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1.
Reduction of the Concentration of Bacteria and Coliphages along the Flowing Stretch of a Treated Sewage Channel The efficiency of surface waters to eliminate E. coli, fecal streptococci, Salmonella spp., and coliphages was evaluated in a small river which receives treated wastewater and which is rich in submerged macrophytes. The study took place between April and December, 1994. Total colony count, BOD5, O2 concentration and water temperature were determined in the river as well. As the river does not receive additional water downwards along its 17.2 km course, dilution effects could be ruled out as the cause for the elimination of the microorganisms. The reduction is assumed to happen rather due to sedimentation, grazing, and adsorption to the submerged waterplants. Immediately after discharge of the wastewater, the river water contained about 105 cfu/100 mL E. coli and 104 cfu/100 mL fecal streptococci, about 1000 pfu/100 mL coliphages, and, as a rule, was positive for salmonella in 10 mL. The reduction of E. coli, fecal streptococci, salmonella, clostridia, and coliphages at the end of the course was 1 to 2 orders of magnitude. This reduction took place mainly within the first 4.7 km, a part in which, due to low flowing velocities, suspended solids settle down efficiently. Besides, at the end of this part the submerged waterplants are especially abundant. The reduction of suspended solids correlated positively with that of BOD5, bacteria, and coliphages. The reduction of microorganisms was not sufficient to fulfill the requirements of the European Community guidelines for bathing waters and for surface waters used as drinking water source. The regenerating capacity of surface waters is not sufficient to eliminate pathogens from convenionally treated wastewater. Therefore, tertiary treatment is necessary to keep receiving waters reasonably free from pathogens. 相似文献
2.
The germs of macrophytes were exposed in a ring channel at 0.073 m/s, 0.085 m water level and natural daylight for 52 h in tap water whose phosphorus concentration had been increased with KH2PO4 to 0.325 mg/1 P. After 4, 28 and 52 h the phosphorus concentrations in water and in dry matter were determined and the relative phosphorus elimination and incorporation, as referred to the concentrations in water and in dry matter prior to the test, were calculated in 0/0. Within 52 h the following increases of the internal phosphorus pool resulted (in %): Ranunculus aquatilis April 141, Potamogeton crispus May 178, P. natans June 139, Callitriche polymorpha June 128, Ranunculus aquatilis August 118, Elodea canadensis September 124. The phosphorus uptake behaves thus parallel to the gas-metabolism-physiological activity and the subsequently made differentiation into species which are active in spring, summer and autumn. Therefore, weed removals from waters should be done at the date of the species-specific activity maximum, since the then obtained biomass with 3… 9 kg/t P in the dry matter guarantees a maximum phosphorus elimination from the water. 相似文献
3.
Testing Effluents of the Textile Refining Industry with Biological Methods The environmental problems caused by the manufacture of finished textiles involve a long chain of individual processes. This “textile chain” includes very diverse enterprises of varied size and structure. The textile refiners occupy a key position in the “textile chain”. On the one hand, this is due to their use of an obscurely large number of chemicals which can end up in the wastewater as well as in the textile products. On the other hand, this key role of the textile refining industry is based on their central position between the preproduction stage and the consumers. This study dealt with the textile refining industry's wastewater. As measured by volume and contents of its wastewater, this industry can be counted among the major industrial plants which discharge into municipal wastewater treatment plants. German wastewater legislation includes the provision that substances which are toxic, persistent, capable of accumulating, carcinogenic, fetotoxic or mutagenic be kept out of natural waters as well as technically possible (Wasserhaushaltsgesetz WHG). Several biotest methods for examining the effect of the substances contained in the wastewater were incorporated into the appendix of the German wastewater regulation (Rahmenabwasser-Verwaltungsvorschrift based on § 7a WHG). The aim of this study was to show, with the aid of biotest methods, how strongly the wastewater of textile refining companies is polluted as compared to other known industrial branches and to what degree the pollution of these wastewaters is eliminated by the treatment in wastewater treatment plants. Finally, we experimented to find out which biotest methods were suited for the examination of these wastewaters. The study's results show that the ecotoxicity of the textile refining industry's wastewater was only extraordinary high in isolated cases as compared to other examined branches of industry. The textile wastewaters exhibit values of GL = 3 to GL = 96 in the luminescent bacteria test, GD = 1 to GD = 192 (with one exception of GD > 30000) in the daphnia test and GF < = 2 to GF = 32 in the fish test. It turned out though, that a large number of the samples from the textile refining companies (27%) reacted mutagenically in the Ames test in their native state. Consecutive tests for chromosomal aberrations (V79 hamster cell test) also showed mutagenic potential in five out of nine native samples. The employed testing methods with fish, daphnia and luminescent bacteria demonstrate a higher sensitivity of the luminescent bacteria and/or the daphnia as opposed to the fish in most cases. As the fish test is controversial anyway on the grounds of animal protection, a replacement of the fish test by these other tests should be aimed at: on account of the different end points of the luminescent bacteria and the daphnia test, a combination of these tests appears most sensible. 相似文献
4.
The chemical composition and D/H,
and
ratios have been determined for the acid hot waters and volcanic gases discharging from Zaō volcano in Japan. The thermal springs in Zaō volcano issue acid sulfate-chloride type waters (Zaō) and acid sulfate type waters (Kamoshika). Gases emitted at Kamoshika fumaroles are rich in CO2, SO2 and N2, exclusive of H2O. Chloride concentrations and oxygen isotope data indicate that the Zaō thermal waters issue a fluid mixture from an acid thermal reservoir and meteoric waters from shallow aquifers. The waters in the Zaō volcanic system have slight isotopic shifts from the respective local meteoric values. The isotopic evidence indicates that most of the water in the system is meteoric in origin. Sulfates in Zaō acid sulfate-chloride waters with δ34S values of around +15‰, are enriched in 34S compared to Zaō H2S, while the acid sulfate waters at Kamoshika contain supergene light sulfate (δ34S = + 4‰) derived from volcanic sulfur dioxide from the volcanic exhalations. The sulfur species in Zaō acid waters are lighter in δ34S than those of other volcanic areas, reflecting the difference in total pressure. 相似文献
5.
食物和理化因子对浮游甲壳动物群落结构的影响 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
食物质量和数量对浮游动物群落结构的影响在野外研究中较少涉及.本文通过对湖北省境内14个水体的春季采样,分析了食物质量和数量以及理化因子对浮游甲壳动物群落结构的影响.结果显示,浮游甲壳动物的密度和生物量以及Daphnia的相对生物量百分比与光照漫射衰减系数(Kd)呈显著负相关,与营养盐和叶绿素a(Chl.a)浓度无显著相关性;群落的平均体长随Chl.a浓度的增加而减小.典范对应分析显示,7个因子共解释了优势浮游甲壳动物群落结构变异的37.4%,贡献率排在前4位的是Kd、Chl.a浓度、悬浮物C/N比和C/P比,分别解释了总变异的11.5%、8.9%、5.6%和4.9%.近邻剑水蚤(Cyclops vicinus vicinus)喜好生活在Chl.a浓度高、水下光照弱的水体中,而汤匙华哲水蚤(Sinocalanus dorrii)喜好生活在水下光照较好、Chl.a浓度和悬浮物C/N比较低的水体中.透明蟤(Daphnia hyalina)喜好生活在Chl.a浓度较低、光照良好、悬浮物C/P比较高的水体中,但简弧象皮蟤(Bosmina coregoni)喜好生活在Chl.a浓度高、光照较好、悬浮物C/P比较低的水体中.整体来看,食物因子解释了群落结构总变异的19.4%,理化因子解释了18.0%,还剩下62.6%的变异未被解释,表明还有其他更为重要的环境因子未被纳入到分析之中. 相似文献
6.
Waters were sampled from 17 boreholes at Haut Glacier d'Arolla during the 1993 and 1994 ablation seasons. Three types of concentrated subglacial water were identified, based on the relative proportions of Ca2+, HCO3? and SO42? to Si. Type A waters are the most solute rich and have the lowest relative proportion of Si. They are believed to form in hydrologically inefficient areas of a distributed drainage system. Most solute is obtained from coupled sulphide oxidation and carbonate dissolution (SO–CD). It is possible that there is a subglacial source of O2, perhaps from gas bubbles released during regelation, because the high SO42? levels found (up to 1200 µeq/L) are greater than could be achieved if sulphides are oxidized by oxygen in saturated water at 0 °C (c.414 µeq/L). A more likely alternative is that sulphide is oxidized by Fe3+ in anoxic environments. If this is the case, exchange reactions involving FeIII and FeII from silicates are possible. These have the potential to generate relatively high concentrations of HCO3? with respect to SO42?. Formation of secondary weathering products, such as clays, may explain the low Si concentrations of Type A waters. Type B waters were the most frequently sampled subglacial water. They are believed to be representative of waters flowing in more efficient parts of a distributed drainage system. Residence time and reaction kinetics help determine the solute composition of these waters. The initial water–rock reactions are carbonate and silicate hydrolysis, and there is exchange of divalent cations from solution for monovalent cations held on surface exchange sites. Hydrolysis is followed by SO–CD. The SO42? concentrations usually are <414 µeq/L, although some range up to 580 µeq/L, which suggests that elements of the distributed drainage system may become anoxic. Type C waters were the most dilute, yet they were very turbid. Their chemical composition is characterized by low SO42? : HCO3? ratios and high pH. Type C waters were usually artefacts of the borehole chemical weathering environment. True Type C waters are believed to flow through sulphide‐poor basal debris, particularly in the channel marginal zone. The composition of bulk runoff was most similar to diluted Type B waters at high discharge, and was similar to a mixture of Type B and C waters at lower discharge. These observations suggest that some supraglacial meltwaters input to the bed are stored temporarily in the channel marginal zone during rising discharge and are released during declining flow. Little of the subglacial chemical weathering we infer is associated with the sequestration of atmospheric CO2. The progression of reactions is from carbonate and silicate hydrolysis, through sulphide oxidation by first oxygen and then FeIII, which drives further carbonate and silicate weathering. A crude estimate of the ratio of carbonate to silicate weathering following hydrolysis is 4 : 1. We speculate that microbial oxidation of organic carbon also may occur. Both sulphide oxidation and microbial oxidation of organic carbon are likely to drive the bed towards suboxic conditions. Hence, we believe that subglacial chemical weathering does not sequester significant quantities of atmospheric CO2 and that one of the key controls on the rate and magnitude of solute acquisition is microbial activity, which catalyses the reduction of FeIII and the oxidation of FeS2. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
7.
Dimethyl Sulfoxide Reduction Method for the Characterization of Biomass Activity in Sludge of an Aerated Lagoon The microbial biomass activity was studied in sludge from a wastewater lagoon (Hatzbachtal) which consisted of 4 aerated ponds and one polishing pond. The lagoon was characterized by low BOD5 loading and high dilution because of water from the surroundings. Sludge samples were taken from 4 sampling sites of each aerated pond and from one site of the polishing pond. The biomass activity in the sludge samples was analysed with the help of dimethyl sulfoxide reductase (DRA) and dehydrogenase (DHA) activity. In addition, Corg-content was also determined. The effect of different reaction parameters on the DRA was studied in relation to incubation period, temperature and atmosphere as well as sludge weight and pH value. The results presented here show that a linear increase in the DRA occured for the sludge weight ranging from 0.1 to 0.5 g, incubation period from 0.5 to 11 h and incubation temperature from 20 to 50 °C. The pH spectrum from acidic to neutral did not effect the DMS formation in sludge. Although the values for DRA were always higher in anaerobic incubation of sludge than in aerobic incubation, the courses of the DRA in both conditions were parallel. Comparing the biomass activity in sludge from different sampling sites of the aerated ponds, the average Corg-content was found to be reflected by the DRA and DHA. Further, the variation in the DRA could represent also the influence of oxygen concentration. Therefore, a reduction in biomass activities indicated a decline in the availability of oxygen. 相似文献
8.
Three techniques for obtaining soil water solutions (gravitational and matrical waters extracted using both in situ tension lysimeters and in vitro pressure chambers) and their later chemical analysis were performed in order to know the evolution of the soil‐solution composition when water moves down through the soil, from the Ah soil horizon to the BwC‐ or C‐horizons of forest soils located in western Spain. Additionally, ion concentrations and water volumes of input waters to soil (canopy washout) and exported waters (drainage solutions from C‐horizons) were determined to establish the net balance of solutes in order to determine the rates of leaching or retention of ions. A generalized process of sorption or retention of most components (even Cl?) was observed, from the soil surface to the C‐horizon, in both gravitational and matrical waters, with H4SiO4, Mn2+, Na+, and SO42? being the net exported components from the soil through the groundwater. These results enhance the role of the recycling effect in these forest soils. The net percentages of elements retained in these forest soils, considering the inputs and the outputs balance, were 68% K+, 85% Ca2+, 58% Mg2+, 7% Al3+, 5% Fe3+, 34% Zn2+, 57% Cl?, and 20% NO3?, and about 75% of dissolved organic carbon was mineralized. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
9.
现有水色卫星主要是针对大洋清洁水体设计,内陆浑浊水体多数波段经常饱和;而发展可以业务化运行的内陆水体叶绿素a算法,为生产实践服务,一直是水色遥感的重点和难点之一.利用2013年巢湖星地同步数据(N=55),通过经验正交函数(empirical orthogonal function,EOF)分析方法,选用MODIS唯一不饱和的4个波段(469、555、645、859 nm)数据进行分解,然后回归建模;并使用第三方独立的巢湖实测数据(N=40)进行验证(R2=0.63,URMSE=85.46%).结果表明:该算法用于MODIS影像上,空间分布合理,季节差异明显,且在高悬浮物水体、不同气溶胶条件下均有很好的抗扰动性.实践证明EOF算法可以应用于业务化运行的内陆水体叶绿素a浓度估算,并对其他水色参数反演具有一定的借鉴意义. 相似文献
10.
We used regression analyses of water samples from 18 lakes, nine rivers, and one spring in Ethiopia to (a) test the hypothesis that water bodies of relatively higher salinity (K25>1000 μS cm−1) have a different conductivity to salinity relationship than waters of lower salinity (K25 < 1000 μS cm−1), and (b) develop models to predict total cations and salinity from conductivity that can be used for Ethiopian waters and other African aquatic systems of similar chemical composition. We found no statistical difference in the bilogarithmic relationships (total cations vs. conductivity; salinity vs. conductivity) for waters of higher salinity (K25 > 1000 μS cm−1) and waters of lower salinity (K25 < 1000 μS cm−1). However, comparison among our models and models from the literature suggests that developing separate equations for low and high salinity water bodies has some merit. We believe that the equations developed in this study can be used for Ethiopian waters and other African waters within the range of conductivity in this study. 相似文献
11.
Poecilia reticulata PETERS (guppy) and the green alga Monoraphidium griffithii were used for testing of different fluorotensides. After the representation of the methods of investigation and the definition of criteria of toxicity the obtained results of investigation are discussed. In general, the toxicity of the four investigated fluorotensides to algae was lower than to fish. The anionic fluorotenside CF3—(CF2)n—CFH—COONa was an exception. In tables and diagrams the results are summarized. Finally, for the condition of the receiving-water biocenosis class “2” the respective still permissible matter concentrations are proposed. They vary between 0.05 and 0.2 mg/1. 相似文献
12.
Thermal waters of the Ömer–Gecek geothermal field, Turkey, with temperatures ranging from 32 to 92°C vary in chemical composition and TDS contents. They are generally enriched in Na–Cl–HCO3 and suggest deep water circulation. Silica and cation geothermometers applied to the Ömer–Gecek thermal waters yield reservoir temperatures of 75–155°C. The enthalpy–chloride mixing model, which approximates a reservoir temperature of 125°C for the Ömer–Gecek field, accounts for the diversity in the chemical composition and temperature of the waters by a combination of processes including boiling and conductive cooling of deep thermal water and mixing of the deep thermal water with cold water. It is also determined that the solubility of silica in most of the waters is controlled by the chalcedony phase. Equilibrium states of the Ömer–Gecek thermal waters studied by means of the Na–K–Mg triangular diagram, Na–K–Mg–Ca diagram, K–Mg–Ca geoindicator diagram, activity diagrams in the systems composed of Na2O–CaO–K2O–Al2O3–SiO2–CO2–H2O phases, log SI diagrams, and finally the alteration mineralogy indicate that most of the spring and low-temperature well waters in the area can be classified as shallow or mixed waters which are likely to be equilibrated with calcite, chalcedony and kaolinite at predicted temperature ranges similar to those calculated from the chemical geothermometers. It was also observed that mineral equilibrium in the Ömer–Gecek waters is largely controlled by CO2 concentrations. 相似文献
13.
P. Loth 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》1989,17(2):153-158
A mass development of Uroglena americana with cellular densities of up to 13.5 · 106 and 86.106 cells/l, was observed in two drinking-water reservoirs. In the first case the development remained confined to the upper 20 m, in the second case there occurred a gradual shift of the maximum to deeper zones from May to July with decreasing cellular densities down to a depth of 35 m. Laboratory experiments for the control of the algae development were performed in order to protect the drinking-water resources from potential impairments of odour and taste. Samples of the storage-reservoir water with 20.106 cells/l of Uroglena were concentrated up to 1.25 … 12.5 mg/l Ca(OH)2 (pH-values of 7.2 … 9.6) by addition of calcium hydroxide and observed for 39 h. First impairment of the cells of Uroglena is detectable at 5 mg/l Ca(OH)2 after 15 h, an immediate effect can be observed at 7.5 mg/l Ca(OH)2 together with increased sedimentation, also Gymnodinium and Cryptomonas having been damaged. Thereupon a successful control of Uroglena by liming up to pH-values above 8.0 is possible. The application of lime to outdoor areas was not necessary, in the final analysis, since the drinking-water quality could be secured by the optimum choice of the intake depth of raw water with a maximum of 4.103 to 77.103 cells/l. 相似文献
14.
Geochemical and 13C/12C-isotopical Investigation of Mineral Waters in Northern Hessia (Germany) and the Origin of their CO2 Content The dissolved carbonate originates from three sources: 1. biogenetic soil-CO2, 2. volcanic CO2 related to the evaporites of the Zechstein formation, and 3. carbonate derived from the dissolution of limestones and dolomites. Miocenic basaltic melts penetrated the evaporites of the Zechstein, and the related CO2 was trapped in the intra- and intergranulars of the salt minerals. Circulating meteoric waters dissolve the salt minerals releasing CO2 gas. Thus, the occurrence of basalt is related to the CO2 contents of the evaporites, and the dissolution of only small amounts of salts rich in CO2 may result in a high concentration of carbonic acid. In waters rich in carbonate, where volcanic CO2 dominates over the other two sources of carbon, a δ13C-value of “salt-CO2” of about –1‰ (PDB) is obtained. Water with less dissolved carbonate species have smaller quantities of salt-CO2 down to about 20%. 相似文献
15.
Water samples were collected from cold and warm karst springs for stable isotopes (δ18O and δD) and 3H from SE of Kashmir valley (western Himalayas) to distinguish the sources of recharge and infer their recharge areas. The spring water samples were most depleted in heavier isotopes in May (average δ18O: ?8.87‰ and δD: ?50.3‰) and enriched in September (average δ18O: ?7.58‰ and δD: ?48.1‰). The depleted 18O and 2H of spring waters bear the signatures of winter precipitation while as the enriched 18O and 2H of spring waters bear the signature of summer rainfall. D‐excess and 3H corroborate with the stable isotope results that the spring flow in spring season (May) and autumn (September) is dominantly controlled by the melting of winter snowmelt and summer rainfall, respectively. The results showed that unlike δD, the δ18O value in the karst spring waters decreases in January suggesting δ18O shift. The spring water samples also fall above the Local Meteoric Water Line and Global Meteoric Water Line indicating the δ18O shift due to interaction of groundwater with the host carbonate rocks during its traverse. The mean elevation of the recharge areas of the springs using δ18O and δD tracers was also estimated. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
16.
Stable isotope data on humid tropical hydrology are scarce and, at present, no such data exist for Borneo. Delta18O, δ2H and δ13C were analysed on 22 water samples from different parts of the Sungai (river) Niah basin (rain, cave drip, rainforest pool, tributary stream, river, estuary, sea) in north‐central Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo. This was done to improve understanding of the modern stable isotope systematics of the Sungai Niah basin, essential for the palaeoenvironmental interpretation of the Late Quaternary stable isotope proxies preserved in the Great Cave of Niah. The Niah hydrology data are put into a regional context using the meteoric water line for Southeast Asia, as derived from International Atomic Energy Agency/World Meteorological Organization isotopes in precipitation network data. Although the Niah hydrological data‐set is relatively small, spatial isotopic variability was found for the different subenvironments of the Sungai Niah basin. A progressive enrichment occurs towards the South China Sea (δ18O ?4·6‰; δ2H ?29·3‰; δ13C ?4·8‰) from the tributary stream (δ18O ?8·4‰; δ2H ?54·7‰; δ13C ?14·5‰) to up‐river (δ18O c. ?8‰; δ2H c. ?51‰; δ13C c. ?12‰) and down‐river values (δ18O c. ?7·5‰; δ2H c. ?45‰; δ13C c. ?11‰). This is thought to reflect differential evaporation and mixing of different components of the water cycle and a combination of depleted biogenic δ13C (plant respiration and decay) with enriched δ13C values (due to photosynthesis, atmospheric exchange, mixing with limestone and marine waters) downstream. Cave drip waters are relatively enriched in δ13C as compared to the surface waters. This may indicate rapid degassing of the cave drips as they enter the cave atmosphere. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
17.
Biologically purified wastewater in ten doses of 50 and 400 mm per year was given into sand-filled lysimeters of 1 m2 area and 1 m depth which were vegetated with Lolium perenne (forage rye) and green maize all the year round. The experimental results gained in the course of five summer half-years and four winter half-years were evaluated with respect to the purification efficiency of the soil-plant system. The results demonstrate a high efficiency of the system with mean annual elimination performances of 86 and 40% for BOD5, and COD-Cr, resp., as well as 49, 86 and 52% for N, P and K, resp., at mean concentrations in mg/l for BOD5?1.3, COD-Cr?34.1, N?18.1, P?0.4 and K?9 in the percolating water from a soil depth of 1 m. The lysimeters which had been supplied with wastewater were not treated with mineral fertilizer. Intermingling with 1 kg/m2 straw brings about an increase of the loads of K and P as well as COD-Cr in the percolating water and a reduction of the N-loads, besides an increase in yield. All in all, for four years the performance has been stable without any temporal trend. 相似文献
18.
The solubility of iron sulphides in synthetic and natural waters at ambient temperature 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
W. Davison 《Aquatic Sciences - Research Across Boundaries》1991,53(4):309-329
A critical evaluation of literature values for the solubility products, K
sp
NBS
= [Fe2+][HS–] Fe2+
HS– (H
NBS
+
)–1, of various iron sulphide phases results in consensus values for the pKs of 2.95 ± 0.1 for amorphous ferrous sulphide, 3.6 ± 0.2 for mackinawite, 4.4 ± 0.1 for greigite, 5.1 ± 0.1 for pyrrhotite, 5.25 ± 0.2 for troilite and 16.4 ± 1.2 for pyrite.Where the analogous ion activity products have been measured in anoxic freshwaters in which there is evidence for the presence of solid phase FeS, the values lie within the range of 2.6–3.22, indicating that amorphous iron sulphide is the controlling phase. The single value for a groundwater of 2.65 (2.98 considering carbonate complexation) agrees. In seawater four values range between 3.85 to 4.2, indicating that mackinawite or greigite may be the controlling phase. The single low value of 2.94 is in a situation where particularly high fluxes of Fe (II) and S (–II) may result in the preferential precipitation of amorphous iron sulphide. Formation of framboidal pyrite in these sulphidic environments may occur in micro-niches and does not appear to influence bulk concentrations. Calculations show that the formation of Fe2S2 species probably accounts for very little of the iron or sulphide in most natural waters. Previously reported stability constants for the formation of Fe (HS)2 and (Fe (HS)3)– are shown to be suspect, and these species are also thought to be negligible in natural waters. In completely anoxic pore waters polysulphides also have a negligible effect on speciation, but in tidal sediments they may reach appreciable concentrations and lead to the direct formation of pyrite. Concentrations of iron and sulphide in pore waters can be controlled by the more soluble iron sulphide phase. The change in the IAP with depth within the sediment may reflect ageing of the solid phase or a greater flux of Fe (II) and S (–II) nearer the sediment surface. This possible kinetic influence on the value of IAPs has implications for their use in geochemical studies involving phase formation. 相似文献
19.
The P-uptake by Acinetobacter calcoaceticus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli is determined in batch culture with peptone/glucose/sodium chloride or peptone/acetate/sodium chloride as substrate at 60 to 120 mg/1 orthophosphate for 20 h with cell densities of 2 · 107/ml (Acinetobacter) or 1.2 · 109. The measurements were carried out by means of an Na2HPO4 (32P) addition of 95 to 420 kBq. During the stationary phase the bacteria achieved the following P-contents in the biomass in fg/g bacterium: Acinetobacter 6 to 13, Pseudomonas 0.2 to 0.6, Escherichia 0.04 to 0.09; during the phase of growth Acinetobacter achieved 40 to 100 fg/bacterium. Acetate as the substrate did not result in any increase of the P-uptake. The maximum accumulation with Acinetobacter was 13 % P in the dry substance. 相似文献
20.
I. Carmienke 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》1991,19(4):347-355
Salmonella, mainly S. manhattan and S. agona, were detected in about 40 = of the 133 flowing waters which were investigated in the District of Leipzig from June 1988 to June 1989 Possible causes of the occurrence of salmonella were discussed. Within the framework of statistical evaluations, correlation investigations were carried out on findings of chemical and biological examinations and relations found so far were confirmed. The applicability of the standard TGL 6466/01 “quality demands on irrigation water” is critically checked on the basis of the results of investigation; as derived from the result, the necessity of a revision of this TGL is proved. 相似文献