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为提高震害信息获取时效性,对基于我国国产高分遥感影像的建筑物震害信息提取方法进行深入研究,本文以2017年5月11日新疆塔县MS5.5地震为例,利用该地震前后极灾区高分遥感影像,利用结合纹理和形态学特征的方法进行了建筑物震害信息提取,通过变化检测分析获取了极灾区建筑物震害信息,并与基于像元级和基于目标级的信息提取结果进行对比,采用震后无人机影像目视解译结果对本文结果进行了精度验证。结果表明:通过缩减研究区范围可大力提高数据提取精度和速度;运用灰度共生矩阵、二值化、数学形态学等方法对影像进行迭代运算,能较好地提取高分遥感影像中的建筑物信息;通过对地震前后建筑物提取结果进行变化检测分析,能够有效地提取完全倒塌的建筑物,信息提取总体精度为90.45%,比基于像元级和基于目标级信息提取结果的精度分别提高了5.78%和5.23%,可为震后快速确定人员压埋点、部署救援力量提供决策依据,提高地震应急救援的时效性。 相似文献
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随着遥感信息源的不断增加,多种遥感数据被用于详细判读建筑物的震害情况.为准确判读震害等级与建立震害自动识别模式,本文收集整理了汶川地震震区的震害遥感图像,通过目视判读、图像处理、统计分析,重点分析了各类震害建筑物在光学影像中的特征表现、在合成孔径雷达图像中的成像机理特征以及在激光雷达图像中的三维特征.在此基础上构建了建筑物简化模型,并联合光学影像和雷达图像对震害建筑物的影像特征剖面予以分析.结果显示:光学遥感图像色彩信息符合人眼色觉原理,具有较好的直观判读效果;合成孔径雷达图像能够记录地物侧面、表面的粗糙程度和角反射特点,信息量丰富但不直观;激光雷达图像能获取建筑物的三维信息,因此震害评估工作中需有效地综合利用多源遥感数据,才能实现最佳的判识效果. 相似文献
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面向对象遥感分类方法在汶川地震震害提取中的应用 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
震后城市建筑物震害的自动识别与分类, 是遥感震害调查中的关键步骤, 其精度直接影响损失评估的结果. 而随着高分辨率遥感影像的发展, 传统基于像元的分类技术已不能满足需求, 引入面向对象的信息提取技术, 充分挖掘影像对象的纹理、形状和相互关系等信息, 能够有效的提高震害的分类精度. 该文阐述了面向对象的遥感震害提取思路和方法, 并应用汶川地震震后高分辨率航空遥感数据, 针对建筑物震害进行面向对象的快速提取与自动分类. 结果表明, 与基于像元分类比较, 面向对象的建筑物震害分类能够显著改善分类效果. 相似文献
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针对中分辨率遥感影像建筑物震害信息弱以及变化检测法受非震害信息影响大等弱点, 本文建立了一种基于变化检测的居民区震害信息快速提取方法. 该方法利用主成分变换增强震害信息, 采用监督分类法提取似居民区, 并用灯光影像数据进一步对似居民区提取结果进行优化, 从而很好地消除了变化检测方法中非震害因素的影响. 在此基础上, 以2001年印度MW7.6地震的极重灾区为研究区域, 利用震前、 震后Landsat卫星TM图像和震区灯光影像数据, 对本文算法进行了验证和分析. 结果表明, 在30—50 m中分辨率遥感影像上, 以建筑物为主的居民区震后图像变化最为显著的震害特征是反射率变大, 本文所建立的居民区震害信息提取方法在解决中分辨率遥感影像震害目标信息弱、 背景复杂等方面效果明显. 相似文献
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遥感图像面向对象分类作为空间信息提取的关键技术, 在震害信息提取方面发挥着非常重要的作用, 然而由于光学遥感影像是正射图像, 只能提取建筑物屋顶信息, 这使得单一利用震后光学影像进行震害信息提取存在一定的局限性. 针对该问题, 本文提出了一种基于合成孔径雷达(SAR)相关变化检测的光学影像震害建筑物面向对象提取方法, 即在光学影像面向对象提取的数据中融合SAR相关性, 对光学影像进行面向对象提取震害建筑物时不仅考虑建筑物的几何、 光谱等特征, 还加入震前震后变化信息即SAR相关性进行分类. 在此基础上, 选取2008年汶川MS8.0地震震区都江堰地区作为研究区进行试验. 结果表明, 本文提出的方法相对于单一使用光学影像进行震害建筑物提取, 其准确度有较明显的提高. 相似文献
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基于无人机影像的九寨沟地震建筑物震害定量评估 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用2017年8月8日九寨沟7.0级地震震后获取的无人机影像,结合地面震害调查资料,分析各类建筑物震害特征,建立建筑物震害无人机遥感解译标志;选取地震灾区漳扎镇(部分区域)和荷叶寨2个区域作为研究区,进行了无人机遥感建筑物震害提取,基于遥感震害指数进行了震害定量评估,并与现场建筑物震害调查统计结果进行了比较验证。结果显示,遥感解译建筑物震害与实际震害程度相吻合,表明利用震后快速获取的高分辨率无人机影像,可以较为准确地识别建筑物震害,进而为地震灾害定量评估和应急救援辅助决策提供重要参考。 相似文献
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为了提高建筑物震害信息提取的效率与准确度,针对震后高分辨率遥感影像,根据震害建筑物在遥感影像上的特征,以2010年海地MS7.0地震为例,通过尺度参数估计算法自动选择最优分割尺度对影像进行多尺度分割,并采用面向对象方法对海地高分辨率遥感影像进行建筑物震害信息提取,同时与基于像元的支持向量机、反向传播神经网络、基于分类回归算法的决策树分类方法进行比较。试验结果表明,面向对象的分类方法具有更好的目视效果和更高的分类精度,有利于地震后震害信息的准确提取和快速评估。 相似文献
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传统的利用震后单幅合成孔径雷达(SAR)影像对建筑物的震害特征分析大多基于街区范围, 很少基于其成像几何结构． 本文基于高分辨率SAR影像上的建筑物成像几何结构, 分析了建筑物单体的震害特点, 建立了利用距离向线性灰度累加的方法提取规则未倒塌建筑物的叠掩区和阴影区及倒塌建筑物的倒塌区, 并在此基础上进行各几何特征区域的纹理特征, 如同质度、 不相似度和熵的计算及其组合特征分析, 由此建立了基于SAR影像建筑物成像几何结构的震害分析方法． 采用该方法对2010年玉树MS7.1地震震后玉树县城区的高分辨率SAR影像进行分析, 结果表明: 叠掩、 阴影和二次散射亮线是进行建筑物震害解译的有效几何结构特征, 其中叠掩区和阴影区的影像纹理特征具有较好的震害识别能力; 与传统的简单特征统计方法相比, 考虑建筑物SAR影像成像几何结构的特征统计法, 可以显著提高建筑物的震害识别能力. 相似文献
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重点目标是抗震救援的关键, 重点目标的破坏大多与目标本身的破坏或破坏前后的形态变化有关。 本文利用数学形态学方法对地物形态特征(包括形状、 大小、 方向等)处理的优势和思路, 构建了重点目标信息提取流程和算法, 并利用海地地震的高分辨率遥感影像, 对震后油罐破损状态的分离和提取、 以及对机场跑道旧损状态的提取。 试验结果表明, 对于形态上能够明显区别于背景的重点目标, 可以利用灰度和结构信息通过数学形态学进行提取。 而且数学形态学算法构造灵活, 处理速度快, 便于硬件实现, 对应急救援的快速处理有一定应用前景。 相似文献
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面向对象的遥感震害信息提取方法——以汶川地震为例 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文总结了近年来利用遥感影像进行震害信息提取的方法和研究趋势,随着遥感影像分辨率的提高,震害信息提取逐渐从传统的基于像元方法向基于对象的方法转变.文中以汶川地震为例,利用面向对象的分类方法提取了典型震害信息,并提出了面向对象的变化检测方法的工作流程.对震害建筑物破坏情况,分别用最小距离分类、马氏距离分类、支撑向量机分类和面向对象分类进行了实验研究,并对这几种不同分类方法的实验结果进行了对比分析.实验结果表明,面向对象的震害信息提取方法克服了传统的基于像元的分类方法的缺点,提高了建筑物识别的精度,在建筑物震害和地震次生灾害的信息提取中取得了较好的效果. 相似文献
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The synthetic aperture radar (SAR) plays an important role in earthquake emergency response because of its all-time and all-weather imaging capabilities. On April 14, 2010, an MS7.1 earthquake occurred in Yushu county, Qinghai province of China, causing a lot of buildings collapsed. In this paper, the building damage in Yushu city due to the earthquake was assessed quantitatively using high-resolution X-band airborne SAR image. The features of the buildings with different damage levels (collapsed, partial collapsed, non-collapsed) in the SAR image were analyzed first. Based on these building features, we interpreted the individual building damage in Yushu city block by block and got the numbers of the collapsed, partial collapsed and non-collapsed buildings separately for each block, referring to pre-earthquake QuickBird image when necessary. Let the damage index of individual collapsed, partial collapsed, non-collapsed building be 1, 0.5, 0 respectively, the remote sensing damage index of each block was then calculated through remote sensing damage index equation. Finally, the preliminary quantitative relationship between the remote sensing damage index interpreted from the SAR image and that interpreted from the optical image was built up. It can be concluded that a desirable damage assessment result can be derived from high-resolution airborne SAR imagery. 相似文献
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A PRELIMINARY STUDY ON THE METHOD OF SEISMIC INTENSITY ASSESSMENT BASED ON RESIDENTIAL BUILDING DATA AND HIGH RESOLUTION REMOTE SENSING IMAGES 
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下载免费PDF全文 After destructive earthquakes, the assessment result of seismic intensity is an important decision-making basis for emergency rescue, recovery and reconstruction. This job requires higher timeliness by government and society. Because remote sensing technology is not affected by the terrible traffic conditions on the ground after the earthquake, large-scale seismic damage information in the earthquake area can be collected in a short time by the remote sensing image. The remote sensing technique plays a more and more important role in rapid acquisition of seismic damage information, emergency rescue decision-making, seismic intensity assessment and other work. On the basis of previous studies, this paper proposes a new method to assess seismic intensity by using remote sensing image, i.e. to interpret the building collapse rate of a residential quarter after an earthquake by high-resolution remote sensing images. If there already are detailed building data and building structure vulnerability matrix data of a residential area, we can calculate the building collapse rate under any intensity values in this residential area by using the theory of earthquake damage prediction. Assuming that the building collapse rate interpreted by remote sensing is equal to the building collapse rate predicted by using the existing data, it will be easy to calculate the actual seismic intensity of the residential area in this earthquake event. Based on this idea, according to the relevant standard specifications issued by China Earthquake Administration, this paper puts forward some functional models, such as the calculation model of building collapse rate based on remote sensing, the data matrix model of residential building structure, the prediction function matrix model of residential building collapse rate and the prediction model of residential building collapse rate. A formula for calculating seismic intensity by using remote sensing interpretation of collapse rate is also proposed. To test and verify the proposed method, this paper takes two neighboring blocks of Jiegu Town after the Yushu M7.1 earthquake in Qinghai Province as an example. The building structure matrix of the study block was constructed by using pre-earthquake 0.6m resolution satellite remote sensing image(QuickBird, acquired on November 6, 2004), post-earthquake 0.2m aerial remote sensing image(acquired by National Bureau of Surveying and Mapping, April 15, 2010) and some field investigation data. The building collapse rate in the two blocks was calculated by using the interpretation results of seismic damage from the Remote Sensing Technology Coordinating Group of China Seismological Bureau. The seismic damage matrix of building structures in Yushu area is constructed by using the abundant scientific data of the scientific investigation team of the project “Comprehensive Scientific Investigation of the Yushu M7.1 Earthquake in Qinghai Province” of China Seismological Bureau. On this basis, the collapse rate prediction function of different structures in Yushu area is constructed. According to the prediction function of collapse rate and the building structure matrix of the two blocks, the building collapse rate under different intensity values is predicted, and the curve of intensity-collapse rate function is drawn. By comparing the building collapse rate interpreted by remote sensing and the intensity-collapse rate function curve of this two blocks, the seismic intensity of both blocks are calculated to be the same value: Ⅸ degree, which is consistent with the results of the field scientific investigation of the earthquake. The validation shows that the method proposed in this paper can effectively avoid the influence caused by the difference of seismic performance of buildings and accurately evaluate seismic intensity when using remote sensing technique. The method has certain application value for earthquake emergency work. 相似文献
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Wang Xiaoqing Wang Long Zhang Xihai Ding Xiang Qiu Hu Dong Yanfang DouAixia Zhang Feiyu Liu Zaitao 《中国地震研究》2009,23(4):392-401
The fast developing remote sensing techniques play an increasingly important role in earthquake emergency response, disaster survey and loss estimation. As there is a lack of quantitative studies on seismic damage based on remote sensing, its practicality in seismic disaster management has usually been questioned. The paper introduces the essential quantitative study idea, the concept of the remote sensing seismic damage index (DRS_I RS) and analysis models, demonstrates the seismic damage indices (DG_IC) of buildings obtained from ground surveying and its quantitative relation to DRS_I RS in Dujiangyan city, Sichuan Province, which was destroyed by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake with M_S8.0. The primary results show that an obvious relationship exists between the DRS_I RS of buildings obtained from the high resolution satellite or aerial remote sensing images and DG_I C or the building collapse ratio obtained through ground survey, which suggests that the quantitative study on seismic damage based on remote sensing will provide an effective method for seismic damage survey and loss estimation. 相似文献