共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
井中微震监测的目的是确定压裂过程产生的裂缝的几何形态,采集到具有微震事件的原始记录信噪比低,纵横波初至拾取困难,直接影响到微震的定位及后续的裂缝形态描述。通过分析但由于微震信息较弱,因此微震事件的记录特点,结合实际应用过程中遇到的问题对处理方法进行了研究,包括去噪处理、微震事件识别、纵横波初至拾取、极化分析、模型建立及校正、微震定位等。研究表明,带通滤波可有效法除噪音;长、短时窗能量比法可精确的记录微震事件及初至时间自动拾取;利用纵波尖端曲线图可以确定微震源方向;速度模型的建立应以校正炮时距曲线拟合理论曲线为原则;利用Geiger和网格搜索法可精确得到震源定位结果。 相似文献
2.
微震事件中常常包含一些异常信号、强噪声干扰信号和弱信号,这些通道信号的P波到时自动拾取精度往往很低,甚至拾取错误。目前国内外微震监测系统进行自动定位时,并不对各个P波到时拾取值预先筛选,而需要技术人员手动剔除或修正部分无效P波到时,然后才能进行正确定位。为此,首先引入了一种Akaike信息准则（AIC）两步骤拾取算法,并基于某深埋隧道微震监测案例定量分析了P波到时拾取误差与震源定位精度之间的关系,从而引入了P波到时拾取值容许误差的概念。然后,利用AIC两步骤拾取算法拾取微震波形的P波到时,并计算各项波形参数,进行大量统计,深入研究了影响P波到时拾取精度的波形参数。以容许误差为基准,将P波到时拾取值分为有效（标签为1）和无效（标签为?1）两类,并以相应的波形参数为数据输入,采用支持向量机方法（SVM）训练数据,最终建立了P波到时拾取值质量控制模型。实际应用表明：P波到时拾取值质量控制方法能有效剔除错误拾取值,从而大幅度提高数据自动处理效率和震源定位精度。 相似文献
3.
针对传统基于走时微震定位方法存在的定位精度依赖于走时精度问题,提出了改进定位目标函数的差分进化微震定位方法。基于传统微震P波走时定位方法,在定位目标函数中加入了误差加权系数,通过降低初至拾取精度低的微震信号道对定位误差的影响,减弱了初至拾取精度对微震定位的影响;利用差分进化算法,通过种群初始化、变异、交叉和选择等操作,求解改进的微震定位目标函数,实现微震定位;对模型数据和实测数据进行试处理,结果表明:改进的目标函数能明显降低误差较大分量对总误差的贡献;提出的改进定位目标函数的差分进化微震定位方法,在部分微震信号道走时拾取误差较大甚至错误的情况下,能很大程度减弱拾取误差对定位精度的影响,可以获得较好的定位结果。 相似文献
4.
准确的微震定位方法是微震监测技术进行岩体稳定性分析的基础,而初至波走时计算方法是决定微震定位精度重要因素之一。引入一种由快速行进法(fast marching methods, FMM)与线性插值射线追踪法(LTI ray tracing)改进而来的线性插值算法,实现了在复杂岩体中相对准确的微震初至走时计算,并在均一速度模型和Marmousi模型中得到了验证。在此基础上,采用常微分方程数值算法中的单步高精度Runge-Kutta法,得到了震源点和传感器之间的射线路径,并在分层和带空洞的岩体模型中验证了其合理性。选取最小二乘法为目标函数,通过寻找目标函数值最小的方式来获得最优节点实现微震定位。在所建立的加入地下硐室的Marmousi岩体模型中,对于预设震源点的定位结果误差分别为1.41、1.00、2.83、1.41、1.41m,验证了所提方法在复杂岩体速度模型中能够实现较准确的微震定位,为进一步提高工程岩体的微震定位精度提供了新思路。 相似文献
5.
6.
Sumana Basu Mohammed Y. Ali Asam Farid Karl A. Berteussen Garry Mercado 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2014,7(9):3815-3827
A microseismic experiment utilizing a single downhole array of eight 3-component receivers was conducted in an offshore oilfield in the emirate of Abu Dhabi in the United Arab Emirates. The Lower Cretaceous Thamama Group is the major carbonate reservoir in the field producing from six zones. Microseismic data was acquired in conjunction with gas injections that took place in the Thamama IV A and IV B reservoirs during 9 days of acquisition. The aim of the experiment was to monitor the microseismic activity arising in the carbonate reservoirs as a result of gas injection. A total of 103 microseismic events were detected from two of the receivers. For the majority of these events, there were no well-defined P wave arrivals, probably due to the presence of strong background noise and the very weak microseismic signals. The results from this experiment indicate that the detected events are probably related to the microseismic activities caused by the gas injection within the Thamama IV B reservoir. Therefore, downhole microseismic monitoring methods can potentially provide valuable information about the fracture systems within the carbonate reservoirs of Abu Dhabi's oilfields. 相似文献
7.
在薄覆盖层区域应用浅层纵波方法进行断裂探测往往仅能获取基岩顶面的反射波,难以精确判断隐伏断裂的位置及埋深。本文首先应用浅层纵波反射获取断裂的大致位置及埋深;然后应用超浅层横波反射进行位置确认及浅部断裂信息的补充完善。通过联合探测实现了对断裂平面位置上更可靠的定位,获得了断裂从浅层到超浅层不同深度范围更为丰富的构造特征信息。在联合探测的基础上布设了钻孔联合剖面,验证了断裂的存在。研究表明薄覆盖区域隐伏断裂纵横波联合探测较单一方法效果更理想,可获取更多的断裂信息,可为钻孔联合剖面布设提供更可靠的依据。 相似文献
8.
叠前地震资料中包含纵波速度、横波速度、密度和吸收衰减系数等弹性及粘弹性信息,其中吸收衰减属性对储层物性及流体性质尤为敏感。本文从粘弹介质精确Zoeppritz方程出发,基于介质分解理论通过公式推导及近似,建立了包含纵波速度、横波速度、密度和吸收衰减系数的纵波反射系数特征方程,利用贝叶斯反演框架,实现了叠前纵波速度、横波速度、密度、衰减四参数同步反演。模型与实际资料反演效果均表明了该方法的可靠性。该方法较好应用于胜利油田东部海上探区的油气识别,相比于常规弹性介质流体因子,四参数同步反演方法得到的吸收衰减系数能更准确地表征油气的分布。 相似文献
9.
The arrival-time-difference approach is the dominant source location approach used in the microseismic source location area. Multiple solutions problem is one of the major concerns in microseismic source location, which is closely related to the microseismic network. This paper categorizes the multiple solutions into two types based on the origin times when using the arrival-time-difference approach. Type I multiple solutions are those which have the same origin time; type II multiple solutions are those with different origin times. The sufficient and necessary conditions to produce type I multiple solutions are that all sensors are located in a straight line for two-dimensional cases and on a plane for three-dimensional cases. The sufficient and necessary conditions to produce type II multiple solutions are that all sensors are located on a hyperbola for two-dimensional cases and on a hyperboloid for three-dimensional cases. Furthermore, the proofs indicate that type I multiple solutions are preventable, while a microseismic network consisting of the minimum number of sensors can never be free of type II multiple solutions. It means, besides the minimum number of sensors, at least one more sensor which is not on this hyperbola or hyperboloid is needed to uniquely determine a source. The results from field tests and applications indicate that when the sensors of a network lie on a hyperbola, the type II multiple solutions may not be the necessary outcome under the influence of errors in real data. However, the accuracy of the microseismic source location is affected significantly by this kind of networks. The results also show that not only the multiple solutions problem can be avoided effectively, but more importantly, the accuracy of the source location will be greatly improved by the optimization of network based on the characteristics of the microseismic network and field conditions. 相似文献
10.
Feng Xu Chunhe Yang Yintong Guo Lei Wang Zhenkun Hou Haoran Li Xiaoming Hu Tongtao Wang 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2017,10(6):141
The experimental work described in this paper was carried out in order to discover more about the effects of bedding planes on wave velocity and acoustic emission (AE) characteristics of shale. Two groups of specimens, which were collected from the Longmaxi shale outcrop in Chongqing, China and cored perpendicular and parallel to the bedding planes, were tested under uniaxial compression, and the wave velocity and AE were monitored. There were obvious differences in the acoustic characteristics of shale with different bedding plane orientations. The experimental results show that (1) the average increasing rates of P- and S-wave velocities were 39.86 and 54.41%, respectively, for the specimen with a load perpendicular to the bedding planes (Y-0). The P-wave velocity and axial strain of specimen show a marked logarithmic relationship. However, the average increasing rates of P- and S-wave velocities were 5.44 and 10.54%, respectively, for the specimen with a load parallel to the bedding planes (Y-90). The good linear relationship between P-wave velocity and axial strain before failure of specimen has been built. Generally, S-wave velocity was more sensitive to axial strain than P-wave velocity. (2) AE characteristics for Y-0 showed that a few signals → quiet period → stable increase → steep increase; for Y-90: quiet period → stable increase → sudden increase → sharp increase. The AE energy for two groups of specimens was concentrated on low and middle of amplitudes (45-80 dB), but the proportion of amplitudes (80–100 dB) and the total counts of AE for Y-0 was 1.95, 2.2 times as much as that for Y-90, respectively. The results preliminarily revealed the effect of bedding orientation on the wave velocity and AE properties of shale and may provide guidance for the improvement of acoustic logging and microseismic monitoring in the field. 相似文献
11.
Summary A detailed case study conducted at a Canadian gold mine is presented to demonstrate the practical usefulness of the source location data analysis theory developed by Ge and Kaiser (1990). The basic concept of the theory and the interpretation of the physical status of wave arrival picks is explained through a step-by-step analysis of several microseismic events. The effectiveness of the theory is illustrated by statistical data analysis. It is demonstrated that the theory enhances MP250 systems by providing an automatic microseismic source location technique. 相似文献
12.
13.
The assessment of submarine slope instability in Baiyun Sag using gray clustering method 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
It is a significant task to evaluate the seafloor stability for the exploitation of marine resources and the construction of marine structures. This paper analyzes the impact factors of submarine slope instability using geological and geophysical data of the Baiyun Sag in the Pearl River Mouth Basin and builds the evaluation index system of submarine slope instability. The weight of each index is calculated by analytic hierarchy process method to weaken subjective effect. Gray clustering method is applied to estimate the risk of submarine slope instability in Baiyun Sag qualitatively and quantitatively. The assessment standard is divided into five grades, and the whitening function of each gray cluster is determined by the assessment scheme. The gray evaluation weight vector of each indicator is calculated by the table-dispatching method. The gray assessment value is estimated by making the gray assessment weight vector single value, and the gray grade is determined according to the maximum principle. The evaluation results show quantitatively that the risk grade of submarine slope instability in the Baiyun Sag is medium, and the gray clustering method is reasonable and feasible. 相似文献
14.
15.
岩石脆性临界破坏的波速特征分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
根据岩石加载破坏过程中应力-应变和波速-应变曲线所反映的的波速变化特征,研究了岩石声波传播速度与其加载变形过程的相关性。研究表明:岩石破裂前波速及特征参数随着变形破坏阶段变化会有显著改变,特别是应力水平到达70%80%之后,当加载破坏过程中岩石的裂隙大量增加后波速参数出现突变。这是由于在膨胀点附近岩石中微裂隙迅速丛集式增长,改变了岩石内部的微观结构,导致岩石波速降低。伴随着波速降低,波速走时急剧增大,离散度增大;S波和P波的振幅减小,但其振幅比急剧增大;S波、P的波Q值也会出现突变。通过对岩石加载过程中的波速变化与应力-应变曲线之间的关联性分析,利用波速信息变化可以实现对岩石脆性破裂前兆的识别。 相似文献
16.
17.
扩展流体识别因子及应用 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
利用地震资料的流体识别因子,使在地震剖面中就能实现储层中的油、气、水层的识别,这些因子通常由介质密度和纵横波速度或其函数构成,主要有纵横渡阻抗、纵横波速度比、泊松比和LMR识别因子、ρf识别因子等,这些识别因子均基于纵横波速度和介质密度等3个参数对流体响应的差异而构建.研究以此三参数差异以外的其他地球物理属性差异来构建新的流体识别因子并与现有应用效果较好的流体识别因子组合成灵敏度更高的因子.扩展流体识别因子EFD,包括高灵敏度流体识别因子(HSFIF)及组合型流体识别因子(EFDC).它们分别是基于不同炮检距差异特征和优化组合两类扩展流体识别因子.并通过对川东北碳酸盐岩气藏气水层的模拟计算和识别处理,证明扩展流体识别因子具有很好实用性及可靠的识别效果. 相似文献
18.
为提高矿井微震的定位精度,通过模拟试验对比分析常规定位及新方法在定位求解中的适用范围及优缺点,研究反演未知变量数目、检波器的密度、波速等对各自定位方法的影响。基于单纯形法的优点,并结合模拟退火法的全局收敛性,提出采用稳健的模拟退火-单纯形法进行微震定位。研究发现,该方法不必直接搜索发震时刻,只需通过稳健方法预先估算,利用较少的检波器就可进行微震定位,且基本不受初始波速影响,从而大大减少搜索步数,有效地提高定位精度及收敛速度。以柿竹园矿人工爆破定位测试试验为例,重点分析比较模拟退火-单纯形法、稳健模拟退火-单纯形法及其他定位方法的空间绝对距离及目标函数误差,认为检波器数量较多且可获得理想的P波信息时,应用非线性最小二乘法能求出可信的结果;其余定位方法的三维定位误差及目标函数误差相差不大,但稳健模拟退火-单纯形法目标函数误差最小,稳定性最高,可在矿井微震定位中推广使用。 相似文献
19.
微地震震源定位方法是微地震监测领域的一项核心技术,而考量微地震技术应用效果好坏的准则在于震源定位方法的精确程度。针对非常规油气开发过程中微地震震源定位方法的应用,本文对微地震震源定位方法进行阐述。其中：几何作图法具有稳健、效率高的优势,但震源位置较深时定位精度较低;线性定位法无需速度模型精度,但对初至拾取的精度有较大影响;非线性定位法对初至拾取较为敏感,对速度模型的精度要求较高,但计算量较小;混合优化定位法在一定程度上提高了定位的精度和效率,但在低信噪比、速度模型精度较低时优势不明显;基于波形偏移的定位方法无需考虑初至拾取的精度,但计算量较大;基于神经网络的定位方法采用训练网络进行训练,定位精度高,误差小。同时,本文还介绍了多方法多参数信息融合技术在油气藏微震震源定位中的应用。 相似文献
20.
An artificial neural network (ANN) toolbox is created within GIS software for spatial interpolation, which will help GIS users to train and test ANNs, perform spatial analysis, and display results as a single process. The performance is compared to that of the open source Fast Artificial Neural Network library and conventional interpolation methods by creating digital elevation models (DEMs) given that nearly exact solutions exist. Simulation results show that the advanced backpropagations such as iRprop speed up the learning, while they can get stuck in a local minimum depending on initial weight sets. Besides, the division of input–output examples into training and test data affects the accuracy, particularly when the distribution of the examples is skewed and peaked, and the number of data is small. ANNs, however, show the similar performance to inversed distance weighted or kriging and outperform polynomial interpolations as a global interpolation method in high-dimensional data. In addition, the neural network residual kriging (NNRK) model, which combines the ANN toolbox and kriging within GIS software, is performed. The NNRK outperforms conventional methods and well captures global trends and local variations. A key outcome of this work is that the ANN toolbox created within the de facto standard GIS software is applicable to various spatial analysis including hazard risk assessment over a large area, in particular when there are multiple potential causes, the relationship between risk factors and hazard events is not clear, and the number of available data is small given its performance for DEM generation. 相似文献