共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 609 毫秒
1.
2009年武汉市植被净初级生产力估算 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用CASA模型,结合实测的光合有效辐射（PAR）数据、MODIS归一化植被指数（NDVI）和Land Cover数据、气象数据等资料,估算了2009年武汉市的植被净初级生产力（NPP）。结果显示,武汉市的植被平均单位面积年NPP产量达到464.19gC·m^-2·a^-1。6、7、8三个月NPP积累值最高,占全年的56.8%;12、1、2三个月NPP值最低,仅占5.6%。黄陂区由于林地较广,NPP值较大,在1 000gC·m^-2·a^-1以上;而城市周边由于植被覆盖面积较小,NPP值较低,在400gC·m^-2·a^-1以下。 相似文献
2.
利用3S技术综合研究新疆塔里木河流域中下游11年生态环境变化与成因 总被引：14，自引：0，他引：14
介绍了综合运用RS、GIS和GPS（3S）技术对新疆塔里木河流域中下游土地覆盖与土地利用、植被指数、人口经济等主要生态环境要素的遥感时序信息提取、GIS数据分析和GPS野外定点检测。总结出塔里木河流域中下游地区从1990-2000年的11年间农业用地面积增加了505.433km^2，整个自然/半自然植被的面积减少了943.089km^2，水体面积增加了80.477km^2，塔河中下游天然植被大面积衰败和死亡，尤其是胡杨林面积锐减，致使沙漠化面积不断扩大。初步提出了生态环境修复和治理建议。通过研究还建立了新疆塔里木河流域中下游3S生态环境动态监测系统。 相似文献
3.
基于2000—2020年的MOD13Q1 NDVI遥感数据,使用像元二分模型计算湖北省西部山体区域的植被覆盖度,并利用斜率模型、马尔可夫转移矩阵模型和赫斯特指数综合分析了植被覆盖度的时空变化规律。结果表明,研究区的植被覆盖度总体呈上升趋势,平均植被覆盖度增加了0.025,轻微增长区域面积为44 359.26 km2,显著性增长面积为3 069.375 km2,不显著性变化的面积为39 862 km2。2000—2020年期间,时序植被覆盖度的赫斯特指数为0.63,表明研究区内植被覆盖度的增长趋势在未来是可持续的。本研究成果不仅可为城市生态环境评价提供科学依据,而且可为城市的生态建设和可持续发展提供决策支持。 相似文献
4.
基于夜间灯光遥感影像等多源数据,提出了一种区域城市化及其生态效应遥感监测方法。该方法采用夜间灯光遥感数据提取成渝经济区城市范围,并分析城市空间演变过程,同时以植被净初级生产力(NPP)为生态系统功能评价指标,分析了快速城市化对区域生态系统功能的影响。研究结果表明:(1)成渝经济区城市面积由1994年的2 074km2增长到2015年的4 391 km2,年均增长率为3.64%,且城市用地规模增长速度略快于城市人口增长速度;(2)城市内的NPP均值远低于非城市区域,且近年来二者间的差异逐渐增大,成渝经济区快速城市化在一定程度上减少了植被NPP,特别是对城市内部的植被NPP影响较大;(3)快速城市化中土地利用结构的改变是导致成渝经济区城市内植被NPP大量减少的重要因素。 相似文献
5.
木里煤田地处青藏高原典型生态环境脆弱地带的大通河源头,本文以Landsat影像为数据源,基于归一化植被指数像元二分模型估算木里煤田矿区1990-2016年植被覆盖度,监测其动态变化及时空发展规律。研究发现,1990-2016年矿区裸土及低植被覆盖面积增加156.60 km^2,中植被覆盖面积增加153.37 km^2,高植被覆盖面积减少309.99 km^2。动态监测结果表明,1990-2016年木里煤田植被覆盖呈现严重退化趋势,退化最明显区域出现在矿区周边;时空格局变化分析结果表明,矿区植被覆盖等级逐渐向低植被覆盖等级转变,植被覆盖区域面积逐渐缩小。通过监测木里煤田矿区植被覆盖动态变化并分析其时空变化特征,为研究区生态环境修复,土地复垦等工作提供相关数据参考及技术支撑。 相似文献
6.
城市绿地作为城市结构中的自然生产力主体,在城市系统中起着重要作用。结合某市国家人居城市省报项目,基于遥感技术,利用QUICKBIRD卫星影像,运用归一化植被指数（NDVI）法提取绿地信息,建立解译标志,采用人机交互方式来提高解译精度。该方法目前在植被监测、土地覆盖变化和荒漠化研究中有广泛的应用。 相似文献
7.
基于GIS和RS的区域陆地植被NPP估算——以中国内蒙古为例 总被引：54，自引：0，他引：54
在GIS的支持下,利用地面气象数据和MODIS数据,考虑到最大光利用率在不同植被类型中的差异,构建了一个区域陆地植被NPP估算模型,并以2002年的内蒙古植被为例,研究了植被净初级生产力及其时空分布。结果表明:(1)该模型在数据获取了上比较容易,仅利用地面气象数据和遥感数据就可以对陆地植被NPP进行估算,使其实际的可操作性得到加强。(2)通过与NPP的实测资料及其他模型的对比研究表明:该模型对区域陆地值被NPP的模拟效果较好,与Chikugo模型相比,它更能反应森林NPP的实际情况。(3)2002年内蒙古植被净初级生产力为390.8MtC/a,总体分布趋势是由东北向西南递减,其季节变化也非常明显,在6月中旬至9月中旬的3个月时间里,NPP占了全年的72.7%,而1—2月份植物基本停止生长,净初级生产力极低,每月仅为3.59MtC。 相似文献
8.
植被物候是指植被长期适应生活环境的周期性变化，形成与此相适应的生产发育节律。研究植被物候有助于更好地理解气候变化。目前利用植被遥感指数进行物候监测依然存在许多问题，而日光诱导叶绿素荧光（SIF）与总初级生产力（GPP）具有强耦合关系，在植被物候研究中具有很大潜力。本文利用双逻辑斯蒂函数模型，基于3种SIF数据（GOME-2,GOSIF和CSIF）计算了北半球地区2007年—2018年的物候特征，并与两种GPP数据和5种植被指数（VIs）数据进行对比验证。接下来利用GOME-2 SIF数据分析了北半球地区的物候分布特征，并利用Sen斜率因子检测北半球地区的物候变化趋势，最后计算了3个主要的气候因子对植被物候变化的影响。结果表明：（1）基于SIF数据计算的SOS与EOS比基于VIs数据的计算结果要更加接近于基于GPP数据的计算结果。（2）基于GOME-2 SIF数据计算的北半球地区植被2007年—2018年平均生长季始期（SOS）主要（>90%）集中在100—170 d，平均生长季末期（EOS）则主要集中在220—270 d。高海拔地区和高纬度地区相对于其他地区，SOS较晚，而EOS... 相似文献
9.
使用2000—2015年的多期遥感影像,通过归一化植被指数（normalized differential vegetation index,NDVI）等定量指标,从城市群、个体城市和城市内部多个尺度,定量分析了京津冀城市群的植被覆盖在总量和人均不同层次的时空动态变化。结果表明：(1)植被覆盖水平的空间差异显著,在城市群尺度总体呈现“北高南低”的态势,在城市尺度主要呈现“郊区强于中心区”的态势。(2)京津冀城市群15年间的植被覆盖变化总体态势向好,植被覆盖变化与区域发展水平主要呈现负相关关系。(3)京津冀城市群主要城市的植被覆盖时空变化趋势相似,但城市之间差异明显。同时,提出促进京津冀生态环境协同保护的建议：构建区域一体化的生态补偿机制;保障和提升城市群城镇发展轴、城市中心区的生态环境质量;因地制宜制定差异化的保护方针。 相似文献
10.
《国土资源遥感》2017,(1)
基于2001―2013年获取的MOD13Q1 NDVI数据,采用低通平滑Savitzky-Golay(S-G)滤波方法、插值法及切比雪夫多项式(Chebyshev Polynomial)拟合对NDVI时序数据进行重构;通过提取植被生长季开始日期、生长季长度、生长季结束日期、生长季NDVI最大值及NDVI最大值出现日期等关键物候特征参数,对研究区典型复垦植被类型进行分类。结果表明:研究区不同植被的物候特征具有显著差异,从生长季开始日期及NDVI最大值出现日期来看,农作物较有规律;而林地的生长季NDVI累积总值则明显区别于农作物及草地;农作物、草地和林地基于植被物候特征参数分类取得了较好结果,总体分类精度达到89.67%,优于采用多时相非监督分类的结果;该研究为山西省煤炭矿区生态环境恢复评价提供了一定的数据基础。 相似文献
11.
George Xian Collin Homer Brett Bunde Patrick Danielson Jon Dewitz Joyce Fry 《国际地球制图》2013,28(6):479-497
We estimated urbanization rates (2001–2006) in the Gulf of Mexico region using the National Land Cover Database (NLCD) 2001 and 2006 impervious surface products. An improved method was used to update the NLCD impervious surface product in 2006 and associated land cover transition between 2001 and 2006. Our estimation reveals that impervious surface increased 416 km2 with a growth rate of 5.8% between 2001 and 2006. Approximately 1110.1 km2 of non-urban lands were converted into urban land, resulting in a 3.2% increase in the region. Hay/pasture, woody wetland, and evergreen forest represented the three most common land cover classes that transitioned to urban. Among these land cover transitions, more than 50% of the urbanization occurred within 50 km of the coast. Our analysis shows that the close-to-coast land cover transition trend, especially within 10 km off the coast, potentially imposes substantial long-term impacts on regional landscape and ecological conditions. 相似文献
12.
Yongming Xu Zhihao Qin Hongxiu Wan 《Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing》2010,38(4):654-663
One of the significant environmental consequences of urbanization is the urban heat island (UHI). In this paper, Landsat TM images of 1986 and 2004 were utilized to study the spatial and temporal variations of heat island and their relationships with land cover changes in Suzhou, a Chinese city which experienced rapid urbanization in past decades. Land cover classifications were derived to quantify urban expansions and brightness temperatures were computed from the TM thermal data to express the urban thermal environment. The spatial distributions of surface temperature indicated that heat islands had been largely broadened and showed good agreements with urban expansion. Temperature statistics of main land cover types showed that built-up and bare land had higher surface temperatures than natural land covers, implying the warming effect caused by the urbanization with natural landscape being replaced by urban areas. In addition, the spatial detail distributions of surface temperature were compared with the distribution of land cover by means of GIS buffer analysis. Results show remarkable show good correspondence between heat island variations with urban area expansions. 相似文献
13.
《International Journal of Digital Earth》2013,6(4):312-333
Based on remote sensing and Geographic Information System techniques, multi-temporal Landsat data were used to monitor land use/cover changes (LUCC) in the Nanchang area during 1989–2010. Quantitative and spatiotemporal indicators derived from the transition matrix for overall changes, intensity analysis for inter-category transitions, and spatiotemporal analysis of intra-category variations were constructed to analyze the spatiotemporal LUCC evolution. The study results show that urban and industrial land rapidly and continually expanded. The spatial extent of rural settlements shrunk while their distribution density increased. Cultivated land showed a tendency of spatially continuous loss and fragmented distribution, whereas the spatial pattern of forest tended to concentrate. The extents of ponds and reservoirs remained stable, but spatial changes were obvious. Rivers and bottomlands decreased significantly and tended toward fragmentation. The overall LUCC pattern showed that construction land rapidly sprawled while cultivated land decreased substantially, indicating an accelerating stage of urbanization and industrialization. Although rigid land requirements for urbanization had to be satisfied, land development and consolidation across forests and water body areas, as well as adjustment of agricultural structure, laid the foundation for a transition toward intensive land use in the Nanchang area. 相似文献
14.
This study investigates urbanization and its potential environmental consequences in Shanghai and Stockholm metropolitan areas over two decades. Changes in land use/land cover are estimated from support vector machine classifications of Landsat mosaics with grey-level co-occurrence matrix features. Landscape metrics are used to investigate changes in landscape composition and configuration and to draw preliminary conclusions about environmental impacts. Speed and magnitude of urbanization is calculated by urbanization indices and the resulting impacts on the environment are quantified by ecosystem services. Growth of urban areas and urban green spaces occurred at the expense of cropland in both regions. Alongside a decrease in natural land cover, urban areas increased by approximately 120% in Shanghai, nearly ten times as much as in Stockholm, where the most significant land cover change was a 12% urban expansion that mostly replaced agricultural areas. From the landscape metrics results, it appears that fragmentation in both study regions occurred mainly due to the growth of high density built-up areas in previously more natural/agricultural environments, while the expansion of low density built-up areas was for the most part in conjunction with pre-existing patches. Urban growth resulted in ecosystem service value losses of approximately 445 million US dollars in Shanghai, mostly due to the decrease in natural coastal wetlands while in Stockholm the value of ecosystem services changed very little. Total urban growth in Shanghai was 1768 km2 and 100 km2 in Stockholm. The developed methodology is considered a straight-forward low-cost globally applicable approach to quantitatively and qualitatively evaluate urban growth patterns that could help to address spatial, economic and ecological questions in urban and regional planning. 相似文献
15.
城市不透水表面遥感估算研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
作为城市化水平的关键指示因子,不透水表面已经被广泛应用在城市生态环境评估中。利用TM影像,采用附有限制条件的线性光谱混合模型对北京城区的不透水表面分布进行空间分析。通过高反照率、低反照率、植被及土壤4类光谱端元的线性组合表征城市土地覆盖类型,综合剔除噪声影响后的高、低反照率分量,估算北京城区不透水表面分布。研究结果表明：利用附有限制条件的线性光谱分解得到的RMS平均值为0．003428。其不透水表面分布结果与同期spot-5对比验证,R2为0．932,均方根误差为0．086,结果令人满意。 相似文献
16.
Urbanization is increasingly becoming a widespread phenomenon at all scales of development around the globe. Be it developing or developed nations, all are witnessing urbanization at very high pace. In order to study its impacts, various methodologies and techniques are being implemented to measure growth of urban extents over spatial and temporal domains. But urbanization being a very dynamic phenomenon has been facing ambiguities regarding methods to study its dynamism. This paper aims at quantifying urban expansion in Delhi, the capital city of India. The process has been studied using urban land cover pattern derived from Landsat TM/ETM satellite data for two decades (1998–2011). These maps show that built-up increased by 417 ha in first time period (1998–2003) and 6,633 ha during next period (2003–2011) of study. For quantification of metrics for urban expansion, the Urban Landscape Analysis Tool (ULAT) was employed. Land cover mapping was done with accuracy of 92.67 %, 93.3 % and 96 % respectively for years 1998, 2003 and 2011. Three major land covers classes mapped are; (i) built-up, (ii) water and (iii) other or non-built-up. The maps were then utilized to extract degree of urbanization based on spatial density of built-up area consisting of seven classes, (i) Urban built-up, (ii) Suburban built-up,(iii) Rural built-up, (iv) Urbanized open land, (v) Captured open land, (vi) Rural open land and (vii) Water. These classes were demarcated based on the urbanness of cells. Similarly urban footprint maps were generated. The two time maps were compared to qualitatively and quantitatively capture the dynamics of urban expansion in the city. Along with urbanized area and urban footprint maps, the new development areas during the study time periods were also identified. The new development areas consisted of three major categories of developments, (i) infill, (ii) extension and (iii) leapfrog. 相似文献
17.
Urban land cover mapping has lately attracted a vast amount of attention as it closely relates to a broad scope of scientific and management applications. Late methodological and technological advancements facilitate the development of datasets with improved accuracy. However, thematic resolution of urban land cover has received much less attention so far, a fact that hampers the produced datasets utility. This paper seeks to provide insights towards the improvement of thematic resolution of urban land cover classification. We integrate existing, readily available and with acceptable accuracies datasets from multiple sources, with remote sensing techniques. The study site is Greece and the urban land cover is classified nationwide into five classes, using the RandomForests algorithm. Results allowed us to quantify, for the first time with a good accuracy, the proportion that is occupied by each different urban land cover class. The total area covered by urban land cover is 2280 km2 (1.76% of total terrestrial area), the dominant class is discontinuous dense urban fabric (50.71% of urban land cover) and the least occurring class is discontinuous very low density urban fabric (2.06% of urban land cover). 相似文献
18.
基于遥感信息的北京硬化地表格局特征研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
地表硬化是城市发展的重要特征之一,识别地表硬化程度对认识城市景观格局、物流、能流等社会、经济、自然过程具有重要意义.研究利用TM遥感影像,发展城市地表硬化度的遥感分析方法,提出地表硬化度指数,应用主成分回归方法,有效地拟合了地表硬化度和多光谱因子的关系(RTM=0.851,p<0.001).经统计检验:基于TM拟合的地表硬化度和真实的地表硬化度的相关性达到0.91(R=0.91).在此基础上,应用地表硬化度指数和基于目标分割的遥感分类方法,研究了北京市建城区(5环内)地表硬化度和建设密度的空间格局.结果表明:北京市城区中等(地表硬化度在50%-70%)和高密度建设用地(地表硬化度大于70%)总体比例大于70%,占绝对优势,其景观斑块的大小、形状等格局特征主导了北京城区景观格局的总体特征.但2-5环不同环带内硬化地表的格局特征明显不同.3-4环带是近20年城市发展的核心区,地表硬化格局综合体现了城市不同发展阶段的土地利用特征;2环带是老城区,以老北京胡同和文化古迹为主,高密度建设用地比例最高;5环带是城乡过渡区,以村镇、开发区为主体的高密度和中等密度建设覆盖比例为68.8%,斑块异质性较其他环带低,以林地、耕地等为主的硬化度较低的土地覆盖比例是31.2%,斑块异质性更低. 相似文献
19.
地理模拟优化系统(GeoSOS)及其在地理国情分析中的应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
第一次全国地理国情普查工作已基本完成,需要对所获取的地理国情监测数据进行空间统计分析,以得到地理国情的时空分布模式、演变规律及发展趋势,形成地理国情信息和知识。地理国情监测生成的基础数据源,可用于土地资源集约利用、城乡及城市群协调发展、生态环境保护等问题的空间智能决策分析,但目前有效的模拟分析工具还比较缺乏。笔者提出的地理模拟优化系统(GeoSOS)理论框架,耦合了地理过程模拟预测和空间优化,为上述研究提供了有利的理论支持和实用工具。为进一步方便与GIS进行无缝的链接,本文提出了基于ArcGIS插件的GeoSOS以方便进行高效的地理模拟分析。并以快速城市化地区的城市扩张与生态保护研究为例,通过在地理国情信息分析中的应用,得到了一些重要的发现。模拟结果显示,按照现在的发展趋势,广东省优化开发区域在2020年其土地开发强度将超出规定的约束指标,并发现各区域均存在大量城乡建设用地占用生态保护压力等级高和较高地块的现象,而基于土地开发强度和生态保护双重约束的城镇化扩张能够在满足约束指标的同时获得更紧凑的景观格局。表明GeoSOS及其ArcGIS插件可以成为地理国情信息分析的有利工具,并给出了今后需解决的问题和发展方向。 相似文献
20.
用经过相互校正、饱和校正和影像间的连续性校正后的DMSP/OLS数据提取城市建成区,对蒙古乌达城市群和呼包鄂城市群的城市扩张进行测度,并对其空间演变特征进行比较分析。结果表明:(1)利用校正后的夜间灯光影像提取的各市建成区面积均有较大幅度的增长,呼包鄂城市群建成区的提取阈值明显大于乌达城市群;(2)乌达城市群区域之间发展极不均衡,呼包鄂城市群区域扩张则较为均衡;(3)两个城市群的土地城市化过程均处于快速发展状态,呼包鄂城市群周边很多小城镇得到逐步发展,乌达城市群区域发展极化效应显著。 相似文献