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新疆石炭—二叠纪植物地理区的形成与演变 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4
通过对晚古生代气候演化趋向的分析,探讨了新疆石炭纪和二叠纪植物地理分区的形成与演变。认为植物地理分区在早石炭世晚期末—晚石炭世早期即已形成,随着温带气候区的逐渐扩大,安加拉区植物在新疆自北向南逐渐推移,至晚二叠世中—晚期到达北塔里木。早二叠世—晚二叠世早期南准噶尔、伊犁等地受欧洲东移的干旱气流的影响,有欧美型松柏类混生。塔里木为特提斯生物大区的一部分,植物主要为欧美-华夏区类型。 相似文献
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大兴安岭南部—松辽盆地西斜坡晚二叠世古沉积环境一直以来备受争议,关于该地区中—晚二叠世古环境演化方面的研究也鲜见报道。本文采用元素地球化学和有机地球化学相结合的研究方法,对松辽盆地西斜坡蒙科地1井中—晚二叠世古沉积环境演化特征进行综合研究。结果表明,中二叠世为明显的海相沉积,沉积水体相对较深,期间可能存在多次干热—暖湿波动,其中中二叠世ZSI晚期—ZSII早期较为明显,水体性质体现为咸水—微咸水—半咸水,水体还原性—偏氧化性—还原性,气候干热—温湿—干热。晚二叠世早期为微咸水—半咸水海相沉积,至晚二叠世晚期转变为淡水—微咸水海陆过渡相沉积,期间存在两次明显的气候环境波动,与中二叠世哲斯组沉积中期气候环境变化相似,表现为水体变浅、咸度降低、还原性减弱,气候由干热转向温湿。晚二叠世以来气候逐渐向温暖湿热转变,水体逐渐变浅,可能与二叠纪—三叠纪之交气候变暖有关。至三叠纪、侏罗纪时期,区域处于构造抬升阶段,沉积环境由海陆过渡相环境转变为陆相沉积。结合TOC、古生产力指标分析得出,中二叠世ZSI晚期—ZSII2早期、晚二叠世LXI晚期、晚二叠世LXII中期、晚二叠世LXIII沉积期偏湿润的气候条件和低咸度、弱还原—偏氧化性的沉积水体环境,是形成厚度较大、富有机质烃源岩的有利的气候环境条件。 相似文献
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措勤地区在泥盆纪浅海碳酸盐台地的背景基础上,在石炭纪—早二叠世发育了一套陆源碎屑为主的海相沉积,古地理呈北部以陆棚海为主、南部发育斜坡-深海相的特征。早石炭世永珠组陆棚浅海限于北部的甲龙到阿布勒一带,其南侧至格嘎一措勤一线发育较宽的斜坡相沉积,晚石炭世时发生海侵,并随着冰期气候的盛行在边缘斜坡海环境内沉积了多套冰海砾岩,随着冰期气候的结束和海退,早二叠世昂杰组陆棚海沉积范围向南扩展到格嘎-达雄南部,陆棚海地边缘发育了生物礁或生物滩。古地理演化反映了研究区在早石炭世受南北向拉张的构造背景下形成了不同于泥盆纪碳酸盐台地的陆棚海—斜坡—深海盆地的古地理格局,晚石炭世拉张达到鼎盛,其后的早二叠世主要发育了稳定陆棚海沉积。 相似文献
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在对测自桂西地区的田林八渡、那坡坡荷、百色平圩、阳圩等地晚古生代的深水相沉积地层的沉积特征、玄武岩地球化学分析以及重要的构造地质事件研究的基础上．对右江盆地晚古生代盆地沉积演化做了阐述,提出了右江盆地自早泥盆世晚期开始出现大陆边缘裂离,先后经历了裂谷盆地形成阶段(早泥盆世晚期-中三叠世早期)、洋壳盆地形成阶段(晚泥盆世-早石炭世)、洋壳盆地强烈扩张阶段(晚石炭世-中二叠世)、洋壳盆地收缩阶段(晚二叠世-中三叠世早期)-洋盆封闭快速充填阶段(中三叠世晚期)的完整沉积盆地演化序列。 相似文献
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新疆准噶尔盆地和塔里木盆地二叠纪孢粉组合的比较及其植物区系和地层意义 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
根据二十年来积累的准噶尔和塔里木盆地二叠纪孢粉组合序列资料 ,结合其他动植物化石证据 ,初步做了两地二叠纪孢粉生物地层对比 ,并讨论了植物区系性质 ,指出准噶尔盆地在晚石炭世早期已属亚安加拉区 ,塔里木盆地在早二叠世虽总体上属欧美区 ,但已混生若干安加拉—亚安加拉成分 ,中、晚二叠世基本上已属亚安加拉区。孢粉证据支持准噶尔板块在早石炭世已与哈萨克斯坦板块—西伯利亚板块对接、塔里木板块在早二叠世与准噶尔板块对接的假说。二叠纪时 ,两地处于亚热带—暖温带 (4 0°N以南 ) ,气候总体上为半干旱气候 ,但干旱程度并不严酷 ,局部地区或层位偶尔还形成薄煤层或煤线 ,准噶尔盆地还有干湿的周期性变化和年度的季节变化 相似文献
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华北地台晚石炭世—早二叠世早期海水进退与厚煤带分布关系 总被引：18，自引：1，他引：17
晚石炭世—早二叠世早期华北地台共发生过4次二级大海侵,海侵来自地台的东、西两个海域。随着时间推移,沉积中心、沉积范围、海侵方向、海岸线位置、可采煤层分布均不断变化。早二叠世早期初第三次大海侵是最大海侵期。最大海侵前夕——晚石炭世晚期末是大区域发育成煤环境最佳时期。第二、三、四次大海侵时华北地台北部始终处于陆表海海侵边缘,从晚石炭世晚期末至早二叠世由于该区长时期保持成煤环境,成为厚煤带分布的主要地区。 相似文献
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根据野外露头剖面,结合区域地质资料,对塔里木盆地乌什凹陷西部的石炭系—二叠系沉积演化进行了分析。乌什凹陷西部在石炭纪夹于南天山残留海盆地和柯坪—温宿隆起之间,其地层和沉积与塔里木盆地内部有较大差异。早石炭世早期,本区为碎屑岩和碳酸盐岩混积的浅海陆棚环境,以索格当他乌断裂为界,早期的柯坪—温宿隆起控制了该时期的沉积作用。早石炭世晚期,本区首次海侵,早期的柯坪—温宿隆起部分被淹没,并伴随着强烈的构造沉降,形成半深水斜坡环境,沉积了一套以库鲁组和索格当他乌组为代表的近端—远端浊积扇的复理石沉积,并一直持续到晚石炭世早期。晚石炭世晚期,本区又一次规模较大的海侵,柯坪—温宿隆起大部分被淹没,原隆起区为开阔海台地环境,北部和西部边缘发育典型的台地边缘相生物礁,向北延伸可达乌什北的克孜布拉克地区,再向北为礁前斜坡和浅海陆棚环境,并持续到中二叠世早期。中二叠世以后,伴随周缘地区大规模的陆内火山喷发,该区发生大规模海退。晚二叠世末,随着塔里木板块与中天山地块的拼合以及海西期天山造山带的形成,南天山洋消失,结束了海相沉积,进入了陆相沉积阶段。 相似文献
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南华北盆地晚石炭世—早二叠世主要为陆表海充填沉积。通过层序界面识别和层序地层划分,建立层序地层格架,将研究区晚石炭世—早二叠世地层划分为1个Ⅱ级陆表海充填层序,3个Ⅲ级层序(Sq1—Sq3),分别对应晚石炭世巴什基尔-格舍尔期、早二叠世紫松期和隆林期,同时对3个层序的特征及演化进行了分析。根据层序地层学研究对Sq1~Sq3进行古地理重建,发现陆表海充填总体上为海退序列,物源主要来自北缘阴山隆起;同时也证实了海侵转换面的存在,全球海平面上升和板缘构造运动共同塑造了南华北盆地晚石炭世—早二叠世特殊的古地理演化过程。 相似文献
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新疆北部地区上古生界火山岩分布及其构造环境 总被引：8，自引：2，他引：6
新疆北部地区石炭系火山岩主要发育于石炭纪-早二叠世由洋盆向陆内盆地转换阶段,发育碰撞与碰撞后伸展期两类构造环境火山岩; 围绕造山带构成西准噶尔、东准噶尔、准南三大岩区; 石炭系主要发育玄武岩-安山岩-英安岩-流纹岩组合,二叠系主要发育玄武岩-安山岩-流纹岩组合。下石炭统多表现为碰撞期活动陆缘构造环境海相中基性火山岩,上石炭统表现为被动陆缘海陆过渡相钙碱性系列中酸性火山岩; 下二叠统表现为陆相偏碱性中基性、中酸性火山岩。西准噶尔石炭系火山岩为一套海陆交互相中基性火山岩组合,具汇聚岛弧过渡壳特点。东准噶尔石炭系火山岩为一套基性、中酸性岩石组合,具早期岛弧挤压、晚期板内伸展环境特征; 准南博格达山前表现为典型裂谷环境火山岩。二叠系火山岩均为碰撞期后板内伸展构造环境,主要分布于西准噶尔岩区; 表现为东准卡拉麦里残留洋最先闭合隆升,西准达尔布特残留洋随后闭合,最后是北天山洋关闭构造演化次序。新疆北部地区上古生界石炭系-下二叠统火山岩油气成藏多遵循“源控论”,主要围绕石炭系与下二叠统烃源岩发育区、有效生烃中心于构造高部位成藏,晚石炭世伸展裂陷应为有利勘探领域。 相似文献
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准噶尔盆地基底火山岩中的辉石及其对盆地基底性质的示踪 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
根据钻井和航磁资料，准噶尔盆地基底可划分为西、北、南三区。3个地区火山岩中辉石的化学成分、种属名称各不相同。辉石化学成分反映出来的寄主岩的碱度、碱度演化趋势以及寄主岩形成的构造环境、构造环境演化史均各有差异，佐证了准噶尔盆地基底是由哈萨克斯坦板块东南缘、西伯利亚板块西南缘和塔里木板块北缘增生大陆拼合而成。其中西、北两区拼合较早，早石炭世末的早海西运动时抬升成陆；南区成陆较晚，晚古炭世末的晚海西运动使南区与西、北两区联合大陆对接，形成完整的准噶尔盆地海西褶皱基底。 相似文献
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为探讨准噶尔盆地南缘二叠纪-三叠纪盆地构造性质及构造演化过程,笔者对盆地南缘小渠子背斜保存较完整的T/P 不整合进行了几何学、运动学和沉积韵律旋回特征的分析。T/P 不整合具有同构造不整合的特点,表现为不整合之下削蚀、之上超覆,是由于盆地南缘经历晚二叠世-早三叠世区域性挤压作用造成的。通过对小渠子地区深层地质结构的分析,认为晚二叠世-早三叠世的构造演化过程与早石炭世伸展断陷的反转密切相关。 相似文献
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根据野外露头剖面,结合区域地质资料,对塔里木盆地乌什凹陷西部的石炭系—二叠系沉积演化进行了分析。乌什凹陷西部在石炭纪夹于南天山残留海盆地和柯坪—温宿隆起之间,其地层和沉积与塔里木盆地内部有较大差异。早石炭世早期,本区为碎屑岩和碳酸盐岩混积的浅海陆棚环境,以索格当他乌断裂为界,早期的柯坪—温宿隆起控制了该时期的沉积作用。早石炭世晚期,本区首次海侵,早期的柯坪—温宿隆起部分被淹没,并伴随着强烈的构造沉降,形成半深水斜坡环境,沉积了一套以库鲁组和索格当他乌组为代表的近端—远端浊积扇的复理石沉积,并一直持续到晚石炭世早期。晚石炭世晚期,本区又一次规模较大的海侵,柯坪—温宿隆起大部分被淹没,原隆起区为开阔海台地环境,北部和西部边缘发育典型的台地边缘相生物礁,向北延伸可达乌什北的克孜布拉克地区,再向北为礁前斜坡和浅海陆棚环境,并持续到中二叠世早期。中二叠世以后,伴随周缘地区大规模的陆内火山喷发,该区发生大规模海退。晚二叠世末,随着塔里木板块与中天山地块的拼合以及海西期天山造山带的形成,南天山洋消失,结束了海相沉积,进入了陆相沉积阶段。 相似文献
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The modern Tianshan Mountains and their surrounding basins have mainly been shaped by the far field effects of the Cenozoic India-Asia collision. However, precollision topographic evolution of the Tianshan Mountains and its impacts on the Junggar and Turpan Basins remain unclear due to the scarcity of data. Detrital zircon U-Pb dating of 14 new and 23 published samples from Permian to Neogene strata in the northern Western Tianshan Mountains, northern and southern Bogda Mountains and Central Turpan Basin, are combined with sedimentary characteristics (lithofacies, petrofacies and paleocurrent data) to investigate the temporal and spatial changes in sediment provenances. Based on the age characteristics of the source rocks in the Tianshan Mountains, the detrital zircons are divided into three groups: pre-Carboniferous zircons, mainly from the Central Tianshan Mountains; Carboniferous to Permian zircons, mainly from the North Tianshan and Bogda Mountains; and Mesozoic zircons, mainly from syn-depositional volcanic activity. The topographic evolution of the Tianshan Mountains and their relation to the Junggar and Turpan Basins can be generally divided into six stages. (1) Positive-relief Tianshan and Bogda Mountains and a rifted marine basin formed during the Early Permian to early Middle Permian following late Carboniferous orogenesis, as evidenced by interbedded alluvial fan conglomerates and postcollisional extension-related volcanic rocks along the basin margins, by marine deposits far from the basin margins and by the predominance of Carboniferous to Permian detrital zircons. (2) Fluvial to lacustrine deposits in the modern southern Junggar and Turpan Basins are characterized by abundant pre-Carboniferous zircons and consistently northward-flowing paleocurrents, indicating the submergence of the Bogda Mountains and a contiguous Junggar-Turpan continental depression basin during the late Middle Permian to the Triassic. (3) The Bogda Mountains began to uplift in the Early Jurassic, resulting in opposing paleocurrent directions, a sudden increase in sedimentary lithic detritus and the dominance of Carboniferous to Permian detrital zircons along the southern and northern margins of this range. (4) In contrast to the uplift of the Bogda Mountains, the other parts of the Tianshan Mountains experienced gradual peneplanation from the Early Jurassic to the Middle Jurassic, as confirmed by widespread fluvial to lacustrine deposits, even inside the modern Tianshan Mountains, and by the dominance of pre-Carboniferous detrital zircons. (5) The dominance of Carboniferous to Permian zircons in the southern Junggar Basin suggests the West Tianshan Mountains were uplifted during the Late Jurassic, while the dominance of pre-Carboniferous zircons in the Central Turpan Basin indicates continuous peneplanation in the Eastern Tianshan Mountains. (6) The initial shape of the Tianshan Mountains-Junggar Basin-Turpan Basin system was constructed in the Late Jurassic but was modified in the Cenozoic by the India-Asia collision, resulting in much higher Western Tianshan and Bogda Mountains, low Eastern Tianshan Mountains and well-developed foreland basins. These Cenozoic changes were recorded by the rapid cooling of apatites, the dominance of Carboniferous to Permian zircons in the southern Junggar Basin and northern Turpan Basin, and the dominance of pre-Carboniferous zircons in the Central Turpan Basin. 相似文献
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华北陆台晚古生代岩相古地理 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
位于天山-阴山、昆仑山-秦岭两大纬向构造带之间的华北陆台。在稳定地壳基底上逐渐发展形成晚古生代多旋回克拉通大型含煤盆地。加里东运动使陆台缺失O3-C1沉积，晚石炭世至晚二叠世陆台为海陆交互相滨海、湖泊、三角洲沉积，随着古地理环境演变,陆台各沉积古地理环境在时、表现为由老至新、自北向南迁移。 相似文献
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ZHONG Rong Institute of Geomechanics CAGS Beijing FU Zeming China University of Geosciences Beijing Zhou Jian Liu Xinzhu 《《地质学报》英文版》1998,72(1):114-120
Four great second-order transgressions occurred during the Late Carboniferous to early Early Permian and they came from both the eastern and western sea areas in the North China Platform. As time went on, depocentres, depositional extent, transgression directions, coastline position and distribution of minable coal seams were changing continuously. The third great second-order transgression occurring at the beginning of the early Early Permian marks the maximum transgression period and before its arrival, i.e. at the close of the late Late Carboniferous, there was the super-regional coal-forming environment. During the second, third and fourth transgressions, the northern North China Platform was all along situated on the transgressive margin of the epicontinental sea and became the major distribution area of thick coal belts because it maintained a coal-forming environment for a long period of time from the close of the late Late Carboniferous to the Early Permian. 相似文献
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《International Geology Review》2012,54(5):633-656
The West Junggar lies in the southwest part of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB) and consists of Palaeozoic ophiolitic mélanges, island arcs, and accretionary complexes. The Barleik ophiolitic mélange comprises several serpentinite-matrix strips along a NE-striking fault at Barleik Mountain in the southern West Junggar. Several small late Cambrian (509–503 Ma) diorite-trondhjemite plutons cross-cut the ophiolitic mélange. These igneous bodies are deformed and display island arc calc-alkaline affinities. Both the mélange and island arc plutons are uncomfortably covered by Devonian shallow-marine and terrestrial volcano-sedimentary rocks and Carboniferous volcano-sedimentary rocks. Detrital zircons (n = 104) from the Devonian sandstone yield a single age population of 452–517 million years, with a peak age of 474 million years. The Devonian–Carboniferous strata are invaded by an early Carboniferous (327 Ma) granodiorite, late Carboniferous (315–311 Ma) granodiorites, and an early Permian (277 Ma) K-feldspar granite. The early Carboniferous pluton is coeval with subduction-related volcano-sedimentary strata in the central West Junggar, whereas the late Carboniferous–early Permian intrusives are contemporary with widespread post-collisional magmatism in the West Junggar and adjacent regions. They are typically undeformed or only slightly deformed. Our data reveal that island arc calc-alkaline magmatism occurred at least from middle Cambrian to Late Ordovician time as constrained by igneous and detrital zircon ages. After accretion to another tectonic unit to the south, the ophiolitic mélange and island arc were exposed, eroded, and uncomfortably overlain by the Devonian shallow-marine and terrestrial volcano-sedimentary strata. The early Carboniferous arc-related magmatism might reflect subduction of the Junggar Ocean in the central Junggar. Before the late Carboniferous, the oceanic basins apparently closed in this area. These different tectonic units were stitched together by widespread post-collisional plutons in the West Junggar during the late Carboniferous–Permian. Our data from the southern West Junggar and those from the central and northern West Junggar and surroundings consistently indicate that the southwest part of the CAOB was finally amalgamated before the Permian. 相似文献