共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 125 毫秒
1.
塔里木河下游物种多样性与地下水位灰色关联分析 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
根据植被样地资料和地下水埋深观测资料, 运用灰色关联法对物种多样性与地下水埋深的关系进行了分析. 结果表明: 在塔里木河下游, 物种多样性与地下水埋深变化关系密切, Shannon-Weiner指数、 Simpson指数、 Margalef指数、 Menhinick指数、 JSW指数和JSI指数与地下水埋深之间的灰色综合关联度都在0.70以上, 其中物种多样性指数Simpson指数与地下水埋深变化的灰色综合关联度最高, 为0.866, 其关联度数值体现了地下水埋深对物种多样性变化的主导性. 相似文献
2.
3.
当前在我国煤田勘探中采用的地震方法,多数仍然是从石油物探中延续下来的中频地震法。由于它的分辨能力不高,要完成查明小断层（断距在30米以下）、了解浅层（埋深200米以内）和详细掌握构造等地质任务是困难的,甚至是不可能的（如埋深200米以内的浅部,断裂频繁出现的复杂地区）。 相似文献
4.
5.
淞江古河道内地基土由饱和、呈松散—稍密状态亚砂土夹轻亚粘土、粉细砂等组成,各工点组成的地基土类型、反映在地震烈度7°时极易产生液化。产生严重液化深度主要在埋深3～10米,埋深10米以下往往仅具轻微液化。故于古河道内拟建建筑物,应重视地基土的液化判别工作,以利于地基土的处理。 相似文献
6.
前言富平地下水库属河谷型水库,位于渭河北岸支流石川河中游段。河谷嵌于黄土原中,地势开阔平坦,含水层分布稳定,厚度大,储水能力强;周边为透水性较弱的黄土所围;80米左右以下为相对隔水的粘土、亚粘土层。若以地下水开采前全河谷区平均水位埋深12.41米计,到目前开采地下水已腾空的库容达4.0亿立米以上。因此,如果有 相似文献
7.
8.
通过对西南某坝区压水试验数据的计算分析,提出了基于中值理论和几何均值的埋深域渗透系数取值区间法。首先将压水试验资料采用巴布什金经验公式和达西公式把吕荣值转换成渗透系数,并分析各分类项的数据分布类型。在分析研究区层状裂隙岩体岩性特征及其组合关系的基础上,运用均值和中值理论从宏观上分析研究区垂向和平面渗透特征,得出均值和中值分析的侧重点;再用渗透系数与埋深散点图绘制小值和大值取值趋势线,继而进行曲线拟合,并完成数理可靠性和物理含义的检验;运用通过检验的方程计算每米埋深的渗透系数,而后在划分的各埋深域内,依据小值和大值取值数量的差别,分别求取其几何平均值,最终得到各埋深域渗透系数取值区间。 相似文献
9.
10.
测温法是寻找地热田的一种直接勘探方法,而浅层测温法则由于工作效率高、成本低是一种很有前途的勘探方法。但因近地表温度场易受日变、年变等各种干扰因素的影响,因此,区分与校正各种干扰因素是方法能否取得良好效果的关键。本文讨论了校正与区分各干扰因素的方法。地表浅层温度信息是地下热源状况综合作用的结果。因此,利用近地表温度异常可推断地下热源分布状况。通过对简单形状热源(无限长圆柱形和球形)计算表明:当取1℃作为可探测到的温度异常时,利用1米深测温可发现埋深近500米、温度100℃的局部热源,而利用10米深测温可探测到埋深近800米同样规模同样温度的局部热源。计算结果虽然是在理想条件下进行的,但对指导实际工作具参考价值。文章结合漳州地热区的实际资料说明解释方法及应用1米深测温勘察地下热水取得的地质效果。 相似文献
11.
12.
对北京平原区南部大兴榆垡镇420m 深的PGZ01孔岩心进行了岩石地层、磁性地层、14C测年、介形类组合和孢粉组合研究。结果表明:(1)Matuyama(松山)/Gauss(高斯)和Brunhes(布容)/Matuyama(松山)极性界线分别位于280m和78.35m处,钻孔底部已经进入Gauss正极性带;取280m处Matuyama/Gauss极性界线作为第四系下限,显示可能的永定河泥石流-冲积扇在第四纪之前即到达了北京平原南部,但是华北平原上新统标志岩石地层单元--厚层棕红色黏土在Olduvai(奥尔都维)极性亚带之上即已出现。(2)结合AMS14C测年,尝试将约60m以上地层的氧化-还原状况,与对古季风影响反映灵敏的沿海平原钻孔同样深度地层进行对比,继而确定上更新统和全新统的底界深度分别位于56.60m和18.95m。(3)MIS5(海洋同位素阶段)以来的特征沉积物,与沿海平原钻孔地层有很好的可比性,同时也有8~4ka期间史前大洪水的影响。本研究为廊(坊)固(安)凹陷西北边缘区第四纪地层划分对比、古地理环境演化、活动断裂以及区域差异构造沉降研究,提供了重要的年代地层格架,对理解晚更新世以来古季风变化的环境效应有重要的启迪。 相似文献
13.
The paper demonstrates the application of a hypoplastic model in class A predictions of a NATM tunnel in an urban environment. The tunnel, excavated in a stiff clay, is 14 m wide with 6 m to 21 m of overburden thickness. The constitutive model was calibrated using laboratory data (oedometric and triaxial tests) and the parameters were optimised using monitoring data from an exploratory drift. Based on the optimised data set, the future tunnel was simulated. After the tunnel excavation, it could be concluded that the model predicted correctly surface settlements, surface horizontal displacements, and the distribution of vertical displacements with depth. It overpredicted horizontal displacements in the vicinity of the tunnel. 相似文献
14.
Assessment of the Capoterra coastal plain (southern Sardinia, Italy) by means of hydrogeological and geophysical studies 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Hydrogeological and geophysical surveys confirm that the aquifers of the Capoterra plain in Sardinia (Italy) constitute a complex, multilayer system. In the north-east of the plain, this system is composed of a shallow aquifer of recent alluvium and a deeper aquifer separated from the former by a clay layer; in the south-west there is no separation between the two aquifers. The deepest and most important member of the multilayer aquifer system is situated at the transition from Quaternary to Miocene sediments. With respect to deep structures and stratigraphy, several differentiations inside the Miocene sedimentary filling, whose overall thickness is in the order of 300 m, have been found. The combined interpretation of several datasets allows the Capoterra plain to be reliably modelled from surface to a depth of several hundreds of metres and provides the possibility of finding deeper groundwater resources. Concerning the latter, since Miocene materials are known to be impermeable in the middle of the plain, in contrast to the aquifers hosted in the Quaternary sediments and alluvium, the probability of finding fresh water at a depth of less than 350–400 m is very low. The condition of seawater intrusion affecting the aquifers is also elucidated. 相似文献
15.
弱透水层的渗透系数是区域地下水流系统划分和关键带水-土-生作用的重要参数.结合江汉平原关键带调查采集1:5万杨林尾-陆溪口图幅钻孔52组不同深度、不同岩性的原状土样,利用改进的渗透仪进行室内渗透实验,对粘性土样的渗透系数和粒度特征参数进行经验公式修正.发现研究区沉积物渗透系数与含水岩组埋深和岩性有关.浅层孔隙潜水含水岩组以粉质粘土、粘土为主,沉积环境稳定,渗透系数约10-9 m/s,变异系数为1.56;中深层承压含水岩组夹有多层粘土和粉砂,呈现多旋回分布的典型河湖交互作用的沉积环境,渗透系数为10-10~10-6 m/s,变异系数为2.04,变异性较大.利用有效孔隙比eu与黏粒含量P的显著二项式关系,修正预测粘性土渗透系数的太沙基经验公式,预测值与室内实测数据基本吻合,二者比值均小于10,验证了太沙基修正公式在河湖相平原区的适用性. 相似文献
16.
Attewell, P.B. and Farmer, I.W., 1974. Ground disturbance caused by shield tunnelling in a stiff, overconsolidated clay. Eng. Geol., 8: 361–381.
Some of the factors affecting ground deformation around shield tunnelling excavations in stiff clays are considered. There is particular reference throughout the paper to an analysis and interpretation of measured ground deformation around a 4.146-m diameter, hand-excavated, shield-driven tunnel at a nominal axis depth of 29.3 m in the overconsolidated London Clay. The maximum surface settlement was found, by precise levelling, to be 6.1 mm but the shape of the transverse surface settlement profile conformed to a normal probability curve only up to the time of shield passage. Of the contributory ground losses at the tunnel, yield of the clay at the tunnel face appears to dominate to the extent of generating up to 50% of the eventual surface settlement. Measurement evidence suggests a rate of yield at the face that is 2 to 3 times the radial yield over the shield and implies that up to about one-fifth of the surface settlement could be attributed to radial yield into the grouted sections of the erected tunnel lining. 相似文献
17.
河北平原发育巨厚的冲积、冲洪积沉积物,其岩性、岩相变化明显,仅仅依靠钻孔岩芯的岩性组合、沉积相分析难以建立具有代表性意义的地层层序,测试手段的发展和研究精度的提高,为建立河北平原区广大冲积平原的标准地层提供了可能。文章通过对第四系标准孔G01孔(钻孔深度415.5 m)的岩芯观察,按照沉积物颜色、沉积环境、沉积旋回和沉积构造等特点,将G01孔揭示的松散沉积物分为9大岩性段:第1岩性段主要为灰黑色粘土及灰黑色中砂,代表了河漫滩沉积和河道沉积;第2~5岩性段主要为灰黄-灰绿色粘土-粉砂质粘土-粉砂,发育水平层理和块状层理,局部发育波状层理,代表了河漫滩沉积;第6~9岩性段主要为灰黄-棕红色粘土、粉砂质粘土、粘土质粉砂夹灰黄色粉砂、细砂及砂砾层,代表了边滩、河道沉积和河床滞留沉积。通过对古地磁实验结果的分析得出,0~105.5 m为布容正极性时,105.5~183.7 m为松山反极性时,183.7~415.5 m为高斯正极性时。以磁性地层为主导、岩性地层特征和14C测年数据为辅,对固安G01孔第四纪岩性地层(183.7 m内)进行初步划分,其第四纪地层的下更新统、中更新统、上更新统和全新统的对应深度分别为183.7~105.5 m、105.5~59.2 m、59.20~21.45 m和21.45~0 m。 相似文献
18.
区域地下水系统防污性能评价方法探讨与验证——以鲁北平原为例 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
区域地下水系统防污性能评价,面临影响因子多又复杂、评价指标难以客观性选定和权重不易确定等难题,以至严重影响评价结果的可信性。本文以鲁北平原为例,在以往地下水脆弱性评价常用的DRASTIC模型基础上,采用创新的迭置指数方法,改进为"DRITCS法",选择地下水位埋深、包气带综合岩性、地表2 m内单层厚度大于0.5 m的粘土层厚、含水砂层厚度及其渗透系数、和地下水净补给量等因子,组成区域地下水系统防污性能评价模型。合理地确定了区域地下水系统防污性能评价中关键指标——包气带粘性土层变化影响,并在鲁北平原示范性应用和通过以面源污染为主的三氮污染现状验证的结果表明:本文提出的方法能够客观地反映流域性相变造成的地下水系统防污性能空间差异性和区位分布特征,具有较强的实用性。 相似文献
19.
长江三角洲南部平原古河谷充填沉积物特征及古地理意义 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：4
利用典型钻孔P5孔沉积物的岩性、测年、孢粉和有孔虫的分析结果，探讨了末次冰消期以来长江三角洲东南部古河谷区记录的气候波动和海平面阶段性上升过程及其控制下的古河谷沉积模式。研究发现本区古河谷末次冰消期（15～10 ka BP）以淡水湖沼相沉积为主，4 m厚的泥炭可能是新仙女木事件的反映。10～9 ka BP 发育滨海相粉细砂、粉砂沉积，反映此时海平面较为稳定。9～8 ka BP发育溺谷相泥质粉砂、粉砂质泥沉积，厚达11 m，反映海平面快速上升作用下的高速率充填。至全新世大暖期，古河谷区沉积顶界已和长江三角洲平原的第一硬土层埋深大致相同，反映古河谷已基本被填平。 相似文献
20.
Major part of the Holocene Ganges-Brahmaputra delta occupies the southern and southwestern part of Bangladesh with a smaller
part extending beyond the international boundary in the west. Five facies assemblages are documented in the lower deltaic
plain in five different depositional environments: levee or levee complex, bil or depression, abandoned meander belt, interdistributary
plain and estuarine plain. The thickness of the Holocene sediments ranges from 30 m to 70 m in the deltaic plain, usually
floored by the Pleistocene stiff clays, with the exception of the abandoned meander belt deposit where Holocene channel sand
deposited directly on the Pleistocene sand. Radiocarbon dates indicate that low-rate sedimentation has occurred in the northern
part, where 4-6 m thick sediments were deposited since the mid-Holocene, whereas 10-30 mthick sediments were deposited in
the southern part during the same span of time. In addition, significant coastal subsidence (3 mm/a on average), added by
sea-level rise (1.5 mm/a, conservative rate) occurs in the study area, which serves as a negative factor in degrading the
coastal plain of Bangladesh in the future, while taking into consideration the weaker sedimentation in the area. 相似文献