共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
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Groundwater microtemperature and strain 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
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Russ Evans John Beavan Roger Bilham Geoffrey King 《Geophysical Journal International》1979,57(1):119-135
Summary . We report 35 measurements of Earth strain tides at 16 near-surface sites in Great Britain. This is the first widespread survey undertaken specifically to examine the problem of the inhomogeneity of elastic strain fields near the Earth's surface. Some sites were instrumented intensively in order to examine variations of tidal admittance over distances of several hundred metres, while measurements from single instruments at other sites were compared with theoretically predicted strain tides. After allowing for cavity and topographic effects, our data show variations of up to 50 per cent in tidal admittance. We interpret such large anomalies as being due to variations in the regional elastic parameters of wavelength about a 100 m or less. The data indicate that strain measurements from single instrument sites must be interpreted with caution. 相似文献
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Carl Richter 《Geophysical Journal International》1992,110(3):451-464
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Seismicity and associated strain of central Greece between 1890 and 1988 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
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Applicability of time-to-failure analysis to accelerated strain before earthquakes and volcanic eruptions 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
Ian G. Main 《Geophysical Journal International》1999,139(3):F1-F6
We examine quantitatively the ranges of applicability of the equation Ω= A+B [1− t/t f ] m for predicting 'system-sized' failure times t f in the Earth. In applications Ω is a proxy measure for strain or crack length, and A , B and the index m are model parameters determined by curve fitting. We consider constitutive rules derived from (a) Charles' law for subcritical crack growth; (b) Voight's equation; and (c) a simple percolation model, and show in each case that this equation holds only when m < 0. When m > 0, the general solution takes the form Ω = A + B [1 + t / T ] m , where T is a positive time constant, and no failure time can be defined. Reported values for volcanic precursors based on rate data are found to be within the range of applicability of time-to-failure analysis ( m < 0). The same applies to seismic moment release before earthquakes, at the expense of poor retrospective predictability of the time of the a posteriori -defined main shock. In contrast, reported values based on increasing cumulative Benioff strain occur in the region where a system-sized failure time cannot be defined ( m > 0; commonly m ≈ 0.3). We conclude on physical grounds that cumulative seismic moment is preferred as the most direct measure of seismic strain. If cumulative Benioff strain is to be retained on empirical grounds, then it is important that these data either be re-examined with the independent constraint m < 0, or that for the case 0 < m + 1 < 1, a specific correction for the time-integration of cumulative data be applied, of the form ΣΩ = At + B '{1 − [1 − t/t f ] m+1 }. 相似文献
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H. M. Bibby 《Geophysical Journal International》1981,66(3):513-533
Summary. A method of simultaneous reduction is presented for determining strain rates from multiple triangulation surveys where common triangulation stations have been used, but the angles of the old survey have not necessarily been reobserved. This method is applied to triangulation in the northern South Island, at the southern end of the Tonga-Kermadec-Hikurangi subduction zone. From a profile of shear strain across the Indian-Pacific plate boundary, the displacement of the Indian plate relative to the Pacific is calculated to be 54 ± 9 mm yr−1 at an azimuth of 84°± 10°, in remarkable agreement with the motion predicted by global plate tectonic models. Most of this motion occurs within a 150 km wide zone bounded on the east by the Hikurangi Trough. Within this zone the motion is partitioned: near the Hikurangi Trough no slip is occurring at the upper surface of the subducting Pacific plate (the subduction thrust) and motion is predominantly thrusting normal to the trough axis: to the west is a region of predominantly dextral strike slip faulting. This pattern is consistent with Fitch's model of oblique subduction. To the south of the profile, a change is observed in the azimuth of the faulting along a line which marks the southern extent of the subduction slab, indicating the end of the partitioned motion. 相似文献
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Relative importance of strain rate and rheology for the mode of continental extension 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
G. Bassi 《Geophysical Journal International》1995,122(1):195-210
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The dynamic strain and strength of frozen silt under long-term dynamic loading are studied based on creep tests. Three groups of
tests are performed (Groups I, II, and III). The initial deviator stresses of Groups I and II are same and the dynamic stress amplitude
of Group II is twice as that of Group I. The minimum value of dynamic stress in Group III is near zero and its dynamic stress
amplitude is larger than those of Groups I and II. In tests of all three groups there are similar change trends of accumulative strain,
but with different values. The accumulative strain curves consist of three stages, namely, the initial stage, the steady stage, and the
gradual flow stage. In the tests of Groups I and II, during the initial stage with vibration times less than 50 loops the strain amplitude
decreased with the increase of vibration times and then basically remained constant, fluctuating in a very small range. For the
tests of Group III, during the initial and steady stages the strain amplitude decreased with the increase of vibration times, and then
increased rapidly in the gradual flow stage. The dynamic strength of frozen silt decreases and trends to terminal dynamic strength
as the vibration times of loading increase. 相似文献
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Dane Blair 《Geophysical Journal International》1977,48(3):393-405
Summary. The combined effects of topography, geology and cavities upon the measurements of tidal strains are considered. A theoretical model is proposed in which the topography and geology are modelled with finite elements, and the cavity (assumed to be elliptical) modelled using the analytical theory. The three effects are then superimposed to form a total model. Previous experimental results obtained for the solid tidal strain in Eastern Australia (Blair & Sydenham) are compared with the present theoretical model and reasonable agreement is found assuming values of the Love numbers for the Gutenberg—Bullen A earth model in which h = 0.61 and l = 0.08 (Farrell). Further experimental results are presented for two strain meters, only one of which is not significantly influenced by the cavity. The relative difference, in harmonic content between the recordings of both strain meters is compared with that predicted by the theoretical model. 相似文献
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Characterization of landslide ground surface kinematics from terrestrial laser scanning and strain field computation 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Assessment and mitigation of the risk induced by landslide activation need an appropriate phenomenon investigation, to obtain useful information about the failure processes. The first step is the complete kinematics characterization of the landslide ground surface, by evaluating the involved displacement and deformation patterns. A dense displacement field can be obtained from comparison of a series of multi-temporal observations performed by means of terrestrial laser scanning. Subsequently, the strain field can be computed from displacement vectors. In this paper, a modified least square technique is employed to compute the strain on the nodes of a regular grid (2D approach) or on the points of a digital terrain model (3D approach). Such a computation takes into account the displacements, their spatial distribution, as well as the measurement and modelling errors. A scale factor is introduced in order to emphasize the contributions of the experimental points on the basis of their distance from each computation point, and to recognize possible scale-depending behaviours. This method has been implemented in Matlab and applied on two landslides located in the northeastern Italian Alps (Lamosano and Perarolo di Cadore). The experiments show that different kinematics can be recognized, and the presence and influence of eventual discontinuities can be revealed. 相似文献
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On the consistency of earthquake moment release and space geodetic strain rates: Europe 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
Steven N. Ward 《Geophysical Journal International》1998,135(3):1011-1018
In this paper, approximately 100 VLBI/SLR/GPS velocities map European strain rates from <0.09 × 10−8 to >9.0 × 10−8 yr−1 with regional uncertainties of 20 to 40 per cent. Kostrov's formula translates these strain-rate values into regional geodetic moment rates M¯˙ geodetic . Two other moment rates, M¯˙ seismic , extracted from a 100-year historical catalogue and M¯˙ plate , taken from plate-tectonic models, contrast the geodetic rates. In Mediterranean Europe, the ratios of M¯˙ seismic to M¯˙ geodetic are between 0.50 and 0.71. In Turkey the ratio falls to 0.22. Although aseismic deformation may contribute to the earthquake deficit ( M¯˙ seismic values less than M¯˙ geodetic ), the evidence is not compelling because the magnitudes of the observed shortfalls coincide with the random variations expected in a 100-year catalogue. If the lack of aseismic deformation inferred from the 100-year catalogue holds true for longer periods, then much of Europe's strain budget would have to be accommodated by more frequent or larger earthquakes than have been experienced this century to raise the ratios of M¯˙ seismic to M¯˙ geodetic to unity. Improved geological fault data bases, longer historical earthquake catalogues, and densification of the continent's space geodetic network will clarify the roles of aseismic deformation versus statistical quiescence. 相似文献
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从铜陵市某矿区土壤中筛选出1株对重金属Pb2+、Zn2+和Cu2+具有抗性的真菌,命名为TL-3。以TL-3为实验菌株,在不同pH值、不同金属离子初始浓度、不同菌体量以及不同吸附时间条件下对Pb2+、Zn2+和Cu2+进行吸附实验,研究其吸附特性与对不同金属离子的吸附能力。结果表明,TL-3对Pb2+、Zn2+和Cu2+的最佳pH值为5.0。在最佳条件下,吸附量在Pb2+,Zn2+和Cu2+的初始浓度分别为200mg/L、300mg/L和200mg/L达到最大,分别为20.61mg/g,23.17mg/g和17.46mg/g。TL-3对三种重金属的吸附均在20h达到吸附平衡。 相似文献
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