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1.
脆性岩石材料在压应力作用下常出现两类裂纹：翼型张拉裂纹和次生剪切裂纹。近场动力学是一种新型的无网格数值计算方法。在近场动力学理论中,采用积分形式的控制方程代替微分形式的控制方程使得该数值算法在断裂问题上具有独特的优势。将Mohr-Coulomb准则和最大主应力准则引入非普通“态”基近场动力学理论中,分别用于模拟材料常见的压剪和张拉破坏。这种扩展的非普通“态”基近场动力学可以有效地模拟脆性岩石材料在多种受力状态下的裂纹起裂、扩展和连接问题。通过5个不同的数值算例说明该数值算法在处理脆性岩石材料断裂问题的有效性和准确性。首先,通过模拟含圆孔的弹性板拉伸数值试验说明该数值算法的有效性和准确性。其次,数值模拟了简单三点弯曲试验以及不使用其他外部准则条件下动荷载作用下裂纹的分叉试验,所得结果与其他试验结果或数值结果相吻合,从而验证了该理论的有效性。然后,模拟了包含斜裂纹的巴西圆盘试验,裂纹扩展路径和计算所得的断裂韧度同样吻合于试验结果。最后,模拟了单轴压缩状态下,预制裂纹试样的裂纹扩展和连接问题。将该数值算法与试验结果对比表明,所提出的数值方法可以模拟和预测岩石类材料的张拉和压剪裂纹的起裂、扩展和连接行为。 相似文献
2.
针对岩石类材料压剪破坏,国内外学者做了大量真实岩石和模型材料的试验,并进行相应的数值模拟工作。但由于试验结果往往具有很强的离散性,且对影响试验结果的各因素缺乏系统地理论分析,加之传统常规有限元在处理裂纹这类强不连续问题时存在很大的困难,如在裂尖附近的高应力区需要剖分令人难以接受的密度的网格,同时在模拟裂纹生长时还需要对网格进行重新剖分,操作繁琐复杂,效率极低,因此,针对压剪复合断裂翼裂纹扩展规律的研究始终没有取得令人满意的成果。对原生裂纹的几何形态,主裂纹面与其间填充物的相互作用对翼裂纹起裂角的影响做了系统的理论分析,并利用扩展有限元对翼型裂纹扩展全过程进行数值模拟,与理论分析结果对比,吻合良好。相关成果为以后针对压剪复合断裂的研究提供了理论分析框架,同时对今后相关试验的开展具有理论指导作用 相似文献
3.
《岩土力学》2017,(6)
用大直径分离式霍普金森压杆冲击砂岩的压缩单裂纹圆孔板,成功地监测到Ⅰ型动态断裂的全过程。实验中由裂纹扩展计分别纪录了动态起裂、扩展、止裂、和再起裂时刻,采用分形裂纹扩展模型分析曲折裂纹的扩展速度,最后用实验-数值-解析法确定砂岩的动态起裂韧度、动态扩展韧度、动态止裂韧度以及二次动态起裂韧度。动态断裂全过程的实验结果表明:裂纹扩展路径为不规则曲线,此时裂纹动态扩展速度表征的普适函数值会比假设裂纹路径为直线时小;利用分形模型得到更加接近真实的动态扩展韧度;砂岩的动态起裂韧度大于动态止裂韧度;由于初次动态起裂时的裂纹实为人工切槽,而二次动态起裂时为天然形成的裂纹因而非常尖锐,初次动态起裂韧度略大于二次动态起裂韧度。 相似文献
4.
对Weibull模型公式进行变形和演化,得到一个用于定量表示连续级配分布的级配方程,该级配方程可以表示双曲线、近似直线、反S形曲线3种典型级配分布形态。对粉土、黏土、砂土、粗粒土的级配分布进行拟合,拟合结果均良好。从粒径的分布范围考虑,用理论推导的方法,对级配参数的取值范围进行了详细的研究。将实际拟合结果和理论推导结果相结合,得到最终的级配参数范围：c为0.001～1.5,n为0.065～4.8。将新级配方程与Talbot分形级配方程、吴二鲁单参数级配方程进行对比分析,发现Talbot分形级配方程不能反映反S形级配分布,单参数级配方程不能反映颗粒均匀的窄级配分布,而新级配方程对以上不同级配分布均拟合良好,因此新级配方程具有更广泛的适用性。另外,对级配参数在剔除法、相似级配法、等量替代法、混合法下的演变进行了推导,实现了对缩尺前后级配分布的定量表示。 相似文献
5.
模拟岩石压剪状态下主次裂纹萌生开裂的扩展有限元法 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
压剪应力状态下,岩石类材料中常见两类裂纹：翼型张拉裂纹和次生压剪裂纹。基于扩展有限元方法（XFEM）,提出了模拟压剪裂纹面作用机制的扩展有限元位移增强方案,并给出了扩展有限元法分叉裂纹处理方法,分别用最大周向拉应力准则和Mohr-Coulomb准则判断张拉裂纹和压剪裂纹的萌生和扩展。基于Matlab平台编写了数值计算程序Betaxfem 2D,通过两个算例对所提方案进行了验证,所得结果与有限元法（FEM）计算结果吻合很好。模拟了单轴压缩载荷下含预制闭合裂纹试件的裂纹分叉、扩展过程,与试验结果的对比表明,所提方案可以模拟和预测岩石类材料张拉、压剪交互分叉裂纹的萌生和扩展行为。 相似文献
6.
高渗透压对深部地下工程脆性岩石蠕变力学特性有着重要影响。然而,能够解释高渗透压作用脆性岩石完整减速、稳态及加速三级蠕变过程中,细观裂纹扩展与宏观变形关系的宏细观力学模型研究很少。基于考虑含有初始裂纹与新生成翼型裂纹影响的裂纹尖端应力强度模型,引入渗透水压与初始裂纹及新生成翼型裂纹之间的力学关系,建立了考虑渗透水压作用的裂纹尖端应力强度模型;然后结合亚临界裂纹扩展法则,与裂纹及应变损伤关系模型,推出了考虑渗透水压影响的脆性岩石蠕变裂纹扩展与宏观变形关系的宏细观力学模型。当施加轴向应力小于岩石裂纹启裂应力时,岩石近似表现为线弹性变形;当施加轴向应力大于裂纹启裂应力且小于岩石峰值强度,岩石表现为塑性蠕变变形。研究了不同渗透压作用下,分级轴向应力加载岩石蠕变应变时间演化曲线,并通过试验结果验证了模型的合理性。分别讨论了恒定渗透压与分级渗透压,对脆性岩石蠕变过程中裂纹长度、裂纹扩展速率、轴向应变及轴向应变率的影响。该模型为高渗透压深部地下工程围岩稳定性评价提供了重要理论依据。 相似文献
7.
岩体内部存在大量的裂隙,由于填充物的存在,在大多数情况下裂纹面是闭合的,受外力作用时会产生摩擦力,进而会影响到岩体裂隙的起裂模式和扩展行为。因此,为了研究闭合裂纹的起裂模式和扩展行为,用类岩石材料PMMA有机玻璃板制成含有闭合裂纹的预裂试样,在试样上进行单轴压缩试验,用数字图像相关系统（digital image correlation,简称DIC）记录并分析了闭合裂纹的起裂和扩展特征。另外,使用扩展有限元法（extended finite element method,简称XFEM）来模拟闭合裂纹的萌生和扩展,通过模拟得到了含闭合裂纹试样的破坏过程,并分析了闭合裂纹的起裂和扩展特征,与试验结果吻合良好,验证了数值模拟的有效性。在此基础上,引入裂纹倾角和裂纹面摩擦系数为变量,模拟研究了其对闭合裂纹起裂和扩展行为的作用机制。研究结果表明,裂纹闭合条件下产生的裂纹为翼型张拉裂纹。裂纹倾角和裂纹面摩擦系数对闭合裂纹的起裂模式和扩展行为有较大影响,裂纹倾角越大,起裂角越大;相反,裂纹面摩擦系数越大,起裂角越小。另外,裂纹面摩擦系数会对闭合裂纹的扩展产生抑制作用,且随着摩擦系数不断增大,抑制作用... 相似文献
8.
砂土中水平受荷桩非线性分析 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
对水平受荷桩的非线性分析,多采用p-y曲线法。现行p-y曲线模型很多,曲线形式和选用的参数各不相同。分析各桩土参数对现有p-y曲线的影响,并选择合理的标准化参数将各p-y曲线归一化,采用双曲线模型拟合归一化曲线。总结目前对地基反力模量和土体极限抗力的研究,并考虑桩径、施工等因素的影响,选择合理的双曲线模型参数。通过实例对比分析,证明了双曲线模型以及参数选取的有效性和适用性。双曲线模型形式简洁,符合理想土体的应力-应变关系,并能近似拟合现有的砂土p-y曲线,可广泛用于工程中砂土水平受荷桩基的非线性分析 相似文献
9.
利用Instron1342型电液伺服材料试验机,采用双扭常位移松弛法对花岗岩试件在空气中及饱和水两种条件下进行了亚临界裂纹扩展试验研究,获得了相应的裂纹扩展速率V与应力强度因子KI的关系（KI -V曲线）及亚临界裂纹扩展参数,讨论了两种环境下裂纹亚临界扩展的规律,并对两种环境下亚临界裂纹扩展参数进行了对比分析。研究表明：采用常位移松弛法所测试的两种条件下的lgKI -lgV关系都有很好的线性规律。在双对数坐标空间中,含饱和水试件的lgKI -lgV曲线位于空气中试件lgKI -lgV曲线的左上角,曲线斜率减小,而截距增加。在同一应力强度因子水平上,含饱和水试件的裂纹扩展速度大,说明水能加速亚临界裂纹扩展,与实际相一致。 相似文献
10.
孔槽式圆盘破坏特性与裂纹扩展机制颗粒流分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
基于室内岩石类脆性材料圆盘试样巴西试验结果,利用颗粒流程序（PFC）,获得一组能够反映其力学特征的细观参数。在此基础上,对孔槽式圆盘试样进行巴西试验模拟,分析了裂隙倾角和半径比变化对孔槽式圆盘试样力学参数和裂纹扩展规律的影响。孔槽式圆盘试样力学参数显著低于完整圆盘试样,降幅与孔槽几何参数密切相关。劈裂荷载随裂隙倾角的增大呈非线性变化,而随着半径比的增大呈近似线性减小规律。通过分析认为,在试验模拟范围内保持半径比不变,当裂隙倾角较小时,孔洞是主裂纹起裂的主要诱因;裂隙倾角较大时,裂隙成为主裂纹起裂的主要诱因。保持裂隙倾角不变,当半径比较小时,裂隙是主裂纹起裂的主要诱因;半径比较大时,孔洞成为主裂纹起裂的主要诱因。最后,从细观层面探讨了孔槽式圆盘试样裂纹扩展机制。 相似文献
11.
裂纹扩展方向的确定对分析岩桥破坏机制和岩体抗剪强度参数具有重要意义。首先以断裂力学观点推导了复杂应力条件下裂纹尖端应力分布函数的表达式,以节理岩体尖端的扩展裂纹可分为张拉裂纹和剪切裂纹为前提,基于Griffith破坏判据,提出了张拉裂纹扩展方向(张裂角)的计算公式;基于Mohr-Coulomb判据,提出了剪裂纹扩展方向(剪裂角)的计算公式。通过新判据与试验和其他判据的结果对比表明,该判据能准确判断张拉裂纹扩展方向,而剪裂角的扩展方向有待进一步试验验证。分析表明:在单向拉应力作用下,张裂纹扩展方向均有偏向于最大主应力方向的趋势,张裂纹与最大主应力夹角小于15°;双向拉应力作用下,随着微裂纹倾角变大,张裂纹有远离最大主应力方向的趋势;单轴压缩作用下,张裂角随裂纹倾角的增加而减小,而两者的和为先减小后增加。 相似文献
12.
Cheng Zhao Yimeng Zhou Qingzhao Zhang Chunfeng Zhao Hiroshi Matsuda 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2020,44(3):353-370
To deeply understand the cracking mechanical behavior of brittle rock materials, numerical simulations of a rock specimen containing a single preexisting crack were carried out by the expanded distinct element method (EDEM). Based on the analysis of crack tips and a comparison between stress- and strain-based methods, the strain strength criterion was adopted in the numerical models to simulate the crack initiation and propagation processes under uniaxial and biaxial compression. The simulation results indicated that the crack inclination angle and confining pressure had a great influence on the tensile and shear properties, peak strength, and failure behaviors, which also showed a good agreement with the experimental results. If the specimen was under uniaxial compression, it was found that the initiation stress and peak strength first decreased and then increased with an increasing inclination angle α. Regardless of the size of α, tensile cracks initiated prior to shear cracks. If α was small (such as α ≤ 30°), the tensile cracks dominated the specimen failure, the wing cracks propagated towards the direction of uniaxial compression, and the propagation of shear cracks was inhibited by the high concentration of tensile stress. In contrast, if α was large (such as α ≥ 45°), mixed cracks dominated the specimen failure, and the external loading favored the further propagation of shear cracks. Analyzing the numerical results of the specimen with a 45° inclination angle under biaxial compression, it was revealed that lateral confinement had a significant influence on the initiation sequence and the mechanical properties of new cracks. 相似文献
13.
Nibir Mandal 《Journal of Earth System Science》1995,104(3):453-464
The solution of stress distribution for a multicrack system and model experiments confirm that en echelon cracks mutually
interact with each other during their growth. Such a mechanical interaction deviates the crack-tip stress axes orientations
from that of the bulk stress field and leads to a continuous change in propagation direction of tension cracks, initially
at a right angle to the bulk tension direction. The sigmoidal shape of en echelon fractures evolve through rotation and crack
length increments with changing orientations. The theoretical analysis shows that the instantaneous fracture-tip stress orientation
is a function of initial crack spacing, orientation of crack array with respect to the principal axes of far-field stress. 相似文献
14.
15.
An Experimental Study of Crack Coalescence Behaviour in Rock-Like Materials Containing Multiple Flaws Under Uniaxial Compression 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
Experiments on man-made flawed rock-like materials are applied extensively to study the mechanical behaviour of rock masses as well as crack initiation modes and crack coalescence types. A large number of experiments on specimens containing two or three pre-existing flaws were previously conducted. In the present work, experiments on rock-like materials (formed from a mixture of sand, plaster, limestone and water at mass ratio of 126:9:9:16) containing multiple flaws subjected to uniaxial compression were conducted to further research the effects of the layout of pre-existing flaws on mechanical properties, crack initiation modes and crack coalescence types. Compared with previous experiments in which only three types of cracks were found, the present experiments on specimens containing multiple flaws under uniaxial compression revealed five types of cracks, including wing cracks, quasi-coplanar secondary cracks, oblique secondary cracks, out-of-plane tensile cracks and out-of-plane shear cracks. Ten types of crack coalescence occurred through linkage among wing cracks, quasi-coplanar secondary cracks, oblique secondary cracks, out-of-plane shear cracks and out-of-plane tensile cracks. Moreover, the effects of the non-overlapping length and flaw angle on the complete stress–strain curves, the stress of crack initiation, the peak strength, the peak strain and the elastic modulus were also investigated in detail. 相似文献
16.
Three-dimensional surface crack initiation and propagation in two kinds of heterogeneous rocks were numerically investigated via parallel finite element analysis using a supercomputer. Numerically simulated rock specimens containing a pre-existing flaw were subjected to uniaxial compression until failure. The initiation and propagation of wing cracks, anti-wing cracks, and shell-like cracks were reproduced by numerical simulations. The numerically simulated results demonstrate that the further propagation of wing cracks and shell-like cracks stop due to their wrapping (curving) behavior in three-dimensional spaces, even if the applied loads continue to increase. Furthermore, rock heterogeneity could significantly influence crack propagation patterns and the peak uniaxial compressive strengths of rock specimens. Moreover, anti-wing cracks only appeared in relatively heterogeneous rocks, and the peak uniaxial compressive strengths of the specimens were observed to depend on the inclination of the pre-existing flaw. Finally, the mechanism of surface crack propagation is discussed in the context of numerically simulated anti-plane loading tests, wherein it was identified that Mode III loading (anti-plane loading) does not lead to Mode III fracture in rocks due to their high ratio of uniaxial compressive strength to tensile strength. This finding could explain the lateral growth of an existing flaw in its own plane, which is a phenomenon that has not been observed in laboratory experiments. 相似文献
17.
Rock strengths are directly influenced by the open or closed flaws widely distributed in rock masses. Extensive studies have been conducted on the propagations of open flaws in rocks. However, few concerns are paid on the propagation of closed flaws, the influence of the surface friction on the initiation and propagation of closed flaws should be investigated systematically. In present article, the crack initiation and propagation in rock like material subjected to compressive loads have been investigated. The effects of crack surface friction on crack initiation and propagation have been quantified with the help from extended finite element method which is efficient and accurate. Based on the analysis on stress distribution and propagation patterns, following results are obtained: Firstly, minor effects are exerted by crack surface friction on the stress distribution around the flaws when the flaws inclination angle is 30° and 45°. However, as the inclination angle increases to 60°, the effects are much more significant. Secondly, as the inclination angle ranges from 30° to 60°, the most favorable angle for crack propagation is 45°. Thirdly, the initiation location and angle of the wing cracks will not be influenced by the frictions. However, the propagation length will be greatly influenced by the friction and the inclination angle. 相似文献
18.
In a cracked material, the stress intensity factors (SIFs) at the crack tips, which govern the crack propagation and are associated with the strength of the material, are strongly affected by the crack inclination angle and the orientation with respect to the principal direction of anisotropy. In this paper, a formulation of the boundary element method (BEM), based on the relative displacements of the crack tip, is used to determine the mixed‐mode SIFs of isotropic and anisotropic rocks. Numerical examples of the application of the formulation for different crack inclination angles, crack lengths, and degree of material anisotropy are presented. Furthermore, the BEM formulation combined with the maximum circumferential stress criterion is adopted to predict the crack initiation angles and simulate the crack propagation paths. The propagation path in cracked straight through Brazilian disc specimen is numerically predicted and the results of numerical and experimental data compared with the actual laboratory observations. Good agreement is found between the two approaches. The proposed BEM formulation is therefore suitable to simulate the process of crack propagation. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
19.
为了研究不同倾角下多节理岩体力学行为,采用10 MN微机控制电液伺服大型多功能动静力三轴仪,开展包含较多预制非贯通节理类岩石试件的单轴压缩试验,研究了多节理岩体裂纹的特征、贯通模式、破坏模式、应力-应变特征等与节理倾角之间的关系。试验结果表明,（1）多节理岩体的裂纹类型主要有翼裂纹和次生共面裂纹,翼裂纹的扩展路径与单个节理情况下的扩展路径差异较大,翼裂纹起裂后沿起裂方向存在较长的扩展长度,直接与相邻节理或翼裂纹形成贯通,并且裂纹的贯通表现出四种不同的模式;（2）多节理岩体的破坏模式归纳为3种类型：平面破坏、块体转动式破坏和台阶式破坏;（3）根据多节理岩体的应力-应变曲线在应变软化阶段所表现出的不同非线性变形行为特征,可以将曲线归纳为4种类型;（4）多节理岩体的强度和变形各向异性特征非常显著,强度和弹性模量均在节理倾角30°时最小,90°时最大。 相似文献