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1.
我国北方地下水危机与可持续农业的发展   总被引:6,自引:2,他引:4  
章光新  邓伟  何岩 《干旱区地理》2004,27(3):437-441
我国北方地区大约70%的地下水资源开采量用来灌溉农业。超采地下水资源,带来了一系列生态环境地质问题,如区域地下水位下降、地面沉降、海水入侵、土地盐渍化和荒漠化等。针对上述问题,提出四大战略性对策与措施:(1)发展节水型农业,持续高效利用水资源;(2)南水北调和区域管理是解决北方地下水危机的重要途径;(3)保护水资源和水环境,增加水资源可利用量;(4)开展变化环境下的水循环与水量平衡研究,综合开发利用水资源。来解决北方地区地下水资源危机,保证可持续农业的发展,促进我国社会经济稳定健康发展。  相似文献   

2.
香港水资源特征和供需水量平衡研究   总被引:2,自引:2,他引:2  
季冰 《地理研究》1997,16(2):11-21
论述香港水资源特点与水量供需平衡问题,内容包括:(1)香港自然地理和水资源特点;(2)香港目前的供水来源;(3)香港目前总需水量及各行业、各地区需水量情况;(4)东深工程对香港的供水情况;(5)对未来香港供需水量的预估;(6)香港未来供水存在问题和建议。  相似文献   

3.
利用欧洲数值预报中心(ECMWF)发布的新一代全球全分辨率ERA-Interim再分析数据,采用经验正交函数(EOF)、小波分析、回归分析等方法,分析1979-2012年夏季黄土高原空中云水资源分布特征。结果表明:(1)夏季黄土高原空中云水资源远大于该地区实际年降水量,具有较大空中云水资源开发利用潜势;(2)空间上云水资源表现为两种模态--西北部、东南部反位相振荡(EOF1)以及中部云水资源偏多西北、东南两端偏少(EOF2),且具有显著年际变化周期;(3)黄土高原的空中云水资源主要来自东海,当水汽输送反气旋环流中心偏南(北)时,影响EOF1(EOF2)空间模态;(4)云水、云冰量峰值分别出现在700 hPa、400 hPa左右,当700 hPa存在水汽辐合及上升运动时有利于黄土高原空中云水资源开发。  相似文献   

4.
正2016年2月25日,由中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所尹传华博士等科研人员发明的"一种内陆干旱区排碱渠养鱼的方法"获国家发明专利授权。(专利号:ZL201410566934.1)本发明涉及一种利用排碱渠内丰富的咸水资源进行家鱼养殖的方法,该方法按下列步骤进行:(1)养鱼场所的选择及水质的筛选;(2)主干排碱渠涵洞作为鱼苗栖息避暑的场所的设置;(3)鱼苗的选择和投放;(4)最初6个月内,饲料、投放时间及投放地点的设定;第7-10个月饲料变化,以及次年  相似文献   

5.
西北地区水资源现状与可持续利用对策的探讨   总被引:4,自引:1,他引:4  
中国的水资源问题在西北地区尤为突出。西北地区生态环境脆弱,资源丰富,如何在发展经济的同时实现人与自然的和谐共处,已成为人们日益关心的话题。随着国家西部大开发战略的进一步推进,特别是实施西部大开发的近5年,切实采取有效措施以实现西部地区水资源的可持续利用,已经逐渐成为人们的共识。从分析西北地区水资源现状入手,分析西北地区水资源的特点,并据此提出西北地区水资源可持续利用对策:(1)加大地下水资源勘查力度,查清水资源储量;(2)综合利用,科学规划,加强水资源的合理配置与调控;(3)开源与节流并举,尤其要重视节流;(4)充分利用天然地下库容调蓄水资源;(5)完善相关法律和法规的建设,强化监督管理,加强和完善水资源法规建设,建立健全水资源管理体系。通过以上措施的实施将有利于解决西北地区水资源的严重匮缺问题。  相似文献   

6.
作为资源环境承载力主要组成部分,水资源承载力研究起步较晚,但近年来无论在概念、计算方法还是实证研究等方面均有较快发展,也已成为区域水资源合理开发与利用的重要判据。本文简要回顾了一下水资源承载力的发展历程,选取常规趋势法、系统动力学方法、多目标模型分析法、综合评价法和动态模拟递推法为代表对水资源承载力的主要研究方法进行评述与对比。研究认为:(1)水资源承载力的研究方法虽然种类较多,但主要方法往往已定型多年,新方法与新技术较为欠缺;(2)当前主要研究方法在指标体系、评价标准制定的科学性、全面性等方面尚显不足,需要进一步完善;(3)未来水资源承载力需要加强动态研究,同时注意与实际结合,尝试建立一套监测预警体系并选取部分地区进行先行示范,满足新时期水资源管理的需求。  相似文献   

7.
西北地区生态环境建设和水资源可持续利用的若干问题   总被引:32,自引:19,他引:13  
贡力  靳春玲 《中国沙漠》2004,24(4):513-517
通过水资源特征分析及水资源利用的评价, 论述了水资源持续利用可持续发展存在的水资源紧缺、生态环境恶化等问题。提出了水资源利用可持续发展对策: 开源节流、以节水为主, 坚持水费改革, 改善生态环境等措施。认为西北地区社会经济要发展, 保护和改善生态环境是前提, 水资源可持续利用是关键。只有珍惜、保护、合理利用和科学管理水资源, 重视保护和改善生态环境, 解决好生态环境建设的体制、机制和投资, 提高其效益, 才能确保水资源的可持续利用, 促进西北社会经济可持续发展。  相似文献   

8.
西北干旱区水资源问题研究思考   总被引:29,自引:2,他引:27       下载免费PDF全文
 气候变化与水资源问题是各国政府部门、学术界和社会公众普遍关注的焦点,也是西北干旱区实现跨越式发展的重要瓶颈之一。在分析前人研究成果基础之上,指出制约西北干旱区社会经济发展和生态安全的关键因素和气候变化对西北干旱区水资源的影响;进而分析西北干旱区气候变化与水资源研究中的热点和难点问题;最后基于西北干旱区水资源研究的重要性和迫切性提出目前亟待解决的研究任务与核心内容,主要包括3个方面:(1)气候变化对西北干旱区水资源形成、转化及未来趋势的影响;(2)气候变化对西北干旱区水循环过程的影响;(3)气候变化对西北干旱区水资源安全的影响。  相似文献   

9.
石羊河流域近40a来水资源供需格局演变   总被引:3,自引:2,他引:1  
通过计算石羊河流域凉州区和民勤县1964-2006年的水资源供需格局,分析了导致民勤地区缺水量变化的原因。结果表明:(1)40 a来凉州区和民勤县水资源需求量总体上趋于增加,尤其以20世纪90年代以后水资源需求增幅最大;(2)40 a来凉州区和民勤县水资源供需矛盾不断加剧的趋势几乎一致,凉州区从1995年起出现缺水现象,而民勤县一直处于缺水的状态;(3)导致民勤县缺水加剧的主要因素为出山径流的降低、凉州区需水量的增加以及民勤县需水量的增加。  相似文献   

10.
盐碱地可持续利用研究综述   总被引:80,自引:0,他引:80  
盐碱地资源的开发利用对粮食生产具有重大贡献。但水资源的缺乏、气候变化使盐碱地开发利用工作更具挑战性。文章系统总结了近年来盐碱地可持续利用研究取得的重要进展:(1)盐碱地可持续利用的技术研发、排盐水环境安全处理及技术配套管理研究;(2) 盐碱地可持续利用的农户技术选择行为研究;(3) 盐碱地可持续利用的科学研究方法。提出盐碱地可持续利用进一步研究的建议:加强多学科交叉融合的研究;强调农户技术选择行为研究;增强研究方法的科学性。  相似文献   

11.
BOOK REVIEWS     
Book Reviewed in this article: Development and Environment in Peninsular Malaysia . S. Robert Aiken, Colin H. Leigh, Thomas R. Leinbach, Michael R. Moss. The Rural-Urban Fringe: Canadian Perspectives . Ken B. Beesley and Lorne H. Russwurm, eds. Women and Development . Lourdes Benería, ed. The Border that Joins: Mexican Migrants and U.S. Responsibility . Peter G. Brown and Henry Shue, eds. Cities of the World: World Regional Urban Development . Stanley D. Brunn and Jack L. Williams, eds. Time Resources, Society, and Ecology: On the Capacity for Human Interaction in Space and Time (Vol. I, Preindustrial Societies). Tommy Carlstein. Urban Geography . David Clark. Spanish City Planning in North America . Dora P. Crouch, Daniel J. Garr, and Axel I. Mundigo. Not On Our Street: Community Attitudes to Mental Health Care . M. J. Dear and S. M. Taylor Unequal growth: Urban and Regional Employment Change in the U.K. Stephen Fothergill and Graham Gudgin. Agricultural Land in an Urban Society . Owen J. Furuseth and John T. Pierce. The Petroleum Industry in Oil-Importing Developing Countries . Fariborz Ghadar. Historical Understanding in Geography, An Idealist Approach . Leonard Guelke. Regional Planning in Europe . R. Hudson and J. R. Lewis, eds. Remote Sensing for Resource Management . Chris J. Johannsen and James L. Sanders, eds. Geography and The State . R. J. Johnston. Texas Graveyards: a Cultural Legacy . Tlrry G. Jordan. The Politics of Location: An Introduction . Andrew Kirby. A Social Geography of the City . David Ley. Energy and the Future . Douglas MacLean and Peter Brown, eds. The Natural Environment of Newfoundland Past and Present . A. G. Macpherson and J. B. Macpherson, eds. Tourism: Economic, Physical and Social Impacts . Alister Mathieson and Geoffrey Wall. Railroads and Land Grant Policy: A Study in Government Intervention . Lloyd J. Mercer. Progress in Rural Geography . Michael Pacione, ed. Progress in Urban Geography . Michael Pacione, ed. Models of Spatial Inequality: Settlement Patterns in Historical Archaeology . Robert Paynter. Natural Hazard Risk Assessment and Public Policy, Anticipating the Unexpected . William J. Petak and Arthur A. Atkisson. The Nature of Geomorphology . Alistair F. Pitty. Regional Conflict and National Policy . Kent A. Price Women and Spatial Change: Learning Resources for Social Science Courses . Arlene C. Rengert and Janice J. Monk, eds. Urban and Regional Analysis for Development Planning . Richard Rhoda. Rivers: Form and Process in Alluvial Channels . Keith Richards. This Remarkable Continent: An Atlas of United States and Canadian Society and Culture . John F. Rooney, Jr., Wilbur Zelinsky, and Dean R. Louder, gen. eds. The Origins of Open-Field Agriculture . Trevor Rowley, ed. Residential Location Determinants of the Older Population . Gundars Rudzitis. Borderland Sourcebook: A Guide to the Literature on Northern Mexico and the American Southwest . Ellwyn R. Stoddard, Richard L. Nostrand, and Jonathan P. West, eds. Arctic and Antarctic . David Sugden. Tall Timbers Ecology and Management Conference, February 22–24, 1979, Proceedings No. 16 . Graphic Communication and Design in Contemporary Cartography (Progress in Contemporary Cartography , Vol. II). D. R. Fraser Taylor, ed. Living with Energy Shortfall: A Future for American Towns and Cities . Jon Van Til. The United States: Habitation of Hope . J. Wreford Watson. Air Photo Interpretation for Archaeologists . D. R. Wilson. Urban and Rural Change in West Germany . Trevor Wild, ed. Population and Resources . Harry Robinson.  相似文献   

12.
<正>1 Introduction In 2013,Chagusaba,which is traditional tea-grass integrated system in Shizuoka,were accepted as new world heritage site of agriculture.Shizuoka prefecture occupies a variety of elevations,from 0 to 3000m or more above sea level.Because of the diversity of land features and climates,this area produces 167 agricultural commodities.In addition,a lot of traditional agriculture and over200 local native varieties of crops have been conserved in Shizuoka  相似文献   

13.
<正>There are more than 10000 years of agricultural development history in the world that has provided very fruitful and ingenious traditional knowledge and experiences reflecting the evolution of humanity and the nature.In2002,the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations(FAO)initiated an international partnership initiative of"Conservation and Adaptive Management of Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems  相似文献   

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BOOK REVIEWS     
Book Reviewed in this article: Geography and the Third World. International Seminar, 14–18 May 1980, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia . Ishmail Ahmad and Jamaluddin Md Jahi, eds. The Growth Dilemma: Residents' Views and Local Population Change in the United States . Mark Baldassare. Sport and Place: A Geography of Sport in England, Scotland & Wales . John Bale. The Deindustrialization of America: Plant Closings, Community Abandonment, and the Dismantling of Basic Industry . Barry Bluestone and Bennett Harrison. Selected Essays 1963–1975: Carl O. Sauer . Bob Callahen, ed. Housing and Planning in the Countryside . G. Clark. Conflict, Politics and the Urban Scene . Kevin R. Cox and R. J. Johnston, eds. Thematic Maps: Their Design and Production . David J. Cuff and Mark T. Mattson. Wine: A Geographic Appreciation . Harm Jan de Blij. USSR in Maps . J. C. Dewdney. Political Geography: A Contemporary Perspective . Ramesh D. Dikshit. Rethinking Human Adaptation . Rada Dyson-Hudson and Michael A. Little, eds. Sacred Sands: The Struggle for Community in the indiana Dunes . J. Ronald Engel. Geography of the Biosphere . A. Furley and Walter W. Newey. Disaster and Reconstruction . Robert Geipel. Glasgow: The Making of a City . Andrew Gibb. Design for Arid Regions . Giden S. Golany, ed. Urbanization and Cancer Mortality: The United States Experience, 1950–1975 . Michael R. Greenberg. Geology in the Nineteenth Century: Changing Views of a Changing World . Mott T. Greene. Colonización y Destrucción de Bosques en Panamá . Stanley Heckadon Moreno and Alberto McKay, eds. Urban Geography: A First Approach . David T. Herbert and Colin J. Thomas. The Visual and Spatial Structure of Landscapes . Tadahiko Higuchi. Climate from Tree Rings . M. K. Hughes, P. M. Kelly, J. R. Pilcher, and V. C. LaMarche, Jr., eds. The structure of Nineteenth Century Cities . James H. Johnson and Colin G. Pooley, eds. The American Planner: Biographies and Recollections . Donald A. Krueckeberg, ed. Urban Land Policy For the 1980s, the Message for State and Local Government . George Lefcoe, ed. Regional Planning: Evolution, Crisis and Prospects . Gill C. Lim, ed. Relevance and Ethics In Geography . Bruce Mitchell and Dianne Draper. China: The Geography of Development and Modernization . Clifton W. Pannell and Laurence J. C. MA. The Urban Retailing System . Robert B. Potter. Hants. Nonconventional Energy Resources . Philip R. Pryde. Caribbean Migrants: Environment and Human Survival on St. Kitts and Nevis . Bonham C. Richardson. Population and Resources . Harry Robinson. East Los Angeles: History of A Barrio . Ricardo Romo. Integrated Impact Assessment . Frederick A. Rossini and Alan L. Porter, eds. Environmental Aesthetics: Essays in Interpretation . Barry Sadler and Allen Carlson, eds. Earthwatch . Charles Sheffield. Field Techniques and Research Methods in Geography . Robert H. Stoddard. Haiti: Land of Poverty . Robert J. Tata. Weathering and Erosion: Sources and Methods in Geography . Stephen T. Trudgill. Once Beneath the Forest. Prehistoric Terracing in the Río Bec Region of the Maya Lowlands . B. L. Turner, II. The Historical Geography of Scotland since 1707 . David Turnock.  相似文献   

16.
BOOK REVIEWS     
Book Reviewed in this article: The City in Cultural Context . John Agnew, John Mercer, David Sopher, eds. Soils and Geomorphology Peter W. Birkeland. Urbanization and Settlement Systems, International Perspectives . L. S. Bourne, R. Sinclair, and K. Dziewoński. eds. An Introduction to Urban Historical Geography . Harold Carter. Overshoot, The Ecological Basis of Revolutionary Change . William J. Catton, Jr. Rivers of the World . Eberhard Czaya. Jewish Communities in Frontier Societies: Argentina, Australia and South Africa . Daniel J. Elazar with Peter Medding. Color in Public Spaces: Toward a Communication-Based Theory of the Urban Built Environment. Kenneth E. Foote. Spatial Statistics and Models. Gary L. Gaile and Cort J. Willmott, eds. Mega-Geomorphology. Rita Gardner and Helen Scoging, eds. Technological Change and Regional Development. Gillespie, ed. The Arid Lands: Their Use and Abuse. R. L. Heathcote. The Location of Industry in Britain. A. G. Hoare. Groundwater as a Geomorphic Agent . R. G. LaFleur, ed. Rural Public Services: International Comparisons. Richard E. Lonsdale and Gyorgy Enyedi, eds. Saving Water in a Desert City. William E. Martin, Helen M. Ingram, Nancy K. Laney, and Adrian H. Griffin. Water Resources: Distribution, Use and Management. John R. Mather. Transnationals and the Third World: The Struggle for Culture. Armand Mattelart. South Hadley, MA: USGS Digital Cartographic Data Standards. R. B. McEwen, R. E. Witmer, and B. S. Ramey, eds. The Ecosystem Concept in Anthropology. Emilio F. Moran, ed. Boulder, CO: Women, Men, and the International Division of Labor. June Nash and Maria Patricia Fernandez-Kelly, eds. Nuclear Power: Assessing and Managing Hazardous Technology. Martin J. Pasqualetti and K. David Pijawka, eds. Mary Somerville and the Cultivation of Science 1815-1840. Elizabeth Chalmers Patterson. An Introduction to Coastal Geomorphology. John Pethick. Late Quaternary Environments of the United States , Vol. 1, The Late Pleistocene. Stephen C. Porter, ed. Planning and Ecology. R. D. Roberts and T. M. Roberts, eds. Regionalism and the Pacific Northwest. William G. Robbins, Robert J. Frank, and Richard E. Ross, eds. Environment and Health. Anthony J. Rowland and Paul Cooper. Sunbelt/Snowbelt: Urban Development and Regional Restructuring. Larry Sawers and William K. Tabb, eds. The Bad Earth. Environmental Degradation in China. Vaclav Smil. Armonk, NY: Voyage into Substance: Art, Science, Nature, and the Illustrated Travel Account, 1760–1840. Barbara Maria Stafford. The Institute of British Geographers: The First Fifty Years. Robert W. Steel. Visions of the Past. Christopher Taylor and Richard Muir. Glacial Lake Agassiz. J. T. Teller and Lee Clayton, eds. The Tule Breakers: The Story of the California Dredge. John Thompson and Edward A. Dutra. The Balkan City 1400–1900. Nikolai Todorov. Explanation, Prediction and Planning: the Lowry model. Michael J. Webber. Mercedes Reales: Hispanic Land Grants of the Upper Rio Grande Region. Victor Westphall. The World Atlas of Revolutions. Andrew J. M. Wheatcroft. The West European City, A Social Geography. Paul White. Urban Elites and Mass Transportation. J. Allen Whitt. Princeton, NJ: Urban Life In Contemporary China. Martin King Whyte and William L. Parish. The Demand for Energy in the Soviet Union. David Wilson. London and Canberra: Rethinking Geographical Inquiry. J. David Wood, ed.  相似文献   

17.

Reviews of geographic software in this article:

DEMO-GRAPHICS: WORLD POPULATIONS AND PROJECTIONS.

ESP

GAUSS.

CEMODEL S. Damus

LIMDEP. William H. Greene

MICROSTAT 4.1

OTIS

PCIPS. (Personal Computer Image Processing System). H.J. Meyers and R. Bernstein.

REGRESSION ANALYSIS OF TIME SERIES (RATS)

SPSS/PC+

URBAN DATA MANAGEMENT SOFTWARE (UDMS)  相似文献   

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BOOK REVIEWS     
Book Reviewed in this article: Rabat: Urban Apartheid in Morocco . Janet Abu -Lughod . Marketplaces in a Developing Country: The Case of Western Nigeria . Isaac Ayinde Adalemo . Farming Development and Space: A World Agricultural Geography . Bernd Andreae . Section and Party: A Political Geography of American Presidential Elections, from Andrew Jackson to Ronald Reagan . J. Clark Archer and Peter J. Taylor . Women and Space: Ground Rules and Social Maps . Shirley Ardener , ed. European Progress in Spatial Analysis . R. J. Bennett , ed. The Origins of Academic Geography in the United States . Brian W. Blouet Geographic Perspectives on Global Problems . Ronald Reed Boyce . Seasonal Dimensions to Rural Poverty . Robert Chambers , Richard Longhurst and Arnold Pacey eds. The New Nationalism and the Use of Common Spaces: Issues in Marine Pollution and the Exploitation of Antarctica . Jonathan I. Charney , ed. Communications Tomorrow: The Coming of the Information Society . Edward Cornish , ed. The Design of Suburbia . Arthur Edwards . Explorer on the Northern Plains: Lieutenant Gouverneur K. Warren's Preliminary Report of Explorations in Nebraska and Dakota in the Years 1855–56–57. With an Introduction by Frank N. Schubert . The Changing Climate: Responses of the Natural Flora and Fauna . Michael J. Ford . Essentials of Physical Geography . Robert E. Gabler , Robert J. Sager , Sheila Brazier , and Daniel L. Wise. The Road to Jaramillo . William Glen . Valued Environments . John R. Gold and Jacquelin Burgess , eds. Proximity and Preference: Problems in the Multidimensional Analysis of Large Data Sets . Reginald G. Golledge and John N. Rayner , eds. A Search for Common Ground . Peter Gould and Gunnar Olsson , eds. Geography: Its History and Concepts . Arild Holt -Jensen . A Population Geography . Huw R. Jones . The Human Mosaic: A Thematic Introduction to Cultural Geography, 3rd ed. Terry G. Jordan and Lester Rowntree . Urban Social Geography: An Introduction . Paul Knox . The Anatomy of Job Loss: The How, Why and Where of Employment Decline . Doreen Massey and Richard Meegan . The Information Society as Post-Industial Society . Yoneji Masuda . Map Librarianship, 2nd ed. Harold Nichols . India: Cultural Patterns and Processes . Allen G. Noble and Ashok K. Dutt , eds. The God that Limps: Science and Technology in the Eighties . Colin Norman . Geography: An Introductory Perspective . Robert E. Norris , Keith D. Harries and John D. Vitek . The Politics of Technology Assessment . David M. O'Brien and Donald A. Marchand . Ethnic Segregation in Cities . Ceri Peach , Vaughan Robinson and Susan Smith , eds. Churches and Church Membership in the United States, 1980 . Bernard Quinn , Herman Anderson , Martin Bradley , Paul Goetting and Peggy Shriver . Energy in Australia: Politics and Economics . Hugh Saddler . Development from Above or Below? The Dialectics of Regional Planning in Developing Countries . Walter B. Stóuhr and D. R. Fraser Taylor , eds. Human Impact on the Ecosystem . Joy Tivy and Greg O'Hare . Plants and People: Vegetation Change in North America . Thomas R. Vale . The Mapmakers: The Story of the Great Pioneers in Cartography from Antiquity to the Space Age . John Noble Wilford .  相似文献   

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