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1.
I.INTROIjUCTIONSincethereformandopening-up,FOreignDirectinvestments(FDIs)havebeenemployedinChineseeconomicdevelopment.SomeresearchresultsshowthatFDIsinChineseeconomicdevelOPmenthavechangedaseriesofeconomicstructure,suchas,investmentstructure,propertystructtire,tradestructure,technologystructureetc.whichsuggeststhatrolesofaflsinChineseeconomicdevelopmentshouldbeseriouslytakenintoconsiderationinstudyingtheregionaldevelopmentissues.Evidently,theregionaldifferenceofrolesofFDIsisdetendn…  相似文献   

2.
The investment of Samsung Electronics in China is divided into three types： production companies, sales companies and R＆D institutions. Based on an analysis of the spatial structure of Samsung＇s three types of investment and parent company, it is put forward that regional bias exists during the operation of a multi-national corporation （MNC） in China, i.e., regional biases of technology, price, sales as well as decision-making. Front office and back ofrice, two terms related closely with the location of modern MNCs, are defined and locational principles of each are studied. It is pointed out that production companies and R＆D institutions belong to back office, while sales company falls into the type of front office. Based on a summarization on the spatial distribution of production companies, sales companies and R＆D institutions, the locational principles of front office and back office are then applied in explaining the location of Samsung＇s operating entities in China. By analyzing the spatial structure and locational principles of Samsung, a typical MNC in China, this paper aims to understand the internal operating mechanism of modern MNCs and then bring assistance to related policies to cope with those problems about MNCs that have attracted growing attention in recent years.  相似文献   

3.
This study focuses on China's coastal area and its marine economic development. Applying the information diffusion method, the study establishes a kernel density function and its decomposition using a marine economic per capita as the index of the model to depict the dynamic evolution law and the internal influential factors of the Chinese marine economy during 1996–2013. The relative development rate was introduced to analyze the spatial differences in the marine economy's development. In this way, space and time dimensions fully characterized the evolution of the Chinese marine economy. Additionally, the influence of growth and inequality in the process of its development can be analyzed. The study shows that the Chinese marine economy as a whole has been growing, and regional marine economic development is relatively coordinated. In addition, the marine economy began to develop even more rapidly after 2004. There are three factors affecting the dynamic evolution of China's marine economy: first, the most influential mean effect, followed by, second, the variance effect, and third, the least influential residual effect. The biggest influence on the dynamic evolution of the marine economy is the improvement of the development level of the marine economy in the coastal area. Meanwhile, due to the existence of inequality, provinces at higher development levels are more dispersed. Furthermore, the existence of the residual effect weakens the influence of the mean effect, and the influence on the dynamic evolution of the marine economy continuously increases. In the analysis of the influencing factors of the evolution and spatial difference of marine economic development, the level of opening to the outside world, the level of investment in fixed assets and the industrial structure have a positive role in promoting economic development. However, capital investment in scientific human research has a negative correlation with economic development, and does not pass the significant test. The difference in regional development levels and development speed is also very apparent; namely, the provinces with higher development levels generally displayed faster development speeds while those with lower development levels showed slower development speeds across the four periods analyzed.  相似文献   

4.
In this study, we developed an evaluation index system for green total-factor water-use efficiency(GTFWUE) which reflected both economic and green efficiencies of water resource utilization. Then we measured the GTFWUE of 30 provinces/municipalities/autonomous regions(hereafter provinces) in China(not including Tibet, Hong Kong, Macao, Taiwan as no data) from 2000 to 2018 using a minimum distance to the strong frontier model that contained an undesirable output. We further analyzed the regional differences and spatial correlations of GTFWUE using these values based on Global and Local Moran's I statistics, and empirically determined the factors affecting GTFWUE using a spatial econometric model. The evaluation results revealed that the GTFWUE differed substantially between the regions. The provinces with high and low GTFWUE values were located in the coastal and inland areas of China, respectively. The eastern region had a significantly higher GTFWUE than the central and western regions. The GTFWUEs for all three regions(eastern, central, and western regions) decreased slowly from 2000 to 2011(except 2005), remained stable from 2012 to 2016, and rapidly increased in 2017 before decreasing again in 2018. We found significant spatial correlations between the provincial GTFWUEs. The GTFWUE for most provinces belonged to the high-high or low-low cluster region, revealing a significant spatial clustering effect of provincial GTFWUEs. We also found that China's GTFWUE was highly promoted by economic growth,population size, opening-up level, and urbanization level, and was evidently hindered by water endowment, technological progress, and government influence. However, the water-use structure had little impact on GTFWUE. This study fully demonstrated that the water use mode would be improved, and water resources needed to be used more efficiently and green in China. Moreover, based on the findings of this study, several policy recommendations were proposed from the aspects of cross-regional cooperation, economy, society, and institution.  相似文献   

5.
    
While China’s economic growth has been impressive since 1978, regional disparity in terms of provincial per capita GDP has been increasing. On the other hand, this rapid but uneven growth was accompanied by China’s deepening openness and structural reforms including the development of non-state-owned enterprises (non-SOEs) and fiscal decentralization. Based on quantitative analyses, this paper tries to explore the features of regional disparity in China and the relationships between regional growth and China’s openness and economic structure reforms in the period from 1981 to 2000. The paper finds that the catching-up of the coastal region to the initially rich provinces, which are mainly located in inland areas, brought about a convergence of the growth pattern across provinces in the 1980s. The subsequent divergence in the provincial growth rates between the coast and the interior generated an enlarging regional disparity in China in the 1990s. The ever-faster growth in the coastal region was benefited by China’s openness and the development of non-state-owned enterprises. The development of non-state-owned enterprises underlies the higher operational efficiency in the coastal region. Additionally, with the insignificant regression results, fiscal decentralization was observed to facilitate faster growth in the coast region. The findings justify the initiative of the "West Region Development Strategy" and offer some policy implications for China. Biography: SHEN Bing (1966–), female, a native of Hebei Province, associate professor, specialized in regional economy and urban development. E-mail: shenbing@mx.cei.gov.cn  相似文献   

6.
The role of retailing has diminished in the center of cities of Western countries since its heyday in the 1920s. This trend was caused by violent transformations in the economic, social and locational contexts which involve resi- dential suburbanization, as well as new forms of commercial development out of town. As far as transforming China is concerned, the downtown retailing center has also come to turning point of development in the context of suburbaniza- tion. Based on the survey of Beijing residents’ shopping behavior, the present research tends to making clear the actual change and development problem of downtown retailing center. Combining with the macro retailing environment, re- lated influencing factors are further discussed too. Study results show that downtown retailing still plays an important part in resident’s shopping activity. However, with rapid urban sprawl, retailing in urban center has been greatly threatened by booming out-of-town commerce. In the course of such spatial change, the suburbanization of resident, the prevalence of new commercial forms and the change of consumers’ life style all have exerted their own pressure on downtown retailing. But for the special socioeconomic background of development and the support of government policy, it will still keep its vitality of retailing for a long period of time.  相似文献   

7.
中国区域经济发展的地区差异GIS分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
本文主要针对我国改革开放以来地区间经济发展的差距究竟是扩大(发散)还是缩小(收敛)的问题开展了研究.首先,对全国各省(市)1980 - 2008年的人均名义GDP数据进行了空间自相关分析,探讨了全国区域经济发展的地区差异变化,揭示了1984年以后中国各地区之间的经济发展的正空间自相关关系,即全国区域经济发展差异在整体上...  相似文献   

8.
运用灰色系统理论,采用灰色关联分析方法和模型,以2001-2013年间福建沿海主要港口货物吞吐量和内陆省内生产总值的数据为基础,选取数列进行数据处理,通过关联性分布和排序,得到福建沿海港口经济最有影响力的腹地范围和空间分布,实证得出福建沿海港口应重点发展以江西作为主要腹地、兼考虑湖南为次要腹地、湖北和安徽其次考量的结论,最后提出立足腹地实情、结合资源优势互补的经济策略建议,为福建扩展港口经济腹地措施提供理论依据和支持。  相似文献   

9.
LOCATION AND ECONOMIC GROWTH： CASE STUDY IN CHINA   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
This paper explores how location could affect economic growth and it has always been omitted in economic analysis. Geographic factors can affect economic activities. Three mechanisms of location affecting economic growth have been studied: consumption, production and migration. The initial superior location will take such advantages as lower transport costs and lower price level, so it could have higher consumption utility, higher productivity, and attract more human capital, then lead higher growth. Those regions with the superior location will have higher utility due to more product varities and the comparative lower price, and higher wage due to the production technology, and it would attract more individuals with higher human capital to move to this location. It is a kind of agglomeration, meaning the superior location will hold more advantages and higher growth rate, otherwise those locations with poor geographic factor will be even worse. Based on Chinese provincial economic growth experiences of these years, this paper does some empirical analysis by regressing on some variables including the geographic ones. In this paper, the dummy variables and population density are used to measure the location factor. And we find evidences supporting the view that dominant locations such as coastal areas grow faster, on the contrary,middle and western provinces grow slower. Location does affect economic growth.  相似文献   

10.
At present, paid urban landuse system is one of the most important economic reform in China. In the other words, landuse right can be transferred and land users must pay the rent to the state according to the quality of land. It is necessary to apply the theory of rent and location to the economic approaisal of urban land. China is vast in territory. Is’s geographical condition and economic development vary from place to place, so does the urban land value. In order to reveal the difference of land value between different cities, the following method is used. (1) Analysing the factors and elements that affect the quality of urban land. Six factors including 17 elements were selected in this paper: macrolocation of a city, benefit of urban aggregation, infrastructure investment, output value of urban land, potential of urban land, and investment intensity. (2) Deciding the weight andvalue of each factor. (3) Appraising each element separately. (4) Accounting the value of all factors and getting the total appraisal score of each city. (5) Grouping the 430 Chinese cities into sevencategories according to the appraisal values. The result shows that all the cities in the category with the highest land output values are in the coast belt, whereas most cities in the inland and outlying areas are belong to the category with low rank. For example, 87% of the cities in the outlying regions are belong to the lowest rank. Although there are some relationship between the size of cities and urban land rank, generally speaking, the larger the city, the higher the urban land rank. In fact, the locational condition is the most important factor which influences the rank of urban land.  相似文献   

11.
ＴＨＥ ＵＮＥＶＥＮ ＤＥＶＥＬＯＰＭＥＮＴ ＡＮＤ ＳＰＡＴＩＡＬ ＤＩＦＦＵＳＩＯＮ ＯＦ ＣＨＩＮＥＳＥ ＣＥＮＴＲＡＬ ＣＩＴＩＥＳ ＮｉｎｇＹｕｅＡｎｎ（宁越敏）；ＹａｎＺｈｏｎｇｍｉｎ（严重敏）（ＴｈｅＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＧｅｏｇｒａｐ...  相似文献   

12.
1 INTRODUCTIONChina′s reform and open policies commenced in 1978 have developed international economic linkages and brought the country on the track toward economic globalization. Large amount of foreign direct investment (FDI) has flown to China and China has become the second or third largest FDI recipient since 1993 (UNCTAD, 1996; 1999). The annual increase in foreign trade has doubled the GDP growth rates. The globalization process has been accelerated since the mid-1990s as…  相似文献   

13.
Using datasets on high-tech industries in Beijing as empirical studies, this paper attempts to interpret spatial shift of high-tech manufacturing firms and to examine the main determinants that have had the greatest effect on this spatial evolution. We aimed at merging these two aspects by using firm level databases in 1996 and 2010. To explain spatial change of the high-tech firms in Beijing, the Kernel density estimation method was used for hotspot analysis and detection by comparing their locations in 1996 and 2010, through which spatial features and their temporal changes could be approximately plotted. Furthermore, to provide quantitative results, Ripley′s K-function was used as an instrument to reveal spatial shift and the dispersion distance of high-tech manufacturing firms in Beijing. By employing a negative binominal regression model, we evaluated the main determinants that have significantly affected the spatial evolution of high-tech manufacturing firms and compared differential influence of these locational factors on overall high-tech firms and each sub-sectors. The empirical analysis shows that high-tech industries in Beijing, in general, have evident agglomeration characteristics, and that the hotspot has shifted from the central city to suburban areas. In combination with the Ripley index, this study concludes that high-tech firms are now more scattered in metropolitan areas of Beijing as compared with 1996. The results of regression model indicate that the firms′ locational decisions are significantly influenced by the spatial planning and regulation policies of the municipal government. In addition, market processes involving transportation accessibility and agglomeration economy have been found to be important in explaining the dynamics of locational variation of high-tech manufacturing firms in Beijing. Research into how markets and the government interact to determine the location of high-tech manufacturing production will be helpful for policymakers to enact effective policies toward a more efficient urban spatial structure.  相似文献   

14.
This paper presents a development of the extended Cellular Automata (CA), based on relational databases(RDB), to model dynamic interactions among spatial objects. The integration of Geographical Information System (GIS)and CA has the great advantage of simulating geographical processes. But standard CA has some restrictions in cellularshape and neighbourheod and neighbour rules, which restrict the CA‘s ability to simulate complex, real world environ-ments. This paper discusses a cell‘‘s spatial relation based on the spatial object‘s geometrical and non-geometrical characteris-tics, and extends the cell‘‘ s neighbour definition, and considers that the cell‘ s neighbour lies in the forms of not only spa-tial adjacency but also attribute correlation. This paper then puts forward that spatial relations between two different ceilscan be divided into three types, including spatial adjacency, neighbourheod and complicated separation. Based on tradition-al ideas, it is impossible to settle CA‘‘s restrictions completely. RDB-based CA is an academic experiment, in whichsome fields are designed to describe the essential information needed to define and select a cell‘‘s neighbour. The cultureinnovation diffusion system has multiple forms of space diffusion and inherited characteristics that the RDB-based CA iscapable of simulating more effectively. Finally this paper details a successful case study on the diffusion of fashion weartrends. Compared to the original CA, the RDB-based CA is a more natural and efficient representation of human knowl-edge over space, and is an effective tool in simulating complex systems that have multiple forms of spatial diffusion.  相似文献   

15.
Urban internal structure is essential information for urban geography researchers and urban planners or managers. This research aims to examine the spatial structure changes of internal urban land use based on the interpreted datasets of 1984 and 2008. Spatio-temporal patterns of internal land use conversion and urban expansion are analyzed, and then dominant driving factors (e.g., social economy, population growth and urban planning) were identified. The results indicate that Beijing′s intra-urban layout has experienced tremendous adjustment from compact to disperse configure, otherwise its function objects have shifted from the major economic and industrial development before the 1990s to the combination with cultural, high-technological and inhabitable city at present. The dominant urban land use transformations include the relocation of industrial lands from core districts to suburban or other provinces, and the accelerating expansion of residential areas and green spaces for supplying the demand of housing and ecological protection. Although Beijing′s urban planning has experienced three major adjustments and improvement since the 1980s, its optimization of urban internal patterns still remains a challenge.  相似文献   

16.
Modern inbound tourism in China has been developing for 20 years, a trend line of inbound tourists in statistical data began to show. This paper introduces the concept of tourism background trend line, and explores its two functions as a barometer in demonstrating fluctuation in the tourism economy and as a forecaster in forecasting tourism development. The tourism background trend line is a new concept, the word “background” derived from environment science, refers to the “trend line” which reflects the dynamic curve or dynamic equation of tourism development without considering the impact of unexpected incidents. The introduction of this concept was inspired by Karl Marx’s comments on the relation between value and price. Tourism background trend line reflects the summary of multiple factors involving tourism resources, tourism demand, population growth, the scale and speed of economic development, and the spatial interaction between tourism origins and destimations. It demonstrates the natural and stable trend and the temporal law of tourism development in a country or region. The tourism statistical curve is at random, susceptible to disruptions and disturbances from serious political, economic and environmental happenings, but it always fluctuates around the background line. Tourism background line can reveal the potential of a country’s tourism development. Compared with the statistical line, it can be used as a “barometer” indicating ups and downs of tourism industry in the past. When naturally extended, the background trend line also can be used for forecasting the trend of tourism development in future. In this paper, 4 tourism background trend lines of China’s inbound tourists, i. e. foreign tourists, Hong Kong/Macao/Taiwan tourists, overseas Chinese tourists and total tourists from abroad, were established with statistical data from 1978 to 1996. And the impacts of the Political Event in 1989 (or Tiananmen Square Incident) on China’s inbound tourism were evaluated. The result shows that the impact of the Event was not limited within one year, but it stretched over 3 years. The total loss was 20 million in tourist arrivals and $1620 million in foreign currency income. The paper also studied the trend of China’s inbound tourism in the next 4 years. Foundation item: Under the auspices of National Natural Science Foundation of China. Brography: SUN Gen-nian(1961 —), male, a native of Xi’an City, Shaanxi Province, master of science, associate professor. His research interests include environment science, geography modeling and MIS for tourism.  相似文献   

17.
While China‘s economic growth has been impressive since 1978, regional disparity in terms of provincial per capita GDP has been increasing. On the other hand, this rapid but uneven growth was accompanied by China‘s deepening openness and structural reforms including the development of non-state-owned enterprises (non-SOEs) and fiscal decentralization. Based on quantitative analyses, this paper tries to explore the features of regional disparity in China and the relationships between regional growth and China‘s openness and economic structure reforms in the period from 1981 to 2000, The paper finds that the catching-up of the coastal region to the initially rich provinces, which are mainly located in inland areas, brought about a convergence of the growth pattern across provinces in the 1980s. The subsequent divergence in the provincial growth rates between the coast and the interior generated an enlarging regional disparity in China in the 1990s. The ever-faster growth in the coastal region was benefited by China‘s openness and the development of non-state-owned enterprises. The development of non-state-owned enterprises underlies the higher operational efficiency in the coastal region. Additionally, with the insignificant regression results, fiscal decentralization was observed to facilitate faster growth in the coast region. The findings justify the initiative of the “West Region Development Strategy“ and offer some policy implications for China.  相似文献   

18.
近30年山东省沿海养殖用地遥感监测分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
山东省是我国的近海养殖大省,近30年来,养殖用地的数量和空间分布发生了较大的变化。本文选择山东省沿海养殖用地为研究对象,以TM/ETM+、CBERS、HJ-1等多源遥感影像数据为基础,运用人机交互解译的方法,提取了1980年代末、2000、2005和2010年共4个时期的养殖用地信息,并运用单一土地利用动态度、重心迁移、景观破碎度等模型,研究近30年山东沿海养殖用地的时空演变格局。结果表明:(1)山东沿海地区养殖区面积呈增加趋势,养殖用地的单一土地利用动态度在1980年代末至2000年最大,为16.95%,2000至2005年下降到5.63%,2005至2010年最小,为5.19%。(2)养殖用地变化表现出空间异质性,东营市养殖面积增长速度最快,共净增加608.22 km2,其次为滨州市和威海市,青岛市和潍坊市呈现为先增加后减小的趋势。(3)近30年养殖区的破碎度增加了4.5倍,养殖区的分布重心向西北方向迁移。(4)增加的养殖用地主要源于城乡工矿居民用地、水域和耕地,而减少的养殖用地主要转化为城乡工矿居民用地和水域。  相似文献   

19.
从科技创新的基础、投入、产出和潜力4方面构建了旅游产业科技创新能力结构模型和综合评价指标体系,利用熵值法、线性加权法以及ArcGIS空间分析工具分析评价了2004、2008、2014年中国旅游产业科技创新能力的总体水平、时空动态演化及驱动因素。结果表明：① 2004-2014年,中国旅游产业科技创新能力总体上呈不断提高态势,但空间分布极不均衡,存在明显的地区差异,在趋势上基本表现出东西方向递增,南北方向倒“U”型分布态势;② 中国旅游产业科技创新能力在地理空间上存在着显著而稳定的集聚特征和一定的极化特征,毗邻的区域在旅游科技创新方面存在一定的空间外溢效应;③ 中国旅游产业科技创新能力热点区主要分布在北京、天津和少数东部沿海省份和中部省份,冷点区主要集中在中西部内陆地区的省份;④ 空间残差回归和地理加权回归研究表明,旅游产业基础、空间外溢效应、政策制度因素是驱动中国旅游产业科技创新能力时空变化3个核心因素。  相似文献   

20.
中国是世界汽车生产大国,产销量已连续9年蝉联世界第一,然而有关汽车产业的研究更多集中在区域尺度,对城市尺度的研究相对较少。本文以柳州市为案例,利用工商注册企业数据和核密度估计、负二项回归模型等方法分析了柳州市汽车制造业企业的空间格局与影响因素。结果表明：① 汽车制造业企业主要集中在河西、洛维、河东、阳和等城市组团,企业集聚范围逐步向东、向西扩散,其中向东扩散以柳东新区为主,向西扩散以河西高新技术产业开发区为主;② 汽车制造业企业在距离市中心0~11 km显著集聚,空间集聚强度呈现先增加后减小的趋势;③ 土地价格、交通条件、地方化经济、政策是影响汽车制造业企业区位选择和空间格局的重要因素;同时,汽车制造业JIT（Justin Time）生产方式也具有重要影响。在此基础上,提出汽车制造业企业区位选择和空间格局形成的循环累积机制、区位临近机制、价格传导机制。  相似文献   

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