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1.
Andesites from the Peruvian Andes and the Banda arc of Indonesia are characterized by unusually high and variable 87Sr/86Sr ratios. The Banda arc samples, including two cordierite-bearing lavas from Ambon, show a clear positive correlation between 87Sr/86Sr and δ18O. The andesitic rocks have δ18O values that range from 5.6 to 9.2‰. Over that range in δ18O, 87Sr/86Sr increases from 0.7044 to 0.7095. The cordierite-bearing lavas have δ18O values of approximately 15‰ and 87Sr/86Sr ratios of approximately 0.717. The similarity between δ18O values and 87Sr/86Sr ratios in total rocks and separated plagioclase phenocrysts of the Banda arc samples indicates that the measured isotope ratios are primary and have not been affected by secondary, low-temperature post-eruptive alteration. The observed variation between O and Sr isotopic ratios can be modeled by two-component mixing in which one component is of mantle isotopic composition. As the crust beneath the Banda arc is probably oceanic, contamination of the manle component may have resulted from the subduction of either continentally-derived sediments or continental crust. Mixing calculations indicate that the contaminant could have an isotopic composition similar to that observed in the cordierite-bearing lavas.The Andean samples, despite petrographic evidence of freshness, exhibit whole-rock δ18O values significantly higher than those of corresponding plagioclase phenocryst separates, indicating extensive low-temperature post-eruptive alteration. The plagioclase mineral separates show a range of δ18O values between 6.9 and 7.9‰. The 87Sr/86Sr ratios of these same samples are, in most instances, not significantly different from those measured for the whole rock, thus signifying that the phenocrysts and groundmass were in isotopic equilibrium at the time of eruption. Unlike the lavas of the Banda arc, the Andean lavas show no strong positive correlation between 87Sr/86Sr ratios and δ18O values, but instead lower 87Sr/86Sr ratios appear to be associated with higher δ18O values. The δ18O and 87Sr/86Sr values of the Peruvian samples are both slightly higher than those of “normal” island arc volcanics.The small proportions of contaminant implied by the O isotope results seem to preclude continental crustal contamination as a primary cause of high 87Sr/86Sr ratios. The most plausible process that can explain both O and Sr isotope results is one in which sediments of continental origin are partially melted in the subduction zone. These melts rise into overlying mantle material and subsequently participate in the formation of calc-alkaline magmas.If the involvement of a sialic component in the genesis of andesitic magma occurs in the subduction zone, melting of that sialic material signifies temperatures of at least 750–800°C at the top of the subducted lithospheric slab at depths of approximately 150 km. The fact that contamination has apparently occurred in the Banda arc samples without producing any simple widespread correlations between Sr and O isotopic compositions on the one hand and major or trace element abundances on the other, shows that isotopic correlations, possibly including pseudo-isochrons, can be produced by mixing without producing trace element mixing correlations. Because O versus Sr isotope correlations are little affected by processes of partial melting of differentiation, they provide a direct means of testing whether Sr isotopic variations in volcanic rocks are of mantle origin or are due instead to mixing with sialic material.  相似文献   

2.
Neodymium isotope and REE analyses of recent volcanic rocks and spinel lherzolite nodules from the Afar area are reported. The143Nd/144Nd ratios of the volcanic rocks range from 0.51286 to 0.51304, similar to the range recorded from Iceland. However, the87Sr/86Sr ratios display a distinctly greater range (0.70328–0.70410) than those reported from the primitive rocks of Iceland. Whole rock samples and mineral separates from the spinel lherzolite nodules exhibit uniform143Nd/144Nd ratios (ca. 0.5129) but varied87Sr/86Sr ratios in the range 0.70427–0.70528.The SrNd isotope variations suggest that the volcanic rocks may have been produced by mixing between two reservoirs with distinct isotopic compositions. Two possible magma reservoirs in this area are the source which produced the “MORB-type” volcanics in the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden and the anomalous source represented by the nodule suite. The isotopic composition of the volcanics is compatible with mixing between these two reservoirs.It is shown that the anomalous source with a high87Sr/86Sr ratio cannot have been produced by simple processes of partial melting and mixing within normal mantle. Instead the high87Sr/86Sr is equated with a fluid phase. A primitive cognate fluid, subducted seawater or altered oceanic lithosphere may have been responsible for the generation of the source with a high87Sr/86Sr ratio.  相似文献   

3.
Initial87Sr/86Sr ratios have been determined for a representative suite of Upper Cretaceous granodiorites and associated rocks from the Above Rocks composite stock in central Jamaica and the Terre-Neuve pluton in northwestern Haiti. The average initial87Sr/86Sr ratio for severn samples of the Terre-Neuve intrusion is 0.7036, with a range of 0.7026–0.7047. For two samples of the Above Rocks the initial ratios are 0.7033 and 0.7034. A third sample from this intrusive has an initial ratio of 0.7084, which is tenatively attributed to contamination. The initial87Sr/86Sr ratios indicate that neither ancient sialic crust nor sediments carried down a Benioff zone can be the primary source of the granodioritic magma. K/Rb ratios for these rocks range from 178 to 247, which are much lower than the average values (≥1000) for tholeiitic basalts. It is concluded that the magmas originated primarily by melting of downthrust oceanic crust or adjacent mantle material.  相似文献   

4.
Seventeen whole-rock samples, generally taken at 25–50 m intervals from 5 to 560 m sub-basement in Hole 504B, drilled in 6.2 m.y. old crust, were analysed for87Sr/86Sr ratios, Sr and Rb concentrations, and18O/16O ratios. Sr isotope ratios for 8 samples from the upper 260 m of the hole range from 0.70287 to 0.70377, with a mean of 0.70320. In the 330–560 m interval, 5 samples have a restricted range of 0.70255–0.70279, with a mean of 0.70266, the average value for fresh mid-ocean ridge basalts (MORB). In the 260–330 m interval, approximately intermediate Sr isotopic ratios are found.δ18O values (‰) range from 6.4 to 7.8 in the upper 260 m, 6.2–6.4 in the 270–320 m interval, and 5.8–6.2 in the 320–560 m interval. The values in the upper 260 m are typical for basalts which have undergone low-temperature seawater alteration, whereas the values for the 320–560 m interval correspond to MORB which have experienced essentially no oxygen isotopic alteration.The higher87Sr/86Sr and18O/16O ratios in the upper part of the hole can be interpreted as the result of a greater overall water/rock ratio in the upper part of the Hole 504B crust than in the lower part. Interaction of basalt with seawater(87Sr/86Sr=0.7091) increased basalt87Sr/86Sr ratios and produced smectitic alteration products which raised whole-rock δ18O values. Seawater circulation in the lower basalts may have been partly restricted by the greater number of relatively impermeable massive lava flows below about 230 m sub-basement. These flows may have helped to seal off lower basalts from through-flowing seawater.  相似文献   

5.
Oxygen and strontium isotope ratios have been used to characterize source regions for granitic magmas for a transect across the northern Appalachian orogen in central and eastern Maine. The northwestern plutons (Katahdin and Seboeis) have δ18O values of 10.3–13.3 and initial 87Sr/86Sr ratios of 0.7083 and 0.7066, respectively. The central plutons (Bottle Lake and Center Pond) have lower δ18O values (8.2–9.9) and initial 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7043–0.7055). The southeastern plutons (Lucerne and Deblois) have δ18O values (9.0–11.0) but initial 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7077 and 0.7041, respectively) which are intermediate between the northwestern and central plutons.Source models derived from these results and other petrological and geochemical data reflect the juxtaposition of discrete source regions by transcurrent faulting, which may be related to oblique plate motions. This model illustrates the importance of microplate accretion in the Palaeozoic history of the northern Appalachian orogen.  相似文献   

6.
Clinopyroxenes separated from garnetiferous ultramafic rocks in the core zone of the Norwegian Caledonides have rubidium concentrations of 0.008 to 0.064 ppm, strontium concentrations of 23.5 to 421 ppm, and 87Sr/86Sr ratios of 0.7011 to 0.7029. The very low Rb/Sr ratios of the clinopyroxenes (less than 0.0004) suggest that their 87Sr/86Sr values have not varied significantly over geologic time and may approximate the initial 87Sr/86Sr of the eclogite-facies ultramafic mineral assemblages at their time of formation. The ultramafic rocks occur in a basement complex that yields Rb-Sr whole-rock and U-Pb zircon ages of about 1800 m.y. Garnetiferous ultramafic rocks are apparently lacking in younger (Sveconorwegian or Caledonian) sialic sequences, raising the possibility that the eclogite-facies metamorphism may have occurred at least 1800 m.y. ago. The Rb/Sr and 87Sr/86Sr ratios of the clinopyroxenes are as predicted for the ancient upper mantle under most evolutionary models. However, the data do not preclude the possibility that the eclogite-facies metamorphism occurred in the crust. The garnetiferous ultramafic rocks are generally enclosed by large volumes of dunite which could have shielded the eclogite-facies assemblages from contamination by fluids from the country rock during metamorphism.  相似文献   

7.
Oceanic87Sr/86Sr ratios during Jurassic to Pleistocene have been determined by analysing fresh waters from marine limestone and dolomite aquifers. The results are in good agreement with published data from well preserved fossil material. The87Sr/86Sr ratios obtained are 0.7070 for Lower to Middle Jurassic, 0.7075 for Late Cretaceous, 0.7080 for Lower to Middle Eocene and 0.7087 for Pleistocene aquifer waters. The value of87Sr/86Sr for the Eimer and Amend isotopic standard was 0.7082.  相似文献   

8.
To investigate the source, flow paths, and chemistry of rich resources of high‐quality, shallow groundwater in the alluvial fan between the Tedori and Sai rivers in central Japan, we analysed stable isotope ratios of H, O, and Sr and concentrations of major dissolved ions and trace elements in groundwater, river water, and paddy water. The 87Sr/86Sr ratios of the groundwater are related to near‐surface geology: groundwater in sediment from the Tedori River has high 87Sr/86Sr ratios (>0.711), whereas that from the Sai River in the north of the fan has low 87Sr/86Sr ratios (<0.711). δ2H and δ18O values and 87Sr/86Sr ratios indicate that groundwater in the central and southern fans is recharged by the Tedori River, whereas recharge in the north is from the Sai River. Mg2+, Ca2+, Sr2+, HCO3?, and SO42? concentrations and δ2H and δ18O values in the groundwater are high in the central fan and, except for the northern area, tend to increase with distance from the Tedori River. There are linear relationships between 87Sr/86Sr ratio and the reciprocal concentrations of Sr2+, Mg2+, and Ca2+. These geochemical characteristics suggest that as groundwater recharged from the Tedori River flows towards the central fan, it mixes with waters derived from precipitation and paddy water that have become enriched in these components during downward infiltration. These results are consistent with our hydrological analysis and numerical simulation of groundwater flow, thus verifying the validity of the model we used in our simulation of groundwater flow. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

9.
18O/16O and 87Sr/86Sr ratios were determined for Quaternary calc-alkalic volcanic rocks from six volcanic rock suites in the central and western Japan arcs. The δ18O values relative to SMOW and 87Sr/86Sr ratios range from +6.3 to +9.90/00 and 0.70357 to 0.70684, respectively. Both the O- and Sr-isotopic compositions are higher than those for island-arc primitive magmas and their differentiates. The isotopic compositions of the calc-alkalic rocks cannot be derived by a simple fractional crystallization of the primitive magmas. On the other hand, the 18O- and 87Sr-enrichment is confined to the rock suites located in well-developed island arcs having thick continental-type crust with low or negative Bouguer anomalies. Involvement of 18O- and 87Sr-rich crustal material in the magma formation is suggested.The isotopic compositions vary remarkably within individual rock suites as well as from volcano to volcano. The data points in δ18O vs. 87Sr/86Sr plot accord with a mixing model between primitive magmas and crustal material of dioritic composition on an average, assuming their comparative Sr contents. The primitive magmas involved could not be low-Sr tholeiites, but magmas more or less enriched in incompatible elements including Sr, which correspond to high-alkali tholeiites or alkali basalts and their evolved magmas. The nature of the primitive magmas seems to change from tholeiitic to more alkalic with progressing island-arc evolution.Mixing of crust-derived melts is more plausible than assimilation of solid-rocks for involving 20 to 30% crustal material in the magmas along simple mixing curves. Isotopic variations between the rock suites are ascribed to variable Sr concentration radio of the end-members, variable isotopic compositions of crustal material or variable mixing ratio of the end-members. Extremely high-δ 18O rocks with moderate increase in 87Sr/86Sr ratio suggest another mixing process in shallower magma chambers between andesite magmas and metasedimentary rocks having high δ 18O and 87Sr/86Sr values but low Sr content. Subsequent fractional crystallization of once-derived magmas would be the prominent process for the rock suites showing gradual increase in 18O up to 10/00 with uniform 87Sr/86Sr ratios.  相似文献   

10.
The Pampean Ranges of northwest Argentina are a basin-and-range tectonic province with a late Precambrian to Paleozoic basement and extensive Miocene-Recent calc-alkaline volcanism. The volcanoes include the large resurgent Cerro Galan caldera, and Recent scoria cones and lava flows. Miocene-Recent volcanic rocks of basalt to dacite composition from the Cerro Galan area exhibit a range of Rb/Sr ratios of 0.043–1.092 and initial87Sr/86Sr ratios of 0.7057–0.7115 with a clear positive correlation between87Sr/86Sr and87Rb/86Sr, indicating an apparent age of ca. 130 Ma. This relationship is interpreted to indicate that the Sr isotope variation in the Cerro Galan volcanic rocks results from mixing of a mantle-derived component with low87Sr/86Sr (<0.7057) and high Sr (>700 ppm) with a crustal component characterized by higher87Sr/86Sr (>0.7115) and lower Sr (<240 ppm). It is concluded that the mixing is best explained as a result of a small degree of selective crustal Sr contamination (ca. 10%) of a range of subsequently erupted magmas produced largely by fractional crystallization within the continental crust. We propose that the mantle-derived end-member is derived by partial melting of sub-Andean mantle with an87Sr/86Sr ratio of ca. 0.704, and that such an Sr isotope ratio characterizes the source region for calc-alkaline volcanic rocks throughout the Andes.  相似文献   

11.
A modified AEI-IM20 ion microprobe has been used to measure87Sr/86Sr ratios in carbonates. A suite of carbonates with varying major elements (Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn) was studied at low and high (M/ΔM ? 3000) mass resolution to determine the types and intensities of molecular species isobaric with Sr peaks; Sr data collected at low mass resolution must be corrected for Ca2 and CaMgO species. Rb/Sr ratios are extremely low, and correction for87Rb is not required (< 0.1‰ of87Sr).Usable Sr isotopic data may be obtained from calcite givenSr≥ 400ppm, and for Sr > 5000 ppm a precision of ～ ± 1‰ (± 0.0007) in87Sr/86Sr (2σ mean) can be achieved under optimum conditions. The corrections for Ca2 and CaMgO are smaller than the within-run precision in calcite, but in dolomite the correction for CaMgO is + 1.5%. Mass fractionation corrections to87Sr/86Sr (based on86Sr/88Sr= 0.1194) are typically +8 to +10‰. Good agreement between ion probe and solid source mass spectrometer results was found for calcites of known Sr isotopic composition: ST4a (～ 400ppm Sr), average ion probe87Sr/86Sr= 0.7267 ± 0.0015, solid source87Sr/86Sr= 0.72680 ± 0.00008 [14]; JCG36 (～ 6000ppm Sr), average ion probe87Sr/86Sr= 0.7056 ± 0.0009, solid source87Sr/86Sr= 0.70588 ± 0.00009 [16]; JCG44 (～ 6000ppm Sr), average ion probe87Sr/86Sr= 0.7057 ± 0.0006, solid source87Sr/86Sr= 0.70540 ± 0.00008 [16]. The ability of the ion microprobe to measure87Sr/86Sr for 10-μm spots in calcite was used: (1) to measure variation in87Sr/86Sr of ～ 0.01 on a centimetre scale in a hydrothermally altered basalt from the Isle of Skye, northwestern Scotland; and (2) to determine the Sr isotopic composition of tiny (< 35 μm) calcite grains in a veined mantle lherzolite from Bultfontein, South Africa. Because of calcite's ubiquitous occurrence in many parageneses this technique may offer many opportunities for the measurement of fine scale heterogeneities in87Sr/86Sr.  相似文献   

12.
Rb-Sr whole-rock isochron ages of gneisses from the Fiskenaesset area are considerably lower (2600–2800 m.y.) than U-Pb zircon ages for the same rocks (2880–2950 m.y.). There is a significant correlation between the isochron ages and the range in Rb/Sr ratios of the samples involved. Higher ages (and lower initial87Sr/86Sr ratios) are obtained for sample collections with a wide range in Rb/Sr ratios. Lower ages (and higher initial ratios) are obtained for sample collections with a narrow range in Rb/Sr ratios. This relationship is explained by a model of local metamorphic Sr isotope homogenisation in restricted rock volumes. This model implies that the individual isochron ages do not date specific geological events. There is a significant inverse correlation between the isochron ages and the corresponding initial ratios. It is probable that the igneous precursors of the gneisses intruded with initial87Sr/86Sr ratios well below 0.701.  相似文献   

13.
Concentrations of lead, uranium and thorium and isotopic compositions of lead are reported for twelve Cretaceous kimberlites and five Cretaceous nucleated autoliths. The samples are from Lesotho and from the area around Kimberley (Cape Province, South Africa). In the case of the autoliths potassium, rubidium and strontium concentrations and87Sr/86Sr ratios were also measured.Work reported on clinopyroxenes from mantle-derived xenoliths in kimberlites includes lead isotopes for twelve samples and strontium isotopes for nine of these.The autoliths have initial87Sr/86Sr ratios between 0.7035 and 0.7095. A large spread in initial lead isotope ratios (206Pb/204Pb: 17.6–20;208Pb/204Pb: 37.7–39.5) was found in the matrix kimberlites and autoliths. In the207Pb/204Pb vs.206Pb/204Pb plot, the initial lead isotope ratios of the kimberlite and autolith samples roughly define a slope of 0.10, corresponding to an age of 1575 m.y. With respect to the spread of initial ratios as well as with respect to this slope, the kimberlite and autolith lead isotopic pattern is comparable to patterns obtained from carbonatites and ocean island volcanics.The xenoliths studied include coarse-granular and porphyroclastic material from the Kimberley area and coarse-granular samples from Lesotho. Their87Sr/86Sr ratios are generally between 0.704 and 0.706 but a value of 0.713 was found in one sample. They show a surprisingly large spread in lead isotope ratios (206Pb/204Pb: 17.5–20;208Pb/204Pb: 37.3–39.4).The isotopic patterns of the xenolithic material and of the kimberlites and autoliths are considered to provide a strong indication that the upper mantle beneath Southern Africa is isotopically heterogeneous on a regional scale.  相似文献   

14.
Quaternary volcanoes in the Padang area on the west coast of Sumatra have produced two-pyroxene, calc-alkaline andesite and volumetrically subordinate rhyolitic and andesitic ash-flow tuffs. A sequence of andesite (pre-caldera), rhyolitic tuff and andesitic tuff, in decreasing order of age, is related to Maninjau caldera. Andesite compositions range from 55.0 to 61.2% SiO2 and from 1.13 to 2.05% K2O. Six K-Ar whole-rock age determinations on andesites show a range of 0.27 ± 0.12 to 0.83 ± 0.42 m.y.; a single determination on the rhyolitic ashflow tuff gave 0.28 ± 0.12 m.y.Eight 57Sr/26Sr ratios on andesites and rhyolite tuff west of the Semangko fault zone are in the range 0.7056 – 0.7066. These ratios are higher than those elsewhere in the Sunda arc but are comparable to the Taupo volcanic zone of New Zealand and calc-alkaline volcanics of continental margins. An 87Sr/86Sr ratio of 0.7048 on G. Sirabungan east of the Semangko fault is similar to an earlier determination on nearby G. Marapi (0.7047), and agrees with 87Sr/86Sr ratios in the rest of the Sunda arc. The reason for this distribution of 87Sr/86Sr ratios is unknown.The high 87Sr/86Sr ratios are tentatively regarded to reflect a crustal source for the andesites, while moderately fractionated REE patterns with pronounced negative Eu anomalies suggest a residue enriched in plagioclase with hornblende and/or pyroxenes. Generation of associated andesite and rhyolite could have been caused by hydrous fractional melting of andesite or volcanogenic sediments under adiabatic decompression.  相似文献   

15.
An anorthoclase phenocryst separate from a pantellerite welded tuff and a slightly peralkaline nonhydrated sodatrachyte glass both have87Sr/86Sr ratios of0.7030 ± 0.0002. The sodatrachyte glass, withSiO2 = 63,Al2O3 = 15.5,and CaO= 1.4wt%and Sr= 53ppm, is interpreted as an intermediate member in the differentiation sequence through which pantellerite melts were derived from primary mafic magmas. The very low87Sr/86Sr ratios, in conjunction with K/Rb ratios of 500 to 700 found for the sodatrachytes, show that the primary mafic magmas were derived from mantle material which had been depleted in incompatible elements by a much earlier episode of magma generation.  相似文献   

16.
New rare earth element (REE) data, Rb and Sr analyses and Sr isotope measurements are presented for pumice clasts collected from some North Chilean ignimbrites of dacite and rhyolite composition. The samples are light-REE enriched with chondrite-normalised Ce (CeN) of 17–98, YbN of 4–14 and CeN/YbN of 2.6–15. While some samples have no Eu anomalies, others do have anomalies with inferred Eu/Eu* values of down to ca. 0.4. Eleven samples have present-day87Sr/86Sr ratios between 0.7053 and 0.7100, and noting that some samples are up to 12 Ma old, initial87Sr/86Sr ratios are below ca. 0.709. These trace element and Sr isotope characteristics resemble those of contemporaneous andesite and dacite lavas, suggesting a common origin for all these rock types. The higher Rb/Sr ratios and larger Eu anomalies in most of the dacitic and rhyolitic ignimbrites are consistent with an origin by plagioclase-dominated fractional crystallization of mantle-derived andesite magma.  相似文献   

17.
Abstract Granitoids are widely distributed in the Ryoke belt and have been divided into four main igneous stages based on their field setting. In this paper, we present Rb–Sr isochron ages for the younger Ryoke granitoids (second stage to fourth stage) in the Kinki district. The Yagyu granite (second stage) gave a Rb–Sr whole‐rock isochron age of 74.6 ± 10.9 Ma with an initial 87Sr/86Sr ratio of 0.70938 ± 0.00016, and a Rb–Sr mineral isochron age of 71.8 ± 0.1 Ma. The Narukawa granite (second stage) yielded a Rb–Sr mineral isochron age of 79.5 ± 0.4 Ma. A Rb–Sr whole‐rock isochron age of 78.3 ± 3.0 Ma with an initial 87Sr/86Sr ratio of 0.70764 ± 0.00014 was obtained for the Takijiri adamellite (third stage). The Katsuragi quartzdiorite (fourth stage) gave a Rb–Sr whole‐rock isochron age of 85.1 ± 18.3 Ma (initial 87Sr/86Sr ratio of 0.70728 ± 0.00006), and mineral isochron ages of 76.9 ± 0.5 Ma and 74.8 ± 0.5 Ma. The Minamikawachi granite (fourth stage) gave a Rb–Sr whole‐rock isochron age of 72.8 ± 2.0 Ma with an initial 87Sr/86Sr ratio of 0.70891 ± 0.00021. These age data indicate that the igneous activity in younger Ryoke granitoids of Kinki district occurred between 80 and 70 Ma, except for the Katsuragi quartz diorite. The isotopic data on the various igneous stages in Kinki district correspond with the relative timing from field observations. Based on the initial 87Sr/86Sr ratios, the granitoids of the Ryoke belt in Kinki district are spatially divided into two groups. One is granitoids with initial 87Sr/86Sr ratio of 0.707–0.708, distributed in the southern part of the Ryoke belt. The other is granitoids with initial 87Sr/86Sr ratio of 0.708–0.710 distributed in the northern part of the Ryoke belt. The initial 87Sr/86Sr ratios of granitoids increase with decreasing (becoming younger) Rb–Sr whole‐rock isochron ages.  相似文献   

18.
The Sr isotopic systematics in the weathering profiles of biotite granite and granite porphyry in southern Jiangxi Province were investigated. The results showed that during the chemical weathering of granites, remarked fractionation occurred between Rb and Sr. During the early stages of chemical weathering of granites, the released Sr/Si and Sr/Ca ratios are larger than those of the parent rocks, and the leaching rate of Sr is higher than those of Si, Ca, K, Rb, etc. Dynamic variations in relative weathering rates of the main Sr-contributing minerals led to fluctuation with time in87Sr/86Sr ratios of inherent and released Sr in the weathering crust of granite. Successive weathering of biotite, plagioclase and K-feldspar made87Sr/86Sr ratios in the weathering residues show such a fluctuation trend as to decrease first, increase, and then decrease again till they maintain stable. This work further indicates that when Sr isotopes are used to trace biogeochemical processes on both the catchment and global scales, one must seriously take account of the preferential release of Sr from dissolving solid phase and the fluctuation of87Sr/86Sr ratios caused by the variations of relative weathering rates of Sr-contributing minerals.  相似文献   

19.
Strontium isotope ratios and rare-earth element abundances have been measured in acid, intermediate and basic rocks from three late to postglacial volcanic complexes, and several other postglacial basalts in Iceland. Late and postglacial basalts in Iceland have been generated from a source region which is essentially homogeneous with respect to87Sr/86Sr. The mean87Sr/86Sr ratio for the basalts analysed is 0.70328 and the range is from 0.70317 ± 6to0.70334 ± 5 (2σ).Acid rocks from the Kerlinganfjöll and Namafjall volcanic complexes have87Sr/86Sr ratios which are indistinguishable from analysed basalts from the same complexes. However, intermediate and acid rocks from the Torfajökull complex have significantly higher87Sr/86Sr ratios and could not have been derived by fractional crystallization from basaltic magmas similar to those found in the same complex. These latter rocks have most probably been produced by remelting of Tertiary gabbroic rocks in Layer 3. Most of the basalts analysed have higher total rare-earth element abundances than typical dredged ocean-ridge tholeiites, and show less light rare-earth depletion. Intermediate and acid compositions show overall higher abundances and light rare-earth enrichments. The measured rare-earth abundances are compared with abundances generated by differential partial melting of various model source regions.It is shown that both the tholeiitic and alkali basalt compositions could be generated from the same source material by different degrees of partial melting. Variable partial melting of gabbroic material may account for the rare-earth element abundances of both the rhyolitic rocks (small degrees of melting) and the intermediate rocks (more extensive melting).  相似文献   

20.
87Sr/86Sr ratios of 15 samples of basalt dredged from Loihi Seamount range from 0.70334 to 0.70368. The basalt types range from tholeiite to basanite in composition and can be divided into six groups on the basis of abundances of K2O, Na2O, Rb and Sr and 87Sr/86Sr ratio. The isotopic data require that the various basalt types be derived from source regions differing in Sr isotopic composition. The Loihi basalts may be produced by mixing of isotopically distinct sources, but the tholeiites and alkalic basalts from Loihi do not show a well-developed inverse trend between Rb/Sr and 87Sr/86Sr that is characteristic of the later stages of Hawaiian volcanoes such as Haleakala and Koolau.  相似文献   

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