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利用多波段联合观测数据,综合分析研究了一个发生于2007年5月23日的日冕物质抛射(Coronal Mass Ejection,CME)爆发事件的起源和初始阶段的物理演化过程.该CME起源于活动区10956内的一个并没有严格地位于活动区极性反转线上的U形活动区暗条,该暗条首先被扰动,然后从中间部分开始缓慢上升.在暗条上升运动过程中,从极紫外和软X射线像上可观测到位于暗条上方的日冕磁环也在不断地上升并且有持续向外的扩张运动.最终,这些冕环和暗条一起爆发并伴随着一个位于暗条断开位置附近的日冕暗化区域的形成.这一爆发过程还伴随着一个静止轨道业务卫星(GeostationaryOperational Environmental Satellites,GOES)软X射线流量级别为B5.3的亚耀斑发生,该光斑显示出与CME之间具有在时间和空间上的紧密联系.与CME的"标准"磁流绳模型一致,这些太阳表面活动可以看作是CME的初始演化阶段在日面上的表现信号,并且该CME的亮前锋可能是由预先存在于暗条上方的冕环体系直接演化而来.另外,文中还讨论了与该事件相关的暗条爆发、耀斑、冕环扩张和消失以及日冕暗化之间的关系. 相似文献
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利用色球Hα线心像、TRACEUV和SOHO/EITEUV单色像、SOHO/LASCO白光日冕观测、SOHO/MDI光球磁图以及Nobeyama射电观测,对2004年1月8日日面边缘δ位形黑子群AR10537内发生的一个M1.3耀斑及相关的CME进行了初步的分析。该耀斑除了位于反极性磁场区域、覆盖部分黑子半影的两个主耀斑带外,还伴随有一个明显的远距离耀斑带,这表明有扰动能量沿大尺度日冕结构从耀斑源区向外传播。这一远区增亮处随后有EITdimming出现,表明色球蒸发导致的物质损失可能是产生日冕dimming的重要因素。另外,位于远距离耀斑带南面的一个大宁静暗条在耀斑发生后有部分消失,这可能与该耀斑导致的大尺度日冕磁场重构有关。该耀斑爆发与LASCO观测到的一个快速partialhaloCME在空间和时间上具有密切的关系,它们极可能是相同磁场过程在日冕的不同表现,故我们将此耀斑及与之伴随的日冕dimming认证为这一CME的日面源区。 相似文献
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光球物质的水平运动对暗条激活和耀斑爆发的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本文作者用数值方法讨论光球物质水平运动的两种基本模式－剪切运动和会聚运动对活动区背景磁场及暗条电流的影响，并由此分析它们与暗条激活以及耀斑爆发的物理关系，所得结果表明：（１）光球物质的水平运动在激活暗条和驱动耀斑爆发中具有重要的作用；（２）作为耀斑现象先兆之一的暗条激活过程，主要是由暗条电流的增强和背景磁场的演化所决定，这个过程的复杂性导致了耀斑现象物理机制和形态的多样性。 相似文献
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利用色球Ha单色像、TRACE和SOHO／EITEUV单色像、SOH0／LASCO白光日冕观测及SOH0／MDI光球磁图，对2003年8月25日日面AR0442边界上2个暗条爆发的不同动力学行为及与之相关的耀斑、耀斑后环和CME等现象进行了分析。主要结论如下：(1)2个暗条的激活态和爆发过程有明显不同：暗条F1先变粗变黑，出现明显分叉，然后表现为whiplike爆发；而暗条F2一部分先消失，其余部分出现水平的轴向运动，最后F2整体爆发。(2)2个暗条的爆发机制是不同的：F1的爆发可能与新浮磁流密切相关，而F2的爆发与F1爆发产生的双带耀斑的分离运动和相互作用密切相关。 相似文献
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Boulder88161(AR5060)黑子群是1988年所有黑子群中最大的一群,后随部分有一δ型黑子F3。图1为7月2日的白光照片。 1、光学耀斑:(1)S级小耀斑数在28日最大,之后几天逐步下降,但仍保持在每天3～5个。(2)X-射线强度与S级耀斑个数基本一致。M级事件与1,2,3级耀斑相对应。(3)射电流量曲线与耀斑的1,2,3级个数相对应。 2、黑子群的纵向磁场演化:纵向场结构变化十分明显。浮现磁通逐渐变强,梯度最大为0.4～0.5G/Km,在耀斑处为<0.35G/Km。对耀斑处磁通量逐日上升。在耀斑前几天上升很快。黑子群横向场:在3B级耀斑处横向场很弱,尤其在耀斑的位置上。而在黑子后随部分有很强的横向场存在。 3、耀斑的发生过程:7月2日的3B级耀斑约从0030UT开始,0056UT极大,约一个多小时后才消失。此处中性线扭曲,形成一种湾形结构。一条横躺的S形暗条勾出了中性线形状。另有一束很粗的暗条从这一区域出发与黑子后随部分相连。耀斑初始是由S形暗条西端开始发亮的。约5分钟后后随部分有增亮,8分钟后消失。在S形暗条处耀斑增亮达到极大,形状是沿着中性线和暗条走向的。达到最大面积时,发亮区域覆盖了S极性区。 分析:88161是一个非常活跃的新生黑子群。后随部分磁场复杂多变,而大的耀斑并没有发生在那里。其原因:(1)大耀斑不同于小耀斑, 相似文献
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太阳磁场历来被视为太阳物理一个重要量。在1988年12月15日至12月25日,全国对日面活动区88184(怀柔)进行了联测,这是一个S型黑子。我们利用太阳磁场望远镜取得了纵向磁场图,视向速度场和一系列照片。从Fig.1我们可以看到黑子群的三个暗核(用F1、F2、F3表示)。17日另一个小黑子F4出现并于19日消失,F2向左移动并离开F1。由图2可以看出其磁场非常复杂,三个主要核是S极并被N极围住,在B和C附近有一个孤岛结构,19日它与B联结。 在观测中我们还看到在耀斑期间暗条的破裂和耀斑后暗条重建的过程。 相似文献
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本文利用赣榆站获得的精细Ｈα资料，分析了同ＮＯＡＡ６３２７和６３３１活动区相关的一个大暗条的活动情况，这是一个部分宁静和部分活动的复合暗条，伴有频繁的分裂和重现。特别是在１０月２９日附近活动区的耀斑活动后将它激活，暗条在耀斑的ＭＨＤ长波的激发下，呈现出强烈的红移特征－向下沉降，本文利用ＶａｎＴｅｄｅｔａｌ所发展的暗条电流模型来解释暗条的活动，针对不同的背景场形式和参数，计算了暗条的不稳定（向上或向 相似文献
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本文分析了廿一周峰年期间云南天文台观测到的廿个无黑子区耀斑,得到如下结果: 1.无黑子区耀斑的一般特征是:1) 无黑子区耀斑的自然产率约3％,2) 其卡林顿经度分布有向东飘移的趋势,3) 无黑子区的耀斑多为低能耀斑,4) 无黑子区耀斑产生的背景条件和黑子区耀斑一样,必须在耀斑区的太阳大气中存在异极性磁场结构。无黑子区耀斑都发生在沿大尺度磁场中性线(H_=0)延伸的暗条两侧或其附近。 2.在耀斑前,由于磁场的扰动,使被浮托在H_=0线上的宁静暗条在耀斑前几小时到一两天激活,临近耀斑位置的一段暗条先是发展增大,同时伴随着谱斑增亮,在耀斑爆发前几分钟或与耀斑发展的同时,该暗条迅速衰减乃至完全消失。与此同时,有的无黑子活动区的可见纤维与暗条的交角由大变小,表明活动区所受的力由挤压力逐渐转化为剪切力。本文还粗略地估计了无黑子区耀斑的能量。 相似文献
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Coronal mass ejections (CMEs) are considered to be associated with large-scale, closed magnetic field structures in the corona. These structures change throughout the solar activity cycle following the evolution of the general solar magnetic field. To study the variation of CME characteristics with the evolution of coronal magnetic structures, we compute the 3-D coronal magnetic field at minimum and maximum of activity with a source-surface potential field model. In particular, we study the central latitude distribution of CMEs and the frequency of occurrence of the different CME types in these two periods. We find that most CMEs are indeed associated with large-scale, magnetically closed structures, and their latitudinal distribution follows the solar cycle latitudinal changes of the location of these structures. We also find that different CME types, which constitute different fractions of the total during the maximum and the minimum, are associated with different shapes and orientations of the closed structures at different times of the solar cycle. 相似文献
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R. Rodríguez Taboada G. Gil Moreno A. Méndez Berhondo R. Pérez-Enriquez 《Astrophysics and Space Science》1997,256(1-2):373-376
The existence of three magnetic scenarios with magnetic field intensities one order apart was considered. CMEs were associated to different solar activity phenomena and solar features showing different characteristics. Those associated to intense magnetic fields were more complex, having either more components or multiple emissions and a greater magnetic energy to particle acceleration conversion rate. On the other hand, simple CMEs were found to associate to weak magnetic fields. No evidence was found that the process that leads to CME starts before their detection at 1.6 solar radii. This indicates that the whole volume moves upward simultaneously, no matter how deep it reaches into the solar atmosphere. 相似文献
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Large-scale solar eruptions, known as coronal mass ejections (CMEs), are regarded as the main drivers of space weather. The exact trigger mechanism of these violent events is still not completely clear; however, the solar magnetic field indisputably plays a crucial role in the onset of CMEs. The strength and morphology of the solar magnetic field are expected to have a decisive effect on CME properties, such as size and speed. This study aims to investigate the evolution of a magnetic configuration when driven by the emergence of new magnetic flux in order to get a better insight into the onset of CMEs and their magnetic structure. The three-dimensional, time-dependent equations for ideal magnetohydrodynamics are numerically solved on a spherical mesh. New flux emergence in a bipolar active region causes destabilisation of the initial stationary structure, finally resulting in an eruption. The initial magnetic topology is suitable for the ??breakout?? CME scenario to work. Although no magnetic flux rope structure is present in the initial condition, highly twisted magnetic field lines are formed during the evolution of the system as a result of internal reconnection due to the interaction of the active region magnetic field with the ambient field. The magnetic energy built up in the system and the final speed of the CME depend on the strength of the overlying magnetic field, the flux emergence rate, and the total amount of emerged flux. The interaction with the global coronal field makes the eruption a large-scale event, involving distant parts of the solar surface. 相似文献
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综述日冕物质抛射的观测和持性，简短的前言之后，给出ＣＭＥ的发现经过及统计特性，着重介绍ＣＭＥ与其他种类太阳活动的相关。然后介绍ＣＭＥ的一般特性，包括可能与ＣＭＥ相关的一些物理过程的观测特性。初步结论是：ＣＭＥ是一种演变中的磁结构现象。 相似文献
16.
Yu Liu 《Solar physics》2008,249(1):75-84
Liu et al. (Astrophys. J.
628, 1056, 2005a) described one surge – coronal mass ejection (CME) event showing a close relationship between solar chromospheric surge ejection
and CME that had not been noted before. In this work, large Hα surges (>72 Mm, or 100 arcsec) are studied. Eight of these
were associated with CMEs. According to their distinct morphological features, Hα surges can be classified into three types:
jetlike, diffuse, and closed loop. It was found that all of the jetlike surges were associated with jetlike CMEs (with angular
widths ≤30 degrees); the diffuse surges were all associated with wide-angle CMEs (e.g., halo); the closed-loop surges were not associated with CMEs. The exclusive relation between Hα surges and CMEs indicates
difference in magnetic field configurations. The jetlike surges and related narrow CMEs propagate along coronal fields that
are originally open. The unusual transverse mass motions in the diffuse surges are suggested to be due to magnetic reconnections
in the corona that produce wide-angle CMEs. For the closed-loop surges, their paths are just outlining stable closed loops
close to the solar surface. Thus no CMEs are associated with them. 相似文献
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目前观测得到的日冕物质抛射(coronal mass ejection,CME)只是其在天空平面的投影,其观测参量与真实参量之间存在一定的差异.而CME的速度是对其地磁效应有决定性影响的参量,因此对CME测量速度作投影效应改正是一个重要的研究课题.综述了近年来对CME测量速度进行投影效应改正的方法,并指出了这些投影效应改正方法中存在的一些问题和进一步的研究方向. 相似文献
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K. Bocchialini B. Grison M. Menvielle A. Chambodut N. Cornilleau-Wehrlin D. Fontaine A. Marchaudon M. Pick F. Pitout B. Schmieder S. Régnier I. Zouganelis 《Solar physics》2018,293(5):75
Taking the 32 storm sudden commencements (SSCs) listed by the International Service of Geomagnetic Indices (ISGI) of the Observatory de l’Ebre during 2002 (solar activity maximum in Cycle 23) as a starting point, we performed a multi-criterion analysis based on observations (propagation time, velocity comparisons, sense of the magnetic field rotation, radio waves) to associate them with solar sources, identified their effects in the interplanetary medium, and looked at the response of the terrestrial ionized and neutral environment. We find that 28 SSCs can be related to 44 coronal mass ejections (CMEs), 15 with a unique CME and 13 with a series of multiple CMEs, among which 19 (68%) involved halo CMEs. Twelve of the 19 fastest CMEs with speeds greater than 1000 km?s?1 are halo CMEs. For the 44 CMEs, including 21 halo CMEs, the corresponding X-ray flare classes are: 3 X-class, 19 M-class, and 22 C-class flares. The probability for an SSC to occur is 75% if the CME is a halo CME. Among the 500, or even more, front-side, non-halo CMEs recorded in 2002, only 23 could be the source of an SSC, i.e. 5%. The complex interactions between two (or more) CMEs and the modification of their trajectories have been examined using joint white-light and multiple-wavelength radio observations. The detection of long-lasting type IV bursts observed at metric–hectometric wavelengths is a very useful criterion for the CME–SSC events association. The events associated with the most depressed Dst values are also associated with type IV radio bursts. The four SSCs associated with a single shock at L1 correspond to four radio events exhibiting characteristics different from type IV radio bursts. The solar-wind structures at L1 after the 32 SSCs are 12 magnetic clouds (MCs), 6 interplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICMEs) without an MC structure, 4 miscellaneous structures, which cannot unambiguously be classified as ICMEs, 5 corotating or stream interaction regions (CIRs/SIRs), one CIR caused two SSCs, and 4 shock events; note than one CIR caused two SSCs. The 11 MCs listed in 3 or more MC catalogs covering the year 2002 are associated with SSCs. For the three most intense geomagnetic storms (based on Dst minima) related to MCs, we note two sudden increases of the Dst, at the arrival of the sheath and the arrival of the MC itself. In terms of geoeffectiveness, the relation between the CME speed and the magnetic-storm intensity, as characterized using the Dst magnetic index, is very complex, but generally CMEs with velocities at the Sun larger than 1000 km?s?1 have larger probabilities to trigger moderate or intense storms. The most geoeffective events are MCs, since 92% of them trigger moderate or intense storms, followed by ICMEs (33%). At best, CIRs/SIRs only cause weak storms. We show that these geoeffective events (ICMEs or MCs) trigger an increased and combined auroral kilometric radiation (AKR) and non-thermal continuum (NTC) wave activity in the magnetosphere, an enhanced convection in the ionosphere, and a stronger response in the thermosphere. However, this trend does not appear clearly in the coupling functions, which exhibit relatively weak correlations between the solar-wind energy input and the amplitude of various geomagnetic indices, whereas the role of the southward component of the solar-wind magnetic field is confirmed. Some saturation appears for Dst values \(< -100\) nT on the integrated values of the polar and auroral indices. 相似文献
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D. F. Webb H. Cremades A. C. Sterling C. H. Mandrini S. Dasso S. E. Gibson D. A. Haber R. W. Komm G. J. D. Petrie P. S. McIntosh B. T. Welsch S. P. Plunkett 《Solar physics》2011,274(1-2):57-86
The Whole Heliosphere Interval (WHI) was an international observing and modeling effort to characterize the 3-D interconnected ??heliophysical?? system during this solar minimum, centered on Carrington Rotation 2068, March 20??C?April 16, 2008. During the latter half of the WHI period, the Sun presented a sunspot-free, deep solar minimum type face. But during the first half of CR 2068 three solar active regions flanked by two opposite-polarity, low-latitude coronal holes were present. These departures from the quiet Sun led to both eruptive activity and solar wind structure. Most of the eruptive activity, i.e., flares, filament eruptions and coronal mass ejections (CMEs), occurred during this first, active half of the interval. We determined the source locations of the CMEs and the type of associated region, such as active region, or quiet sun or active region prominence. To analyze the evolution of the events in the context of the global solar magnetic field and its evolution during the three rotations centered on CR 2068, we plotted the CME source locations onto synoptic maps of the photospheric magnetic field, of the magnetic and chromospheric structure, of the white light corona, and of helioseismological subsurface flows. Most of the CME sources were associated with the three dominant active regions on CR 2068, particularly AR 10989. Most of the other sources on all three CRs appear to have been associated with either isolated filaments or filaments in the north polar crown filament channel. Although calculations of the flux balance and helicity of the surface magnetic features did not clearly identify a dominance of one region over the others, helioseismological subsurface flows beneath these active regions did reveal a pronounced difference among them. These preliminary results suggest that the ??twistedness?? (i.e., vorticity and helicity) of subsurface flows and its temporal variation might be related to the CME productivity of active regions, similar to the relationship between flares and subsurface flows. 相似文献
20.
Irina A. Bilenko 《Solar physics》2014,289(11):4209-4237
We consider the influence of the solar global magnetic-field structure (GMFS) cycle evolution on the occurrence rate and parameters of coronal mass ejections (CMEs) in Solar Cycles 23?–?24. It has been shown that, over solar cycles, CMEs are not distributed randomly, but they are regulated by evolutionary changes in the GMFS. It is proposed that the generation of magnetic Rossby waves in the solar tachocline results in the GMFS cycle changes. Each Rossby wave period favors a particular GMFS. It is proposed that the changes in wave periods result in GMFS reorganization and consequently in CME location, occurrence rate, and parameter changes. The CME rate and parameters depend on the sharpness of the GMFS changes, the strength of the global magnetic field, and the phase of a cycle. 相似文献