共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
Christopher Kotsakis 《Journal of Geodesy》2008,82(4-5):261-260
Transforming height information that refers to an ellipsoidal Earth reference model, such as the geometric heights determined
from GPS measurements or the geoid undulations obtained by a gravimetric geoid solution, from one geodetic reference frame
(GRF) to another is an important task whose proper implementation is crucial for many geodetic, surveying and mapping applications.
This paper presents the required methodology to deal with the above problem when we are given the Helmert transformation parameters
that link the underlying Cartesian coordinate systems to which an Earth reference ellipsoid is attached. The main emphasis
is on the effect of GRF spatial scale differences in coordinate transformations involving reference ellipsoids, for the particular
case of heights. Since every three-dimensional Cartesian coordinate system ‘gauges’ an attached ellipsoid according to its
own accessible scale, there will exist a supplementary contribution from the scale variation between the involved GRFs on
the relative size of their attached reference ellipsoids. Neglecting such a scale-induced indirect effect corrupts the values
for the curvilinear geodetic coordinates obtained from a similarity transformation model, and meter-level apparent offsets
can be introduced in the transformed heights. The paper explains the above issues in detail and presents the necessary mathematical
framework for their treatment.
An erratum to this article can be found at 相似文献
2.
目前,GPS全球定位系统已广泛应用于大地测量、工程测量、航空摄影测量、地形测量及变形观测等各个方面.小范围内的工程测量常采用假设坐标系,本文将以两个勘测项目为例,叙述GPS测量系统在假设坐标系中的应用. 相似文献
3.
4.
5.
建立地方独立坐标系的主要元素是中央子午线、投影面和参考椭球。建立独立坐标系有三种方法：中央子午线移到城市或工程建设地区中央,归化高程面提高到该地区的平均高程面;采用抵偿高程面;只移动中央子午线。以工程实例得出国家坐标系与地方独立坐标系之间转换的可靠、简便方法。 相似文献
6.
涉及如何建立平面坐标系统的论著较多，但多数都在较小的区域实施，相对情况比较简单，利用抵偿高程面或平移中央子午线，或者二者结合使用即可建立符合精度要求的平面坐标系统。但在较大（将近上万平方公里）的区域如何建立平面坐标系统的研究论著较少，本文对该问题进行了分析和探讨，归纳的方法和过程可对类似问题起到启发和参考的作用。 相似文献
7.
融入国家“超级工程”测量案例的“测量学”课程教学建设,聚焦国家“超级工程”背后的测绘科技力量,把国家“超级工程”中测量技术应用作为工程实例融入到课程教学中,引导学生认识到“超级工程”的实施离不开测量技术的精益求精支撑,领悟到测量技术在工程建设中的“尖兵”指导作用,激发学生学习“测量学”课程的热情、动力和兴趣,理论联系实际,提升课程的教学水平和质量。同时,这对于培养学生的民族自豪感和爱国情怀,培养自主创新和工匠精神,培养“敬业、精益、专注、创新”品质的卓越工程师具有重要的推动作用。 相似文献
8.
在省域基础测绘成果向2000国家大地坐标系转换中,针对区域地情的选择十分关键,本文介绍了甘肃基础测绘向2000国家大地坐标系转换的基本思路、方法和实现技术。 相似文献
9.
《International Journal of Digital Earth》2013,6(9):750-769
Geospatial data are gathered through a variety of different methods. The integration and handling of such datasets within a Digital Earth framework are very important in many aspects of science and engineering. One means of addressing these tasks is to use a Discrete Global Grid System and map points of the Earth's surface to cells. An indexing mechanism is needed to access the data and handle data queries within these cells. In this paper, we present a general hierarchical indexing mechanism for hexagonal cells resulting from the refinement of triangular spherical polyhedra representing the Earth. In this work, we establish a 2D hexagonal coordinate system and diamond-based hierarchies for hexagonal cells that enables efficient determination of hierarchical relationships for various hexagonal refinements and demonstrate its usefulness in Digital Earth frameworks. 相似文献
10.
由于测绘项目需要在野外工作,且具有工作流动性、单一性,资料保密性、特殊性等特点,使得测绘单位与其他工业、工厂、食品生产单位相比,管理更具复杂性。尤其是一些大型工程,如西部无人区测图、全国1∶50 000地形图数据库更新、青海东部黄河谷地百万亩土地开发整理、陕西秦岭1∶10 000无图区等测绘项目,施工过程中若有一点疏忽甚至微小的纰漏就会造成重大工程质量问题。近几年来,国内工程项目质量不合格现象频频发生,形势比较严峻。笔者结合测绘项目的特点提出运用"一法三化"进行测绘质量项目管理的管理理念。 相似文献
11.
12.
13.
The virtual globe is the default visualization for Digital Earth applications, but it can only show one half of the Earth. This article introduces user-adjustable, on-the-fly projection of georeferenced raster images for web mapping and web GIS applications. This technique allows users to center a map on arbitrary locations, while still seeing the entire Earth surface. Modern web mapping libraries can apply map projection transformations to vector data in the browser, but they do not currently support the projection of raster images at interactive frame rates. We use the cross-platform WebGL (Web Graphics Library) graphics pipeline for hardware-accelerated projection of raster data in web browsers. Two algorithmic techniques – inverse per-fragment projection, and combined forward per-triangle and inverse per-fragment projection – for georeferenced raster imagery are documented. The resulting raster maps combine the ease of use and flexibility of interactive virtual globes with the ability to show the entire Earth. The adjustable projection of raster imagery allows users to observe global phenomena that are difficult to visualize on virtual globes or traditional maps with static projections. 相似文献
14.
叙述了工程测量对平面坐标系统的选择要求及投影长度变形的计算方法,重点讨论了在线路较长、高程变化较大的带状区域工程施工中平面坐标系统的选择方法,并用实例进行了分析. 相似文献
15.
16.
超大视场太阳敏感器图像质心提取算法 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
太阳图像质心提取是利用太阳敏感器进行天文导航的关键技术之一,直接决定了太阳敏感器的观测精度。针对超大视场太阳敏感器非圆形太阳图像质心提取问题,首先提出像面椭圆拟合算法,较好地解决了椭圆及近似椭圆形太阳图像的质心提取问题,然后进一步提出了球面圆拟合算法。该算法根据相机的投影和畸变模型,将太阳图像的边缘点映射到物方空间,对物方空间的边缘点进行球面圆拟合,从而确定太阳质心位置。在估计球面圆拟合算法的精度时,需要将太阳质心位置映射回像面。理论上,球面圆拟合算法不再需要顾及太阳图像的形状,算法更为严谨。将椭圆拟合算法和球面圆拟合算法应用到实测的太阳图像质心提取中。结果表明,椭圆拟合算法更适合处理半视场角70°~80.3°的太阳图像,平均精度约为0.075pixels;球面圆拟合算法更适合处理半视场角大于80.3°的太阳图像,平均精度约为0.082pixels。 相似文献
17.
The adaptive composite map projection technique changes the projection to minimize distortion for the geographic area shown on a map. This article improves the transition between the Lambert azimuthal projection and the transverse equal-area cylindrical projection that are used by adaptive composite projections for portrait-format maps. Originally, a transverse Albers conic projection was suggested for transforming between these two projections, resulting in graticules that are not symmetric relative to the central meridian. We propose the alternative transverse Wagner transformation between the two projections and provide equations and parameters for the transition. The suggested technique results in a graticule that is symmetric relative to the central meridian, and a map transformation that is visually continuous with changing map scale. 相似文献
18.
19.
The International GNSS Service in a changing landscape of Global Navigation Satellite Systems 总被引：25，自引：38，他引：25
The International GNSS Service (IGS) is an international activity involving more than 200 participating organisations in over 80 countries with a track record of one and a half decades of successful operations. The IGS is a service of the International Association of Geodesy (IAG). It primarily supports scientific research based on highly precise and accurate Earth observations using the technologies of Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS), primarily the US Global Positioning System (GPS). The mission of the IGS is “to provide the highest-quality GNSS data and products in support of the terrestrial reference frame, Earth rotation, Earth observation and research, positioning, navigation and timing and other applications that benefit society”. The IGS will continue to support the IAG’s initiative to coordinate cross-technique global geodesy for the next decade, via the development of the Global Geodetic Observing System (GGOS), which focuses on the needs of global geodesy at the mm-level. IGS activities are fundamental to scientific disciplines related to climate, weather, sea level change, and space weather. The IGS also supports many other applications, including precise navigation, machine automation, and surveying and mapping. This article discusses the IGS Strategic Plan and future directions of the globally-coordinated ~400 station IGS network, tracking data and information products, and outlines the scope of a few of its numerous working groups and pilot projects as the world anticipates a truly multi-system GNSS in the coming decade. 相似文献
20.
《制图学和地理信息科学》2013,40(3):183-194
High-resolution regional and global raster databases are currently being generated for a variety of environmental and scientific modeling applications. The projection of these data from geographic coordinates to a plane coordinate system is subject to significant areal error. Sources of error include users selecting an inappropriate projection or incorrect parameters for a given projection, algorithmic errors in commercial geographic information system (GIS) software, and errors resulting from the projection of data in the raster format. To assess the latter type of errors, the accuracy of raster projection was analyzed by two methods. First, a set of 12 one-degree by one-degree quadrilaterals placed at various latitudes was projected at several raster resolutions and compared to the projection of a vector representation of the same quadrilaterals. Second, several different raster resolutions of land cover data for Asia were projected and the total areas of 21 land cover categories were tabulated and compared. While equal-area projections are designed to specifically preserve area, the comparison of the results of the one-degree by one-degree quadrilaterals with the common equal area projections (e.g., the Mollweide) indicates a considerable variance in the one-degree area after projection. Similarly, the empirical comparison of land cover areas for Asia among various projections shows that total areas of land cover vary with projection type, raster resolution, and latitude. No single projection is best for all resolutions and all latitudes. While any of the equal-area projections tested are reasonably accurate for most applications with resolutions of eight-kilometer pixels or smaller, significant variances in accuracies appear at larger pixel sizes. 相似文献