperature by DST, I/S mixed clay minerals, homogeneous temperature of inorganic fluid inclusion and δ13C of methane to trace the thermal fluid migrating order and path, we found that there are two orders of natural gas migration-accumulation
in the upper site over the top of the overpressured compartment. Based on the oscillatory development of formation pressure,
we postulate there would exist earlier (before 5.0 Ma) gas accumulation in their deeper site. 相似文献
17.
On the basis of measuring the pressure distribution and analyzing its origin in the Carboniferous and Permian of Shenmu-Yulin area, the evolution history of ancient pressure is restored mainly by means of the basin numerical simulation technique, in which the paleo-pressure has been constrained by the compaction restoration and the examination of fluid inclusion temperature and pressure. Then the development and evolution history of abnormal pressure and its effect on gas migration and accumulation are investigated. Studies show that the pressure in southeastern and northwestern parts of studied area is near to hydrostatic pressure, whereas in the remainder vast area the pressure is lower than the hydrostatic pressure, which is caused by difficulty to measure pressure accurately in tight reservoir bed, the calculating error caused by in-coordinate between topography relief and surface of water potential, pressure lessening due to formation arising and erosion. There are geological factors beneficial to forming abnormal high pressure in the Upper Palaeozoic. On the distraction of measured pressure, paleo-pressure data from compaction restoration and fluid inclusion temperature and pressure examining, the evolution history of ancient pressure is restored by the basin numerical simulation technique. It is pointed out that there are at least two high peaks of overpressure in which the highest value of excess pressure could be 5 to 25 MPa. Major gas accumulated in main producing bed of Shanxi Fm (P1s) and lower Shihezi Fm (P2x), because of two-fold control from capillary barrier and overpressure seal in upper Shihezi Fm (P2s). In the middle and southern districts, the two periods of Later Jurassic to the middle of Early Cretaceous, and middle of Later Cretaceous to Palaeocene are main periods of gas migration and accumulation, while they belong to readjustment period of gas reservoirs after middle of Neocene.
相似文献