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1.
使用1998年夏季高分辨率的GAME再分析资料，通过计算热量和水汽收支，分析了江淮梅雨的热力和动力特征。梅雨期间，江淮整个地区为强热源及水汽汇控制，并伴有强上升运动。热量和水汽收支计算表明，非绝热加热主要是降水产生的凝结潜热释放，地面感热和蒸发耗热均较小。江淮梅雨降水是对流云和层状云共同产生的混合性降水。子波分析显示，热源、水汽汇和垂直运动有相似的时间变化和多尺度特征。江淮梅雨期间，周期约为6天的天气尺度扰动以及周期约为2天和12小时的中尺度扰动同时发展，使江淮地区产生暴雨，亚引起了热源、水汽汇和上升运动的最大值，对此中尺度扰动起了主要作用。 相似文献
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基于NCEP再分析资料与WRF-ARW高分辨数值模拟资料,利用视热源和视水汽汇方程,诊断分析了2020年8月10～12日四川盆地一次暴雨过程的大气热力和降水特征。结果表明：暴雨发生初期,对流中低层聚集了大量水汽,为暴雨来临准备了丰富的水汽;暴雨强盛时期,视热源和视水汽汇在对流中高层显著增加,使得对流层中高层出现深厚的加热和加湿层,表明此次降水积云对流活跃,以对流性降水为主;暴雨发生发展过程,视热源和视水汽汇中垂直项起主要作用,充分说明了强烈的上升运动可以带来丰沛的水汽,有利于暴雨的发生发展。 相似文献
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第一次全球大气研究计划试验期间华南前汛期暴雨过程及其环流特征的 … 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对１９７９年第一次全球大气研究计划试验（ＦＧＧＥ）期间华南前汛期３次暴雨过程及其环流特征进行了诊断研究。发现：（１）３次暴雨过程均与锋面活动有关,每次锋面过程都与锋生区对应,暴雨多见于锋前暖区内。锋面的特征既不同于冬季的冷锋,又不同于夏季长江流域的梅雨锋。（２）对视热源和视水汽汇作了计算,发现３次暴雨过程中,华南地区的视热源和视水汽汇项有明显作用,积云对流所造成的对流凝结加热作用很重要。（３）华南 相似文献
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文章分析了1991年江淮梅雨期间的东亚夏季风活动及其在梅雨期对流性暴雨形成中的作用。结果指出，第一场暴雨发生在夏季风暴发之前，它主要受副热带西风气流影响；后两场暴雨期间由于副高和东南季风稳定少动，西南季风的暴发和活动起了十分重要的作用，其进退演变导致了江淮梅雨的维持和中断。西南季风的一个重要作用是将热带地区（阿拉伯海及孟加拉湾）对流性很强的大气输送到江淮一带，由此使江淮流域在梅雨中后期形成了远强于一般年份的对流性降水，特别是第三场暴雨。文中通过定义低纬偏西风强度，讨论了强风带上强风速核的地域分布和传播特征。 相似文献
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1991年江淮暴雨时期的能量和水汽循环研究 总被引：16，自引：3，他引：16
通过对 1991年 5～ 7月江淮暴雨期全球范围的水汽输送和不同降水过程中江淮暴雨区及其临近区域的水汽收支和视热源和视水汽汇的计算分析得到了以下结论 :( 1)从水汽输送的机制来看 ,一方面 ,有大量的水汽以定常涡动的方式从孟加拉湾及南海输送到中国江淮地区 ;另一方面 ,江淮地区的瞬变涡动水汽向北输出 ,这可能与江淮地区频繁活动的α和β中尺度系统有关 ,它们将江淮地区汇集的充沛的水汽除了大部分以降水形式降下外 ,剩余部分继续向水汽较少的高纬地区输出 ,以维持全球水汽的平衡。( 2 )在降水过程中 ,局地蒸发项在水汽的供应中或再循环中十分重要 ,其数值一般为降水量的 13 ～ 12 ,这与1998年的降水情况相似。( 3 )在降水过程中 ,暴雨区的水汽主要是从南边界和西边界流入的 ,东边界和北边界则流出 ,并且水汽的流入、流出主要在中低层进行。 (a)在流入边界上 ,水汽通量的垂直分布存在差异 ,暴雨区西边界和南边界的水汽流入的垂直差异可能与其所在的地理位置有密切关系。 (b)对于暴雨区 ,不同强度的降水过程水汽的主要来源有所不同。( 4)在 5次降水过程中 ,视热源和视水汽汇的较大值对应降水的大值区 ,表明了水汽凝结加热对大气加热所起的主要作用。梅雨期降水 ,以对流性降水为主 ,对流活动随季节变化 相似文献
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利用ERA5再分析资料、CMORPH融合降水资料和山地通量观测资料对2020年6月26日发生在四川冕宁一次夜间致灾暴雨进行综合诊断分析。结果表明：本次夜间暴雨发生前，白天地面热源存在明显的正异常变化，地面热源的正异常区与降水有很好的对应关系。同时大气热源（视热源和视水汽汇）与暴雨的关系密切且相互影响，降水释放凝结潜热，加热大气，使得视热源也随之增加。在暴雨发展强盛阶段，视水汽汇的垂直输送项达到最大，而视水汽汇的局地变化项能很好指示整个暴雨过程中区域水汽的净输送状况。 相似文献
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江淮流域2003年强梅雨期的水汽输送特征分析 总被引：39，自引：22，他引：17
在分析2003年6月21日到7月11日江淮流域强梅雨期间降水概况和大气环流基本特征的基础上,通过对水汽输送流函数及非辐散分量、势函数及辐散分量及江淮地区水汽收支的分析,表明江淮流域是该时期全球范围内水汽汇的一个高值中心,且水汽通量大值区和水汽辐合区与降水大值区基本一致.从水汽的输送来看,夏季印度风环流和南海夏季风是向江淮流域输送水汽的主要通道.梅雨期内,中层大气中的水汽主要是垂直上升运动对低层水汽的抬升作用,同时,低纬大洋上的水汽也可途经青藏高原后再从西边界向东输入到江淮地区,它的输送有可能增大江淮流域上空对流层中层大气中的水汽含量,从而有利于强梅雨在江淮流域的发生.计算分析还表明2003年强降水从前期的长江流域移到后期的淮河流域,是与大范围的水汽输送和辐合中心北移相联系的,较小空间范围的强暴雨洪涝的发生在有利的大尺度环境下,还与其他条件有关. 相似文献
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利用有限区域细网格模式与Ｔ４２Ｌ９谱模式进行三维嵌套，对１９９１年７月１０－１１日０８时江淮梅雨暴雨过程作了数值模拟，探讨了低纬环流系统和由其形成的水汽输送通道对江淮梅雨的影响。结果表明：孟加拉湾水汽源地及其西南季风水汽输送通道的贡献大于南海水汽源地及其东南季风水汽输送通道；两个水汽源同时存在，对江淮梅雨暴雨引起非线性叠加增强；台风环流和季风低压环流强度的变化对江淮梅雨暴雨有重要作用。 相似文献
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梅雨锋降水运动诊断分析与（大）暴雨形成——江淮梅雨锋暴雨的天气学成因个例分析 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：6
对T213 L31再分析模式大气,在等熵坐标系上对天气学大尺度凝结函数降水、水汽通量散度降水做了诊断计算;同时,对整层对流不稳定性降水和气块（团）湿不稳定降水做了理想设计与诊断计算.对2003年7月江淮梅雨锋暴雨的计算与分析表明：两种天气尺度波动的大尺度稳定性降水运动的降水量级较小,都不足以直接形成暴雨;而对流不稳定降水运动可以形成暴雨,却不足以形成大暴雨;只有气块不稳定降水运动,才是梅雨锋上大暴雨的自组织、正反馈的唯一降水机制.研究表明,该江淮梅雨锋暴雨虽然存在着明显的梅雨锋天气尺度降水系统,但充沛的水汽通量和异常高温高湿气团的维持,使得在梅雨锋上发生着的非等熵湿绝热运动及其对流不稳定降水和气块不稳定降水,是（大）暴雨发生的天气学成因. 相似文献
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NATURE OF PRECIPITATION AND ACTIVITY OF CUMULUS CONVECTION DURING THE 1991 MEIYU SEASON OF CHANGJIANG-HUAIHE RIVER BASIN 
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下载免费PDF全文 Seasonal variability regarding the nature of precipitation and the activity of cumulus convectionduring the 1991 Meiyu season of Changjiang-Huaihe River Basin(Jianghuai)has been investigatedby calculating apparent heat source/apparent moisture sink and analyzing TBB(cloud-topblackbody radiation temperature)data.It is found that three periods of strong ascending motionduring the Meiyu season lead to three episodes of heavy rain,and the latent heat due to theprecipitation is of the sole heat source of the atmosphere.The nature of precipitation showsdistinct seasonal variability,from frontal precipitation of the first episode to the extremely strongconvective precipitation of the third episode.TBB field of East Asia may well reflect not only theintensity of convection and rainfall,but also the movement of rain belt and convection belt.In thewhole Meiyu season.convection belt mainly stays in Jianghuai.but may shift within the domain ofEast Asia.Its locating in Jianghuai or not determines the maintenance or break of Meiyu.In thethird episode,the narrow convection belt over Jianghuai is mainly caused by southwest monsoonwhich takes moist and convective atmosphere from tropical ocean. 相似文献
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Seasonal variability regarding the nature of precipitation and the activity of cumulus convection during the 1991 Meiyu season of Changjiang-Huaihe River Basin(Jianghuai)has been investigated by calculating apparent heat source/apparent moisture sink and analyzing TBB(cloud-top blackody radiation temperature)data.It is found that three periods of strong ascending motion during the Meiyu season lead to three episodes of heavy rain,and the latent heat due to the precipitation is of the sole heat source of the atmosphere.The nature of precipitation shows distinct seasonal variability,from frontal precipitation of the first episode to the extremely strong convective precipitation of the third episode.TBB field of East Asia may well reflect not only the intensity of convection and rainfall,but also the movement of rain belt and convection belt.In the whole Meiyu season.convection belt mainly stays in Jianghuai.but may shift within the domain of East Asia.Its locating in Jianghuai or not determines the maintenance or break of Meiyu.In the third episode,the narrow convection belt over Jianghuai is mainly caused by southwest monsoon which takes moist and convective atmosphere from tropical ocean. 相似文献
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LOW FREQUENCY OSCILLATION IN EAST ASIA DURING THE 1991 EXCESSIVELY HEAVY RAIN OVER THE CHANGJIANG-HUAIHE RIVER BASIN 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 The activity of low frequency oscillation (LFO) widely exists in East Asia during the period of1991 excessively heavy rain over the Changjiang-Huaihe River Basin (Jianghuai).Both the rainfallamount of Jianghuai and the atmosphere from subtropical area to mid-high latitudes have thedominant period of 10—20 d,while the atmospheres in tropical area and high latitudes have thedominant period of 30—60 d.Compared with normal Meiyu season,the anomaly of the 1991 Meiyu process may be reflectedin the following two low frequency synoptic events:(a) The Meiyu process onsets extremely early(in the second dekad of May,which is nearly one month earlier than in normal Meiyu) and isimmediately followed by the first episode of heavy rain.(b) In the first dekad of July,there occursthe heaviest episode of rainfall of the whole Meiyu season,and it is even the heaviest rainfall forthe recent 30 years in China.For these two periods,corresponding to the adjustment of large-scalesituation from“double blocking high”to“bipolar blocking high”,the propagation direction of LFOin East Asia has a distinct seasonal variation,from eastward/northward propagation (passingthrough Jianghuai) during the first episode to westward/southward propagation during the thirdepisode.Oscillations of different frequency bands are superposed in phase.The LFO activity of thecold and warm/moist airs over Jianghuai can be strengthened through those LFO propagationprocesses in East Asia,although they may have different directions in three episodes.Particularly,the eastward (westward) propagation in low latitudes makes the southwest (southeast) airflowtransport intensively the low frequency warm/moist air to the south of Jianghuai from the IndianOcean (tropical West Pacific Ocean) in the first (third) episode.Such warm/moist airs meet andinteract with the cold air which vigorously invades Jianghuai persistently,and finally three episodesof heavy rain occur in mode of LFO. 相似文献
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本文利用一套具有中尺度分辨率的观测资料,对发生在1983年6月下旬的一次长江流域梅雨暴雨过程进行了诊断研究,并比较了该过程的对流降水活跃期和非活跃期的中尺度环境场特征。结果表明,两个时期的动量场存在明显差异,而水热场差异不大,Q1和Q2以及涡度收支也存在明显差异。在降水活跃期（暴雨集中期）,积云对流对能量和涡度的垂直输送有着重要作用;在水热收支中,起主要作用的是垂直输送项,潜热加热基本上为抬升冷却所平衡,水汽的垂直输送是积云对流的主要水汽源;在涡度收支中,低层散度项和扭转项制造正涡度,并通过积云对流向上输送,无论在低层或高层积累的正涡度都被平流非线性过程所耗损。 相似文献
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1998年夏季HUBEX/GAME期间热量和水汽收支(英) 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
By using the high-resolution GAME reanalysis data, the heat and moisture budgets during the period of HUBEX/GAME in the summer of 1998 are calculated for exploring the thermodynamic features of Meiyu over the Changjiang-Huaihe (CH) valley. During the CH Meiyu period, an intensive vertically-integrated heat source and moisture sink are predominant over the heavy rainfall area of the CH valley, accompanied by strong upward motion at 500 hPa. The heat and moisture budgets show that the main diabatic heating component is condensation latent heat released by rainfall. As residual terms, the evaporation and sensible heating are relatively small. Based on the vertical distribution of the heat source and moisture sink, the nature of the rainfall is mixed, in which the convective rainfall is dominant with a considerable percentage of continuous stratiform rainfall. There are similar time evolutions of the main physical parameters(〈Q1〉,〈Q2〉,and vertical motion ω at 500 hPa).The time variations of〈Q1〉and〈Q2〉are in phase with those of -ω500, and have their main peaks within the CH Meiyu period. This shows the influence of the heat source on the dynamic structure of the atmosphere. The wavelet analyses of those time series display similar multiple timescale characteristics. During the CH Meiyu period, both the synoptic scale(～6 days) and mesoscale (～2 days and ～12 hours) increase obviously and cause heavy rainfall as well as the appearances of the maxima of the main physical parameters. Among them, the mesoscale systems are the main factors. 相似文献
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SIMULATION OF HEAVY RAINFALL IN THE SUMMER OF 1998 OVER CHINA WITH REGIONAL CLIMATE MODEL 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
The heavy rainfall in the summer of 1998 over China has been simulated with the NCCRegional Climate Model(RegCM_NCC).It was successful for RegCM_NCC to reproduce thelocation and seasonal shift of the seasonal rain belt in the summer of 1998 over China.The rainyseason in the summer of 1998 over China can be divided into 7 episodes,including the pre-summerrainy season in South China.the Meiyu onset over the Yangtze-Huaihe River Basin,shortappearance of North China rain season and the retreat of seasonal rain belt,the second Meiyuseason over the Yangtze River Valley,the rainy period over the Yellow and Huaihe River Valleyand the seasonal retreat of rain belt over North China.The shortcoming of the RegCM_NCC isover-estimation of precipitation amounts.The regions with large latent heat flux,upper soilmoisture and total runoff are located in the rainy area and move with the simulated rain belt duringthe different episodes.On the contrary,the regions with small sensible heat flux are located in thesimulated rainy area and move with the simulated rain belt during the different episodes. 相似文献
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The heavy rainfall in the summer of 1998 over China has been simulated with the NCC Regional Climate Model(RegCM_NCC).It was successful for RegCM_NCC to reproduce the location and seasonal shift of the seasonal rain belt in the summer of 1998 over China.The rainy season in the summer of 1998 over China can be divided into 7 episodes,including the pre-summer rainy season in South China.the Meiyu onset over the Yangtze-Huaihe River Basin,short appearance of North China rain season and the retreat of seasonal rain belt,the second Meiyu season over the Yangtze River Valley,the rainy period over the Yellow and Huaihe River Valley and the seasonal retreat of rain belt over North China.The shortcoming of the RegCM_NCC is over-estimation of precipitation amounts.The regions with large latent heat flux,upper soil moisture and total runoff are located in the rainy area and move with the simulated rain belt during the different episodes.On the contrary,the regions with small sensible heat flux are located in the simulated rainy area and move with the simulated rain belt during the different episodes. 相似文献
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1983年长江中游梅雨期的热源和热汇分析 总被引：14，自引：0，他引：14
本文用曲面拟合和收支方程计算了5—7月长江中游地区梅雨前后不同时段热源和热汇的分布,得到如下一些结果:(1)梅雨期的热源主要由降水产生的凝结潜热造成。最大热源位于700—400hPa层中。降水的性质一般以连续性降水为主,但有时也发生明显的对流活动。在无雨期,在深厚的对流层大气中是冷却的,这主要由辐射冷却引起。因而梅雨时期的大气性质十分类似于热带大气。(2)梅雨期的降水以及热源热汇分布有明显的日变化。一般下午为明显的热源或更强的对流热输送。(3)在梅雨期及其前后感热和蒸发的作用不能忽略。在无雨或少雨期,蒸发是形成水汽源汇的主要因子。 相似文献
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The variation of the heat sources in East China in the early summer of 1984 and their effects on the large-scale circulation in East Asia 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The distributions and daily variations of the apparent heat source (Q1) and the apparent moisture sink (Q2) in East China in the early summer of 1984 have been estimated with the budget calculation method. It has been found that during this time period, there occurred three significant episodes of strong heating that corresponded to the three events of heavy rainfalls prior to, during and post to the onset of mei-yu (plum rains). The peaks of Q1 were generally found at 200 hPa, with the heating rate of 6°－10°C/day observed, while the peaks of Q2 were located at about 700 hPa, with their magnitudes being 12o-20°C/day. The vertical distribution of Q1 and Q2 indicates the importance of eddy vertical flux. In other words, the convective activity plays a very important role in the processes of precipitation in East Asia in the early summer. This result is different from the finding obtained by Luo and Yanai (1984) in their calculation of the case of 1979. They pointed out that in the early summer of 1979 the continuous precipitation dominated the region of East China.Among the three terms of Q1 and Q2, the maximum contribution was made from the adiabatic term, which was caused by strong ascending motion. The adiabatic cooling produced by this term may compensate for the heating created by the condensation process.In addition, it has been revealed that the three significant heating processes were closely related to the seasonal transition from spring to summer in East China. One major synoptic event associated with it showed up in the sudden jump of the upper tropospheric, subtropical jet-stream from 30°N to 40°N. So did the plane-tary frontal zone in East China. 相似文献