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1.
《地震地质》2020,(2)
龙首山位于阿拉善地块南缘,也是青藏高原东北部最外围的山脉之一。揭示龙首山新生代构造变形与隆升过程对于理解青藏高原东北部的隆升与向外扩展及其动力学机制具有重要意义。文中利用磷灰石(U-Th)/He方法,对青藏高原东北部龙首山南、北两侧岩石的侵蚀与隆升过程开展研究。采集自龙首山南缘的11个磷灰石的(U-Th)/He年龄结果显示,在其南缘断层的控制下,龙首山约于14Ma BP发生了强烈隆升或剥蚀,导致上部岩石快速冷却。而在龙首山北缘采集的3个样品的年龄较老(220～240Ma),但年龄非常相近,表明其北侧活动较弱,龙首山整体表现为掀斜模式。龙首山中中新世由南向北的掀斜式抬升不仅揭示了青藏高原东北部挤压应变可能由南向北扩展,同时也限定了青藏高原在中中新世已向NE扩展至阿拉善地块南缘,使龙首山成为高原东北部现今构造与地貌的边界。 相似文献
2.
环青藏高原盆山体系构造与中国中西部天然气大气区 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
新生代特提斯洋向北消减导致欧亚板块与印度板块碰撞,大陆会聚控制青藏高原下地壳增厚、上地壳逆冲叠置和隆升,形成高原地貌．随着青藏高原隆升和向北、向东推挤,挤压构造变形不断向外扩展,形成现今全球最大弥散型陆内构造变形域和板内变形最为活跃的巨型盆山体系,即环青藏高原盆山体系．由于不均一的小克拉通拼贴,地壳发生分异,造山带回春上升,小克拉通沉降,古板块边缘形成继承性前陆盆地群或前陆冲断带群．由这些复活的古造山带、前陆冲断带和小型克拉通盆地三个构造单元共同构成环青藏高原盆山体系．环青藏高原盆山体系是一个巨型的构造体系和特殊性质的喜马拉雅运动期构造域,是中国中西部喜马拉雅运动的主要特征,也是可以与青藏高原相提并论的巨型大地构造单元．挤压冲断构造变形带沿昆仑山．阿尔金山．祁连山．龙门山呈弧形带向北、向东扩展;随着晚新生代印藏持续碰撞,欧亚大陆强烈变形,构造变形带向外围进一步扩展,传递到阿尔泰山．阴山．吕梁山．华蓥山弧形带．冲断构造不断向环青藏高原外围扩展的同时,在盆山体系内部发生强烈陆内变形,古造山带复活,在造山带与盆地边缘形成了新的前陆盆地,冲断构造变形依次从造山带向克拉通盆地内扩展．在欧亚大陆与印度板块的碰撞及其远程效应的控制下,环青藏高原巨型盆山体系从内向外的构造变形强度、盆山耦合程度依次降低;克拉通边缘的单个盆山组合也具有从山前向克拉通方向构造变形强度依次降低,构造变形样式逐渐变得简单、构造变形时间依次变新的规律．在整个环青藏高原巨型盆山体系中,整体表现为三个构造分段：西段构造变形传播、中段高原增生．推覆、东段走滑一抬升．在环青藏高原盆山体系中,古生界克拉通盆地和中新生界前陆冲断带是具有重要天然气勘探价值的两个基本构造单元,它决定了中国中西部天然气分布主要受古生界克拉通古隆起和中新生界前陆冲断带的控制,具有多期成烃与晚期成藏的特点． 相似文献
3.
通过对前人研究的综述,发现青藏高原新生代地质演化与高原东南缘构造演化密切相关.俯冲下插的印度地壳在藏南发生部分熔融并注入青藏高原中部地壳,这些塑性流变的地壳物质在高原东南缘先后沿两个通道流出高原内部：早期为印支通道,开放时间为35 Ma以前并持续到12 Ma;后期为川滇通道,开放时间为12 Ma至今.由于喜马拉雅东构造结与四川盆地之间强烈的挤压,印支通道不断变窄,并在12 Ma被关闭.两个通道的差异,通道的打开和关闭,造成高原中地壳物质流出速率在中新世发生明显变化,在23 Ma以来流出速率小于注入速率,在12 Ma流出速率最小,部分熔融的印度地壳物质不断滞留于高原地壳内部,使得地势相对平坦、面积巨大的青藏高原逐渐形成并分别向南和向北扩展.通过简单的力学分析,本文将高原腹地变形划分为两个阶段：大于35~23 Ma的造山阶段,受控于造山机制;23 Ma至今的造高原阶段,受控于造高原机制. 相似文献
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博格达山链新生代抬升过程及意义 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
东天山的博格达-巴里坤山链是在晚古生代造山以及中生代伸展基础上于新生代强烈抬升而成,其新生代再造山和隆升是欧亚大陆地质史上的标志性重要事件,造就了东天山现今的盆山地貌格局.运用低温热年代学方法,通过系统批量采样,获得了博格达山链新生代抬升过程的3个明显阶段：5.6-19,20-30和42-47Ma,其中20-30Ma是最显著的一期隆升,而且是山链整体的统一隆升,这与西天山以及青藏高原北部同期的构造事件相似.因此,该期隆升意味着青藏高原向北扩展已经影响到了天山一线,同时获得隆升的起动时间为不晚于65Ma,其动力机制是否是印度-欧亚板块开始碰撞的响应目前还不清楚.裂变径迹结果表明,整个博格达-巴里坤山链在整个新生代的构造活动是分阶段的,各期之间具有整体抬升和差异抬升之分,而且沿山体的东西方向和南北方向上具有明显的差异性,表现为隆升由西向东和由北向南迁移,山体以向南的横向扩展为主要趋势.东天山新生代的3期构造事件与青藏高原尤其是高原北部构造事件都能比较好的对应,因此东天山新生代的构造事件很可能是青藏高原尤其是北部演化的响应. 相似文献
5.
应用不可压缩非牛顿粘性流体的本构关系,对造山带同挤压期下地壳流变及其与上地壳构造伸展的动力学关系进行了二维有限元数值模拟. 结果表明,在板块侧向挤压下,当造山带山根下陷和地表隆起达一定程度后,地壳不同层圈岩石将发生复杂的粘性流变. 流变的运动学方式和分布范围不仅与时间有关、同时还受地壳厚度转变带形态的制约. 在构造挤压和山体荷载达到弹性平衡状态后,地壳流变首先发生在造山带下地壳山根,但经一定的Maxwell时间后,流变将不断局限于造山带前缘的厚度转变带. 这一流变方式的变化是导致造山带浅部地壳动力学转变的主要原因. 它造成造山带内上地壳最小主应力从近水平挤压不断转化为近水平拉张,由此使造山带前陆发生挤压冲断的同时,山体的核部发生上地壳的拉张伸展. 最后,应用这一结果讨论了青藏高原南缘南北向地壳伸展的动力学性质. 相似文献
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7.
青藏高原不同部位低温热年代学记录、沉积记录和构造变形记录揭示出存在60~35,25~17,12~8Ma（藏南17~12Ma）和大约5Ma以来4个主要强构造隆升剥露阶段.除了藏南地区在17~12Ma发生藏南拆离系的活动及其所控制的高喜马拉雅结晶基底岩系的快速抬升剥露这一特殊情况外,青藏高原不同地区主要强构造隆升剥露阶段具有准同时性.几个强隆升剥露阶段对应于几个强构造变形活动时期,反映隆升剥露主要受构造动力控制.新生代以砾岩为代表的粗碎屑物的分布、前陆盆地或走滑拉分盆地的分布及其沉积充填、角度不整合的发育和地层间断缺失,以及受断裂控制的盆山地貌变迁和高原扩展与青藏高原几个强构造抬升剥露阶段也具有良好的匹配关系.本文还讨论了青藏高原作为地表隆升的高原形成过程,揭示高原的形成是随时间演变不断扩展的过程. 相似文献
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《中国科学:地球科学》2015,(10)
对吕梁山地区中-新生代隆升时限及其演化的认识,是恢复鄂尔多斯盆地沉积东界的基础,也是探讨华北克拉通演化和破坏等科学问题的有机组成部分.本文以盆山耦合的研究思路为指导,通过较系统的裂变径迹热年代学采样分析,认为吕梁山地区显生宙的隆升活动主要发生在早白垩世晚期以来,可进一步分为缓慢抬升(120~65 Ma)、加速抬升(65~23 Ma)及强烈抬升(23 Ma以来)3个隆升演化阶段,新生代以来是其最主要的隆升时期.抬升作用在空间上具非均衡性,中、北部抬升早,南部晚.晚新生代以来吕梁山地区的快速隆升作用,与东部相邻断陷的沉降具有成因耦合联系.吕梁山地区晚中生代-新生代以来的隆升演化,可能主要与青藏高原挤压造山作用和太平洋板块俯冲的远程效应有关. 相似文献
10.
对龙门山中生代和新生代构造演化的讨论 总被引：23，自引：0，他引：23
5．12汶川大地震是在无任何征兆的情况下发生的,这表明龙门山构造带现今的应力与应变场以及在历史中形成的构造格架极为复杂．龙门山构造格架先是形成于太平洋和特提斯两大构造域在中生代的相互作用,后又作为青藏高原的东边界协调青藏高原的隆升和水平生长,其现今的地质地貌格局就形成于这两构造事件的叠加作用．在晚三叠世,扬子西缘发生陆内汇聚作用,在川西形成龙门山构造带,并导致四川前陆盆地的形成,龙门山与四川前陆盆地表现出典型的盆山耦合关系．然而,在中生代大部分时间里,松潘-甘孜构造带与扬子地块表现出截然不同的造山极性．扬子地块沿一系列左行走滑断裂持续发生顺时针旋转,并主要在四川盆地发育一套河湖相沉积,而松潘-甘孜构造带则以大规模北东．南西向挤压缩短为特征,并发生整体抬升．在新生代大部分时间里,龙门山和四川盆地对青藏高原的生长和抬升并没有表现出强烈的构造和沉积响应．在地壳表面水平变形速率很低的背景下,现今的龙门山却呈现出非常年轻的高峻地貌特征,其地形梯度之大甚至超过喜马拉雅山．由此可以推测青藏高原与四川盆地之间的汇聚作用可能发生在地壳深部,可能受下地壳流动的控制．晚新生代时期发源于青藏高原东缘的岷江在龙门山山前突然卸载了大量的洪积物,充填在成都平原内,是气候还是构造成因？对此存在不同的认识．汶川大地震引发了大面积的滑坡、泥石流和河流的堰塞,这些地质灾害给我们的启示是：成都平原的砾石沉积可能有相当一部分与地质历史中大地震引发的洪水有关,其中最著名的是大邑砾岩．在大邑砾岩之下还存在一套沉积特征截然不同的砾岩,其年龄可能是晚中新世（8～13Ma）,这些砾岩连同上覆的大邑砾岩和下伏? 相似文献
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Tectonic deformation of Cenozoic strata,youthful tectonontorphology,and high seismicity in the western part of Sichuan and Yunnan(Southwest China)marked intensive tectonism there during the Ceno7oic.It is a good place for studying the continental geodynamics because it is far away from those active plate boundaries surrounding the East Asian continent but near the southeastern margin of the Qinghai-Xizang(Tibet)plateau.The present study discriminated two phases of tectonic deformation with quite different styles in Cenozoic.Early compression deformation,expressed by folds,thrust,and even nappe structure,mainly occurred between the middle and late Eocene.Late extension deformation expressed by block-faulting started at least in the late Pliocene.Nonconformity,absence of strata,nonsuccessive tectonism,and inverse movement of the faults in late stages illustrated that two different deformation phases should be caused by different geodynamic processes.The early compression deformation would be related to Ar 相似文献
12.
Evolution characteristics of Quaternary tectonic stress field in the north and east margin of Qinghai-Xizang plateau 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
By inversion of fault slip data for Quaternary tectonic stress field and the analysis of crustal deformation after late Teriary, we explained the evolution of crustal dynamic about the north and east margin of Qinghai-Xizang (Tibet) plateau since Miocene. From middle or late Miocene to early Pleistocene, the tectonic stress field was featured by a maximum principal compression which was coming from the collision of India Plate perpendicular to the boundary of the plateau, and was basically of reverse faulting type. Since the late period of early Pleistocene, India Plate continued to push northward and the compressional deformation of the plateau interior increased continuously, meanwhile, NW-SE extension appeared on the east side of the plateau. This formed a favorable condition for the interior block of the plateau to slide towards east and southeast, causing the faults surrounding the plateau to change from thrust to strike-slip. The contemporary tectonic stress field was formed from the late period of early Pleistocene and continued to present. The direction of maximum principal compressional stress rotated clockwise with respect to the previous tectonic stress field, the stress field was mainly of strike-slip type. 相似文献
13.
GEOMORPHOLOGY OF THE GYARING CO FAULT ZONAL DRAINAGE SYSTEM AND ITS STRUCTURAL IMPLICATIONS 
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下载免费PDF全文 Strike-slip faults and normal faults are dominant active tectonics in the interior of Tibetan plateau and control a series of basins and lakes showing extension since the Late Cenozoic, by contrast with the thrust faulting along the orogenic belts bordering the plateau. The late Neotectonic movement of those faults is key information to understand the deformation mechanism for Tibetan plateau. The Gyaring Co Fault is a major active right-lateral strike-slip fault striking~300° for a distance of~240km in central Tibet, in south of Bangong-Nujiang suture zone. The Gyaring Co Fault merges with the north-trending Xainza-Dinggye rift near the southern shore of Gyaring Co. From NW to SE, Dongguo Co, Gemang Co-Zhangnai Co, Zigui Co-Gyaring Co form the Gyaring Co fault zonal drainage basin. Some scholars have noticed that the formation of lakes and basins may be related to strike-slip faults and rift, but there is no analysis on the Gyaring Co fault zonal drainage basin and its response to regional tectonics. In recent years, a variety of quantitative geomorphic parameters have been widely used in the neotectonic systems to analyze the characteristics of the basin and its response mechanism to the tectonic movement. In this paper, we applied ASTER GDEM data on the ArcGIS platform, extracted the Gyaring Co fault zonal drainage basin based on Google Earth images (Landsat and GeoEye) and field work. We acquired basic geomorphic parameters of 153 sub-basin (such as grade, relief, average slope, area) and Hypsometric Index (HI) value and curve. Statistical results have indicated significant differences in scale(area and river network grade)in north and south sides of the fault. Southern drainage basins' relief, slope, HI value are higher than the northern basins, and the overall shape of hypsometric curve of northern basins are convex compared with southern concavity. Along the strike of the Gyaring Co Fault, average slope, and HI value are showing generally increasing trending and hypsometric curve become convex from west to east. By comparing and analyzing the lithology and rainfall conditions, we found that they have little influence on the basic parameters and HI value of drainage basins. Therefore, the changes of basin topographic differences between northern and southern side of fault and profile reveal the Gyaring Co Fault has experienced differential uplift since the late Cenozoic, southern side has greater uplift compared to the north side, and the uplift increased from NW to SE, thus indicate that normal faulting of the Gyaring Co Fault may enhanced by the Xainza-Dinggye rift. The early uplift of the Gangdise-Nyainqentanglha Mountain in late Cenozoic might provide northward inclined pre-existing geomorphic surfaces and the later further rapid uplift on the Gangdise-Nyaingentanglha Mountain and Xainza-Dinggye rift might contribute to the asymmetrical development of the Gyaring Co fault zonal drainage basin. 相似文献
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四川盆地西南缘紧邻龙门山褶皱冲断带(青藏高原东边界)南段.该地区的新生代早期红层沉积记录了青藏高原东缘的隆升历史及构造演变.本研究选取四川盆地西南缘芦山地区古新统—下渐新统名山组—芦山组地层剖面为研究对象,利用磁组构方法,结合前人对研究区古地磁及构造变形的研究,恢复了该地区新生代早期的古应力方向.本研究获取了548块样品的磁组构数据,这些磁组构的磁面理与层面平行,产状校正后磁线理呈NE-SW方向(39°/219°),K3主轴方向相对集中(为120.9°±1.3°),为弱应变背景下平行层缩短之前初始变形磁组构类型,主要形成于地层成岩阶段,未受到后期褶皱等构造变形的强烈改造.本研究认为芦山剖面磁组构结果记录了研究区新生代早期的构造变形信息:新生代早期龙门山褶皱冲断带南段及川西南盆地受NW-SE向的最大主应力控制.该地区新生代晚期及现今应力场与新生代早期一致,可能继承了新生代早期的应力体制,暗示龙门山作为青藏高原的东边界可能在新生代早期已经形成. 相似文献
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IntroductionAccording to the division of Neo-tectonically active blocks northeastern Qinghai-Xizang (abbreviated as QX thereafter) plateau is a juncture region where 3 intra-continental subplates, the Qinghai-Xizang, Xinjiang and North China subplate, meet with each other (DING, 1991). The subplates generally consist of blocks. Specifically, around the Yinchuan-Haiyuan (quasi-trijuncture( (TIAN, DING, 1998), where the 3 subplates meet, to the south locates the Gansu-Qinghai (GQ) blo… 相似文献
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GEOLOGICAL AND GEOMORPHIC EVIDENCE FOR DEXTRAL STRIKE SLIP OF THE HELAN SHAN WEST-PIEDMONT FAULT AND ITS TECTONIC IMPLICATIONS 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 LEI Qi-yun ZHANG Pei-zhen ZHENG Wen-jun DU Peng WANG Wei-tao YU Jing-xing XIE Xiao-feng 《地震地质》2017,39(6):1297-1315
The horizontal movement of the Helan Shan west-piedmont fault is important to determination of the present-day boundary between the Alashan and North China blocks as well as to the exploration of the extent of the northeastward expansion of the Tibetan plateau. Field geological surveys found that this fault cuts the west wing of the Neogene anticline, which right-laterally offset the geological boundary between Ganhegou and Qingshuiying Formations with displacement over 800m. The secondary tensional joints (fissures)intersected with the main faults developed on the Quaternary flood high platform near the fault, of which the acute angles indicate its dextral strike slip. The normal faults developed at the southern end of the Helan Shan west-piedmont fault show that the west wall of this fault moves northward, and the tensional adjustment zone formed at the end of the strike slip fault, which reflects that the horizontal movement of the main fault is dextral strike slip. The dextral dislocation occurred in the gully across the fault during different periods. Therefore, the Helan Shan west-piedmont fault is a dextral strike slip fault rather than a sinistral strike slip fault as previous work suggested. The relationship between the faulting and deformation of Cenozoic strata demonstrates that there were two stages of tectonic deformation near the Helan Shan west-piedmont fault since the late Cenozoic, namely early folding and late faulting. These two tectonic deformations are the result of the northeastward thrust on the Alashan block by the Tibet Plateau. The influence range of Tibetan plateau expansion has arrived in the Helan Shan west-piedmont area in the late Pliocene leading to the dextral strike slip of this fault as well as formation of the current boundary between the Alashan and North China blocks, which is also the youngest front of the Tibetan plateau. 相似文献
17.
报告了中、美两国在喜马拉雅山区进行的第一次深反射地震试验的结果．试验剖面南起喜马拉雅山山脊南亚东县的帕里镇，向北穿过喜马拉雅山脊的荡拉，到达康马南的萨马达．剖面长约１００ｋｍ．共中心点（ＣＭＰ）叠加剖面上显示出：１．在地壳中部有一强反射带，向北缓倾斜下去，延长达１００ｋｍ以上．它可能代表了一个活动的逆冲断裂或是一条巨大的拆离带，印度地壳整体或下地壳沿此拆离层俯冲到藏南之下．２．上部地壳的反射很丰富，显示了上地壳存在着大规模的叠瓦状结构．３．下地壳的反射同相轴呈现短而有规律的分布，显示了塑性流变特征．４．在测线南部莫霍反射明显，深度达７２－７５ｋｍ．发现南部有双莫霍层的存在．５．试验中还取得莫霍层下面３２，３８，４８ｓ等双程走时的多条反射，向北倾斜，反射同相轴延续较长，信息丰富，反映了上地幔的成层结构和变形特征．这些结果对印度大陆地壳整体或其下地壳俯冲到藏南特提斯喜马拉雅地壳之下，并导致西藏南端地壳增厚的观点，给予了实质性的支持． 相似文献
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Present-day tectonic movement in the northeastern margin of the Qinghai-Xizang (Tibetan) plateau as revealed by earthquake activity 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Characteristics of present-day tectonic movement in the northeastern margin of Qinghai-Xizang plateau (Tibetan) are studied
based on earthquake data. Evidence of earthquake activity shows that junctures between blocks in this area consist of complicated
deformation zones. Between the Gansu-Qinghai block and Alxa block there is a broad compressive deformation zone, which turns
essentially to be a network-like deformation region to the southeast. The Liupanshan region, where the Gansu-Qinghai block
contacts the Ordos block, is suffering from NE-SW compressive deformation. Junction zone between the Ordos and Alxa block
is a shear zone with sections of variable trend. The northwestern and southeastern marginal region of the Ordos is under NNW-SSE
extension. The above characteristics of present-day tectonic deformation of the northeastern Qinghai-Xizang plateau may be
attributed to the northeastward squeezing of the plateau and the resistance of the Ordos block, as well as the southeastward
extrusion of the plateau materials.
Foundation item: State Natural Science Foundation of China (49732090) and the Development Program on National Key Basic Researches under
the Project Mechanism and Prediction of Continental Strong Earthquakes (95-13-02-05).
Contribution No. 00FE2003, Institute of Geophysics, China Seismological Bureau. 相似文献
19.
北京延庆盆地50万年以来的主要构造事件及年代学的初步研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
延庆盆地是一个位于燕山山及脉南京的晚新生代形成的小型断陷盆地，通过对延庆盆地系统的野外调查，根据延庆分协的地貌，只物，断裂活动等特征，初步认为延就分协在过去约５０万年曾发生守三次对盆地地貌和沉积环境演化发生过重要升改变盆地演经过程的重大构造事件。 相似文献
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Yasuto Itoh 《Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors》2005,153(4):220-226
Off the southern coast of Hokkaido the Hidaka-oki (offshore Hidaka) basin has developed on the western flank of a collision suture under the influence of long-standing compressional plate motion and provoked tectonic stresses around the northwestern Pacific rim throughout the late Cenozoic. The basin forming history of the Japan arc and Kuril arc collision zone is described on the basis of seismic reflection data interpretation. We identify two stages of basin formation: the older (late Oligocene-Miocene) faulted en echelon graben (pull-apart basin) and younger (Plio-Pleistocene) regional downwarping. Paleoenvironmental changes recorded within the fore-arc sediments indicate that the older basin filled up by the late Miocene. We inferred the volumes of the distinctive basins from the depth-conversion of seismic data, which suggest episodic uplifts and massive erosion of the Hidaka Mountains in the middle-late Miocene and the Plio-Pleistocene. Estimated sediment supply rates into the basins have a similar level for the both stages. Cause of an episodic uplift in the older stage is attributed to the delayed opening of the Japan Sea. The eastern Eurasian margin underwent N-S right-lateral faulting at 25 Ma as a result of rifting of the Kuril back-arc basin. Formation of the Japan Sea back-arc basin since the early Miocene (ca. 20 Ma) caused eastward motion of the western Hokkaido block and transpressive regime along the pre-existing N-S shear deformation zone. 相似文献